SIST EN 1991-3:2006
(Main)Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 3: Actions induced by cranes and machinery
Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 3: Actions induced by cranes and machinery
(1) Part 3 of EN 1991 specifies imposed loads (models and representative values) associated with cranes on runway beams and stationary machines which include, when relevant, dynamic effects and braking, acceleration and accidental forces.
(2) Section 1 defines common definitions and notations.
(3) Section 2 specifies actions induced by cranes on runways.
(4) Section 3 specifies actions induced by stationary machines.
Eurocode 1 - Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 3: Einwirkungen infolge von Kranen und Maschinen
(1) EN 1991-3 legt die Nutzlasten (Modelle und repräsentative Zahlenwerte) aus Kranen auf Kranbahnträgern und stationären Maschinen fest, die wo notwendig dynamische Einflüsse, Brems- und Beschleunigungskräfte sowie Anprallkräfte einschließen.
(2) Abschnitt 1 definiert allgemeine Definitionen und Bezeichnungen.
(3) Abschnitt 2 legt die durch Krane verursachten Einwirkungen auf Kranbahnträgern fest.
(4) Abschnitt 3 spezifiziert die durch stationäre Maschinen hervorgerufenen Einwirkungen.
Eurocode 1 - Actions sur les structures - Partie 3: Actions induites par les appareils de levage et les machines
(1) La partie 3 de l'EN 1991 spécifie les charges d'exploitation (modeles et valeurs représentatives) associées aux appareils de levage sur chemins de roulement et aux machines fixes, qui comprennent, le cas échéant, les effets dynamiques et les forces de freinage, d'accélération et accidentelles.
(2) La section 1 donne les définitions et notations communes.
(3) La section 2 spécifie les actions induites par les appareils de levage sur les chemins de roulement.
(4) La section 3 spécifie les actions induites par les machines fixes.
Evrokod 1: Vplivi na konstrukcije – 3. del: Vpliv žerjavov in drugih strojev
(1) 3. del standarda EN 1991 določa delujoče obremenitve (modeli in reprezentativne vrednosti), povezane z žerjavi na tekalnih progah in stacionarnimi stroji, ki vključujejo, kjer je ustrezno, dinamične učinke in zaviranje ter pospeševalne in naključne sile.
(2) 1. oddelek določa običajne definicije in označbe.
(3) 2. oddelek določa vplive žerjavov na tekalnih progah.
(4) 3. oddelek določa vplive stacionarnih strojev na tekalnih progah.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 3: Actions induced by cranes and machineryEvrokod 1: Vplivi na konstrukcije – 3. del: Vpliv žerjavov in drugih strojevEurocode 1 - Actions sur les structures - Partie 3: Actions induites par les appareils de levage et les machinesEurocode 1 - Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 3: Einwirkungen infolge von Kranen und MaschinenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1991-3:2006SIST EN 1991-3:2006en91.010.30Technical aspectsICS:SIST ENV 1991-5:20041DGRPHãþDSLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1991-3:200601-november-2006
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 1991-3July 2006ICS 91.010.30Supersedes ENV 1991-5:1998
English VersionEurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 3: Actions induced bycranes and machineryEurocode 1 - Actions sur les structures - Partie 3: Actionsinduites par les appareils de levage et les machinesEurocode 1 - Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 3:Einwirkungen infolge von Kranen und MaschinenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 January 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1991-3:2006: E
EN 1991-3:2006 (E) page 2
CONTENTS Page
FOREWORD.4 BACKGROUND OF THE EUROCODE PROGRAMME.4 STATUS AND FIELD OF APPLICATION OF EUROCODES.5 NATIONAL STANDARDS IMPLEMENTING EUROCODES.6 LINKS BETWEEN EUROCODES AND HARMONISED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS (ENS AND ETAS) FOR PRODUCTS.6 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION SPECIFIC FOR EN 1991-3.6 NATIONAL ANNEX FOR EN 1991-3.7 SECTION 1 GENERAL.8 1.1 SCOPE.8 1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES.8 1.3 DISTINCTION BETWEEN PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION RULES.8 1.4 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS.9 1.4.1
