SIST EN 16603-10-04:2015

Space engineering - Space environment

This standard applies to all product types which exist or operate in space and defines the natural environment for all space regimes. It also defines general models and rules for determining the local induced environment.
Project-specific or project-class-specific acceptance criteria, analysis methods or procedures are not defined.
The natural space environment of a given item is that set of environmental conditions defined by the external physical world for the given mission (e.g. atmosphere, meteoroids and energetic particle radiation). The induced space environment is that set of environmental conditions created or modified by the presence or operation of the item and its mission (e.g. contamination, secondary radiations and spacecraft charging). The space environment also contains elements which are induced by the execution of other space activities (e.g. debris and contamination).
This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristic and constrains of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.

Raumfahrttechnik - Raumfahrtumweltbedingungen

Ingénierie spatiale - Environnement spatial

Vesoljska tehnika - Okolje v vesolju

Ta standard se uporablja za vse vrste proizvodov, ki obstajajo ali delujejo v vesolju, in določa naravno okolje za vse vesoljske režime. Določa tudi splošne modele in pravila za ugotavljanje lokalnega ustvarjenega okolja. Merila sprejemljivosti, analizne metode ali postopki za posamezen projekt ali posamezen razred projekta niso opredeljeni. Naravno okolje v vesolju določenega predmeta je tisti sklop okoljskih pogojev, ki ga določa zunanji fizični svet za določeno misijo (npr. atmosfera, meteoroidi in sevanje energijskih delcev). Ustvarjeno okolje v vesolju je tisti sklop okoljskih pogojev, ki ga ustvari ali spremeni prisotnost ali delovanje predmeta in njegove misije (npr. onesnaženje, drugotna sevanja in polnjenje vesoljskega plovila). Okolje v vesolju zajema tudi elemente, ki jih ustvari izvajanje drugih vesoljskih dejavnosti (npr. odpadki in onesnaženje). Ta standard se lahko prilagodi posameznim lastnostim in omejitvam vesoljskega projekta v skladu s standardom ECSS-S-ST-00.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 04-Mar-2015
• Withdrawal Date: 13-Oct-2021
• ICS: 49.140 - Space systems and operations
• Technical Committee: I13 - Imaginarni 13
• Current Stage: 9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 14-Oct-2021
• Due Date: 06-Nov-2021
• Completion Date: 14-Oct-2021
• Mandate: M/496 - Mandate addressed to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI to develop standardisation regarding space industry (Phase 3 of the process)
• Ref Project: EN 16603-10-04:2015 - Space engineering - Space environment

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN 14092:2004 - Space engineering - Space environment
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Replaced By: SIST EN 16603-10-04:2021 - Space engineering - Space environment
• Effective Date: 08-Sep-2021

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 16603-10-04:2015
01-april-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 14092:2004
Vesoljska tehnika - Okolje v vesolju
Space engineering - Space environment
Raumfahrttechnik - Raumfahrtumweltbedingungen
Ingénierie spatiale - Environnement spatial
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16603-10-04:2015
ICS:
49.140 Vesoljski sistemi in operacije Space systems and
operations
SIST EN 16603-10-04:2015 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 16603-10-04:2015

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SIST EN 16603-10-04:2015


EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 16603-10-04

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2015
ICS 49.140 Supersedes EN 14092:2002
English version
Space engineering - Space environment
Ing?ierie spatiale - Environnement spatial Raumfahrttechnik - Raumfahrtumweltbedingungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 December 2013.

CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving
this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning
such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre
has the same status as the official versions.

CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.







CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16603-10-04:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC
Members.