Terms and definitions specifically for hoists and cranes on runway beams.9 1.4.2
Terms and definitions specifically for actions induced by machines.11 1.5 SYMBOLS.12 SECTION 2 ACTIONS INDUCED BY HOISTS AND CRANES ON RUNWAY BEAMS 14 2.1
FIELD OF APPLICATION.14 2.2
CLASSIFICATIONS OF ACTIONS.14 2.2.1
General.14 2.2.2
Variable actions.14 2.2.3
Accidental actions.15 2.3
DESIGN SITUATIONS.16 2.4
REPRESENTATION OF CRANE ACTIONS.17 2.5
LOAD ARRANGEMENTS.17 2.5.1 Monorail hoist blocks underslung from runway beams.17 2.5.1.1 Vertical loads.17 2.5.1.2
Horizontal forces.17 2.5.2 Overhead travelling cranes.17 2.5.2.1 Vertical loads.17 2.5.2.2 Horizontal forces.18 2.5.3 Multiple crane action.20 2.6
VERTICAL CRANE LOADS - CHARACTERISTIC VALUES.21 2.7
HORIZONTAL CRANE LOADS - CHARACTERISTIC VALUES.23 2.7.1
General.23 2.7.2
Longitudinal forces HL,i and transverse forces HT,i caused by acceleration and deceleration of the crane.23 2.7.3
Drive force K.25 2.7.4
Horizontal forces HS,i,j,k and the guide force S caused by skewing of the crane.26 2.8
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS.30 2.9
LOADS ON ACCESS WALKWAYS, STAIRS, PLATFORMS AND GUARD RAILS.30 2.9.1
Vertical loads.30 2.9.2
Horizontal loads.30 2.10
TEST LOADS.30 2.11
ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS.31 2.11.1
Buffer forces HB,1 related to crane movement.31 2.11.2 Buffer forces HB,2 related to movements of the crab.32 2.11.3
Tilting forces.32
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2.12
FATIGUE LOADS.32 2.12.1
Single crane action.32 2.12.2
Stress range effects of multiple wheel or crane actions.35 SECTION 3 ACTIONS INDUCED BY MACHINERY.36 3.1
FIELD OF APPLICATION.36 3.2
CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIONS.36 3.2.1
General.36 3.2.2
Permanent actions.36 3.2.3
Variable actions.37 3.2.4
Accidental actions.37 3.3
DESIGN SITUATIONS.37 3.4
REPRESENTATION OF ACTIONS.37 3.4.1
Nature of the loads.37 3.4.2
Modelling of dynamic actions.38 3.4.3
Modelling of the machinery-structure interaction.38 3.5
CHARACTERISTIC VALUES.39 3.6
SERVICEABILITY CRITERIA.41 ANNEX A (NORMATIVE).43 BASIS OF DESIGN – SUPPLEMENTARY CLAUSES TO EN 1990 FOR RUNWAY BEAMS LOADED BY CRANES.43 A.1
GENERAL.43 A.2
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATES.43 A.2.1
Combinations of actions.43 A.2.2
Partial factors.44 A.2.3 y-factors for crane loads.44 A.3
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES.45 A.3.1
Combinations of actions.45 A.3.2
Partial factors.45 A.3.3
y-factors for crane actions.45 A.4
FATIGUE.45 ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE).46 GUIDANCE FOR CRANE CLASSIFICATION FOR FATIGUE.46
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Foreword
This European Standard (EN 1991-3:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250 “Structural Eurocodes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes.
This European Standard supersedes ENV 1991-5:1998.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2010.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Background of the Eurocode programme In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications.
Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them.
For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980s.
In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1 between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to the CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Council’s Directives and/or Commission’s Decisions dealing with European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products - CPD - and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public works and services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market).
1 Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) concerning the work on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89).
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The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally consisting of a number of Parts: EN 1990 Eurocode : Basis of Structural Design
EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures Eurocode standards recognise the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each Member State and have safeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level where these continue to vary from State to State.