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SIST EN 16603-10-04:2015
EN 16603-10-04:2015 (E)
Table of contents
Foreword . 12
Introduction . 13
1 Scope . 14
2 Normative references . 15
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 17
3.1 Terms defined in other standards . 17
3.2 Terms specific to the present standard . 17
3.3 Abbreviated terms. 26
4 Gravity . 29
4.1 Introduction and description . 29
4.1.1 Introduction . 29
4.1.2 Gravity model formulation . 29
4.1.3 Third body gravitation . 31
4.1.4 Tidal effects. 31
4.2 Requirements for model selection and application . 31
4.2.1 General requirements for gravity models . 31
4.2.2 Selection and application of gravity models . 32
5 Geomagnetic fields . 33
5.1 Introduction and description . 33
5.1.1 The geomagnetic field and its sources . 33
5.1.2 The internal field . 33
5.1.3 External field: ionospheric components . 34
5.1.4 External magnetic field: magnetospheric components . 34
5.1.5 Models of the internal and external geomagnetic fields . 34
5.2 Requirements for model selection and application . 36
5.2.1 The internal field . 36
5.2.2 The external field . 36
5.3 Tailoring guidelines . 37
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EN 16603-10-04:2015 (E)
6 Natural electromagnetic radiation and indices . 38
6.1 Introduction and description . 38
6.1.1 Introduction . 38
6.1.2 Electromagnetic radiation and indices . 38
6.2 Requirements . 41
6.2.1 Electromagnetic radiation . 41
6.2.2 Reference index values . 42
6.2.3 Tailoring guidelines . 42
6.3 Tables . 43
7 Neutral atmospheres . 45
7.1 Introduction and description . 45
7.1.1 Introduction . 45
7.1.2 Structure of the Earth’s atmosphere . 45
7.1.3 Models of the Earth’s atmosphere . 45
7.1.4 Wind model of the Earth’s homosphere and heterosphere . 46
7.2 Requirements for atmosphere and wind model selection . 47
7.2.1 Earth atmosphere . 47
7.2.2 Earth wind model . 48
7.2.3 Models of the atmospheres of the planets and their satellites . 48
8 Plasmas . 49
8.1 Introduction and description . 49
8.1.1 Introduction . 49
8.1.2 Ionosphere . 49
8.1.3 Plasmasphere . 50
8.1.4 Outer magnetosphere . 50
8.1.5 Solar wind . 51
8.1.6 Magnetosheath . 51
8.1.7 Magnetotail . 51
8.1.8 Planetary environments . 52
8.1.9 Induced environments . 52
8.2 Requirements for model selection and application . 52
8.2.1 General . 52
8.2.2 Ionosphere . 53
8.2.3 Auroral charging environment . 53
8.2.4 Plasmasphere . 54
8.2.5 Outer magnetosphere . 54
8.2.6 The solar wind (interplanetary environment). 55
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EN 16603-10-04:2015 (E)
8.2.7 Other plasma environments . 55
8.2.8 Tables . 56
9 Energetic particle radiation . 57
9.1 Introduction and description . 57
9.1.1 Introduction . 57
9.1.2 Overview of energetic particle radiation environment and effects . 57
9.2 Requirements for energetic particle radiation environments . 60
9.2.1 Trapped radiation belt fluxes . 60
9.2.2 Solar particle event models . 62
9.2.3 Cosmic ray models . 63
9.2.4 Geomagnetic shielding . 63
9.2.5 Neutrons . 63
9.2.6 Planetary radiation environments . 64
9.3 Preparation of a radiation environment specification . 64
9.4 Tables . 65
10 Space debris and meteoroids . 66
10.1 Introduction and description . 66
10.1.1 The particulate environment in near Earth space . 66
10.1.2 Space debris . 66
10.1.3 Meteoroids . 67
10.2 Requirements for impact risk assessment and model selection . 67
10.2.1 General requirements for meteoroids and space debris . 67
10.2.2 Model selection and application . 68
10.2.3 The MASTER space debris and meteoroid model . 69
10.2.4 The meteoroid model . 69
10.2.5 Impact risk assessment . 70
10.2.6 Margins and worst case fluxes . 71
11 Contamination . 72
11.1 Introduction and description . 72
11.1.1 Introduction . 72
11.1.2 Description of molecular contamination . 72
11.1.3 Transport mechanisms . 73
11.1.4 Description of particulate contamination . 73
11.1.5 Transport mechanisms . 74
11.2 Requirements for contamination assessment . 74
Annex A (normative) Natural electromagnetic radiation and indices . 75
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EN 16603-10-04:2015 (E)
A.1 Solar activity values for complete solar cycle . 75
A.2 Tables . 76
Annex B (normative) Energetic particle radiation . 80
B.1 Historical dates of solar maximum and minimum . 80
B.2 GEO model (IGE-2006) . 80
B.3 ONERA MEOv2 model . 80
B.4 FLUMIC model . 81
B.4.1 Overview . 81
B.4.2 Outer belt (L>2,5 Re) . 81
B.4.3 Inner belt (L<2,5 Re) . 82
B.5 NASA worst case GEO spectrum . 83
B.6 ESP solar proton model specification. 83
B.7 Solar ions model . 84
B.8 Geomagnetic shielding (Størmer theory) . 84
B.9 Tables . 85
Annex C (normative) Space debris and meteoroids . 97
C.1 Flux models . 97
C.1.1 Meteoroid velocity distribution . 97
C.1.2 Flux enhancement and altitude dependent velocity distribution . 97
C.1.3 Earth shielding and flux enhancement from spacecraft motion . 99
C.1.4 Meteoroid streams . 100
C.2 Tables . 102
Annex D (informative) Gravitation . 105
D.1 Gravity models: background . 105
D.2 Guidelines for use . 106
D.3 Availability of models . 108
D.4 Tables . 108
D.5 Figures . 109
Annex E (informative) Geomagnetic fields . 110
E.1 Overview of the effects of the geomagnetic field . 110
E.2 Models of the internal geomagnetic field . 110
E.3 Models of the external geomagnetic field . 111
E.4 Magnetopause boundary . 112
E.5 Geomagnetic coordinate system – B and L . 112
E.6 Tables . 115
E.7 Figures . 117
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EN 16603-10-04:2015 (E)
Annex F (informative) Natural electromagnetic radiation and indices . 119
F.1 Solar spectrum . 119
F.2 Solar and geomagnetic indices – additional information . 119
F.2.1 E10.7 . 119
F.2.2 F10.7. 119
F.2.3 S10.7 . 120
F.2.4 M10.7 . 120
F.3 Additional information on short-term variation . 120
F.4 Useful internet references for indices . 121
F.5 Earth electromagnetic radiation . 121
F.5.1 Earth albedo. 121
F.5.2 Earth infrared . 122
F.6 Electromagnetic radiation from other planets . 123
F.6.1 Planetary albedo . 123
F.6.2 Planetary infrared . 123
F.7 Activity indices information . 123
F.8 Tables . 123
F.9 Figures . 124
Annex G (informative) Neutral atmospheres . 127
G.1 Structure of the Earth’s atmosphere . 127
G.2 Development of models of the Earth’s atmosphere . 127
G.3 NRLMSISE-00 and JB-2006 - additional information . 128
G.4 The GRAM series of atmosphere models. . 129
G.5 Atmosphere model uncertainties and limitations . 129
G.6 HWM93 additional information . 129
G.7 Planetary atmospheres models. 130
G.7.1 Jupiter . 130
G.7.2 Venus. 130
G.7.3 Mars . 131
G.7.4 Saturn . 131
G.7.5 Titan . 131
G.7.6 Neptune . 131
G.7.7 Mercury . 131
G.8 Reference data . 132
G.9 Tables . 133
G.10 Figures . 138
Annex H (informative) Plasmas . 142
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EN 16603-10-04:2015 (E)
H.1 Identification of plasma regions. 142
H.2 Plasma effects on spacecraft . 142
H.3 Reference data . 143
H.3.1 Introduction . 143
H.3.2 Ionosphere . 143
H.3.3 Plasmasphere . 143
H.3.4 Outer magnetosphere . 144
H.3.5 Magnetosheath . 144
H.3.6 Magnetotail and distant magnetosheath . 144
H.3.7 Planetary environments . 145
H.3.8 Induced environments . 145
H.4 Tables . 146
H.5 Figures . 149
Annex I (informative) Energetic particle radiation . 150
I.1 Trapped radiation belts . 150
I.1.1 Basic data . 150
I.1.2 Tailoring guidelines: orbital and mission regimes . 150
I.1.3 Existing trapped radiation models . 151
I.1.4 The South Atlantic Anomaly . 153
I.1.5 Dynamics of the outer radiation belt . 154
I.1.6 Internal charging . 154
I.2 Solar particle event models . 154
I.2.1 Overview . 154
I.2.2 ESP model . 155
I.2.3 JPL models . 155
I.2.4 Spectrum of individual events . 156
I.2.5 Event probabilities . 157
I.2.6 Other SEP models . 157
I.3 Cosmic ray environment and effects models . 158
I.4 Geomagnetic shielding . 158
I.5 Atmospheric albedo neutron model . 158
I.6 Planetary environments . 159
I.6.1 Overview . 159
I.6.2 Existing models . 159
I.7 Interplanetary environments . 160
I.8 Tables . 160
I.9 Figures . 162
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EN 16603-10-04:2015 (E)
Annex J (informative) Space debris and meteoroids . 168
J.1 Reference data . 168
J.1.1 Trackable space debris . 168
J.1.2 Reference flux data for space debris and meteoroids . 168
J.2 Additional information on flux models. 169
J.2.1 Meteoroids . 169
J.2.2 Space debris flux models . 170
J.2.3 Model uncertainties . 172
J.3 Impact risk assessment . 172
J.3.1 Impact risk analysis procedure . 172
J.3.2 Analysis complexity . 173
J.3.3 Damage assessment . 173
J.4 Analysis tools . 174
J.4.1 General . 174
J.4.2 Deterministic analysis . 174
J.4.3 Statistical analysis . 174
J.5 Tables . 175
J.6 Figures . 179
Annex K (informative) Contamination modelling and tools . 182
K.1 Models . 182
K.1.1 Overview . 182
K.1.2 Sources . 182
K.1.3 Transport of mol
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