Status and field of application of Eurocodes The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognise that Eurocodes serve as reference documents for the following purposes:
as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential requirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement N°1 – Mechanical resistance and stability – and Essential Requirement N°2 – Safety in case of fire ; – as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services ; – as a framework for drawing up harmonised technical specifications for construction products (ENs and ETAs) The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works themselves, have a direct relationship with the Interpretative Documents2 referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different nature from harmonised product standards3. Therefore, technical aspects arising from the Eurocodes work need to be adequately considered by CEN Technical Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product
2 According to Art. 3.3 of the CPD, the essential requirements (ERs) shall be given concrete form in interpretative documents for the creation of the necessary links between the essential requirements and the mandates for harmonised ENs and ETAGs/ETAs. 3 According to Art. 12 of the CPD the interpretative documents shall : a) give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the technical bases and indicating classes or levels for each requirement where necessary ; b) indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement with the technical specifications, e.g. methods of calculation and of proof, technical rules for project design, etc. ; c) serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonised standards and guidelines for European technical approvals. The Eurocodes, de facto, play a similar role in the field of the ER 1 and a part of ER 2.
EN 1991-3:2006 (E) page 6
standards with a view to achieving full compatibility of these technical specifications with the Eurocodes. The Eurocode standards provide common structural design rules for everyday use for the design of whole structures and component products of both a traditional and an innovative nature. Unusual forms of construction or design conditions are not specifically covered and additional expert consideration will be required by the designer in such cases. National Standards implementing Eurocodes The National Standards implementing Eurocodes will comprise the full text of the Eurocode (including any annexes), as published by CEN, which may be preceded by a National title page and National foreword, and may be followed by a National annex.
The National annex
may only contain information on those parameters which are left open in the Eurocode for national choice, known as Nationally Determined Parameters, to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the country concerned, i.e. :
values and/or classes where alternatives are given in the Eurocode, – values to be used where a symbol only is given in the Eurocode, – country specific data (geographical, climatic, etc.), e.g. snow map, – the procedure to be used where alternative procedures are given in the Eurocode. It may also contain:
decisions on the application of informative annexes, – references to non-contradictory complementary information to assist the user to apply the Eurocode.
Links between Eurocodes and harmonised technical specifications (ENs and ETAs) for products There is a need for consistency between the harmonised technical specifications for construction products and the technical rules for works4. Furthermore, all the information accompanying the CE Marking of the construction products which refer to Eurocodes should clearly mention which Nationally Determined Parameters have been taken into account. Additional information specific for EN 1991-3 EN 1991-3 gives design guidance and actions for the structural design of buildings and civil engineering works, including the following aspects: – actions induced by cranes, and – actions induced by machinery. EN 1991-3 is intended for clients, designers, contractors and public authorities.
4 see Art.3.3 and Art.12 of the CPD, as well as clauses 4.2, 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 5.2 of ID 1.
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EN 1991-3 is intended to be used with EN 1990, the other Parts of EN 1991 and EN 1992 to EN 1999 for the design of structures. National annex for EN 1991-3 This Standard gives alternative procedures, values and recommendations for classes with notes indicating where national choices have to be made. Therefore the National Standard implementing EN 1991-3 should have a National Annex containing all Nationally Determined Parameters to be used for the design of members to be constructed in the relevant country.
National choice is allowed in EN 1991-3 through the following paragraphs:
Paragraph Item 2.1 (2) Procedure when actions are given by the crane supplier 2.5.2.1 (2) Eccentricity of wheel loads 2.5.3 (2) Maximum number of cranes to be considered in the most unfavourable position 2.7.3 (3) Value of friction factor A2.2 (1)
Definition of g-values for cases STR and GEO A2.2 (2)
Definition of g-values for case EQU A2.3 (1)
Definition of y-values
EN 1991-3:2006 (E) page 8
Section 1 General
1.1 Scope (1) Part 3 of EN 1991 specifies imposed loads (models and representative values) associated with cranes on runway beams and stationary machines which include, when relevant, dynamic effects and braking, acceleration and accidental forces.
(2) Section 1 defines common definitions and notations.
(3) Section 2 specifies actions induced by cranes on runways.
(4) Section 3 specifies actions induced by stationary machines.
1.2 Normative References This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European Stan-dard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
ISO 3898
Basis of design of structures - Notations. General symbols
ISO 2394
General principles on reliability for structures
ISO 8930
General principles on reliability for structures. List of equivalent terms
EN 1990 Eurocode: Basis of Structural Design EN 13001-1 Cranes – General design – Part 1: General principles and requirements EN 13001-2 Cranes – General design – Part 2: Load effects EN 1993-1-9 Design of steel structures – Part 1-9: Fatigue EN 1993-6 Design of steel structures – Part 6: Crane runway beams
1.3 Distinction between Principles and Application Rules (1) Depending on the character of the individual clauses, distinction is made in this Part of prEN 1991 between Principles and Application Rules.
(2) The Principles comprise:
general statements and definitions for which there is no alternative, as well as
– requirements and analytical models for which no alternative is permitted unless specifically stated.
(3) The Principles are identified by the letter P following the paragraph number.
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(4) The Application Rules are generally recognised rules which comply with the Principles and satisfy their requirements. (5) It is permissible to use alternative design rules different from the Application Rules given in EN 1991-3 for works, provided that it is shown that the alternative rules accord with the relevant Principles and are at least equivalent with regard to the structural safety, serviceability and durability that would be expected when using the Eurocodes.
NOTE: If an alternative design rule is substituted for an Application Rule, the resulting design cannot be claimed to be wholly in accordance with EN 1991-3 although the design will remain in accordance with the Principles of EN 1991-3. When EN 1991-3 is used in respect of a property listed in an Annex Z of a product standard or an ETAG, the use of an alternative design rule may not be acceptable for CE marking.
(6) In this Part the Application Rules are identified by a number in brackets, e.g. as this clause.
1.4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2394, ISO 3898, ISO 8930 and the following apply. Additionally for the purposes of this standard a basic list of terms and definitions is provided in EN 1990, 1.5.
1.4.1
Terms and definitions specifically for hoists and cranes on runway beams 1.4.1.1 dynamic factor factor that
represents the ratio of the dynamic response to the static one
1.4.1.2 self-weight Qc
of the crane self-weight of all fixed and movable elements including the mechanical and electrical equipment of a crane structure, however without the lifting attachment and a portion of the suspended hoist ropes or chains moved by the crane structure, see 1.4.1.3
1.4.1.3 hoist load Qh load including the masses of the payload, the lifting attachment and a portion of the suspended hoist ropes or chains moved by the crane structure, see Figure 1.1
QcQh Figure 1.1 — Definition of the hoist load and the self-weight of a crane
EN 1991-3:2006 (E) page 10
1.4.1.4 crab part of an overhead travelling crane that incorporates a hoist and is able to travel on rails on the top of the crane bridge 1.4.1.5 crane bridge part of an overhead travelling crane that spans the crane runway beams and supports the crab or hoist block 1.4.1.6 guidance means system used to keep a crane aligned on a runway, through horizontal reactions between the crane and the runway beams NOTE The guidance means can consist of flanges on the crane wheels or a separate system of guide rollers operating on the side of the crane rails or the side of the runway beams
1.4.1.7 hoist machine for lifting loads 1.4.1.8 hoist block underslung trolley that incorporates a hoist and is able to travel on the bottom flange of a beam, either on a fixed runway (as shown in Figure 1.2) or under the bridge of an overhead travelling crane (as shown in Figures 1.3 and 1.4)
1.4.1.9 monorail hoist block hoist block that is supported on a fixed runway, see Figure 1.2
1.4.1.10 crane runway beam beam along which
an overhead travelling crane can move
1.4.1.11 overhead travelling crane a machine for lifting and moving loads, that moves on wheels along overhead crane runway beams. It incorporates one or more hoists mounted on crabs or underslung trolleys 1.4.1.12 runway beam for hoist block crane runway beam provided to support a monorail hoist block that is able to travel on its bottom flange, see Figure 1.2
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12 Key
Runway beam 2 Hoist block
Figure 1.2 — Runway beam with hoist block
1.4.1.13 underslung crane overhead travelling crane that is supported on the bottom flanges of the crane runway beams, see Figure 1.3
Figure 1.3 — Underslung crane with hoist block
1.4.1.14 top-mounted crane overhead travelling crane that is supported on the top of the crane runway beam
NOTE It usually travels on rails, but sometimes travels directly on the top of the beams, see Figure 1.4
Figure 1.4 — Top mounted crane with hoist block
1.4.2
Terms and definitions specifically for actions induced by machines
1.4.2.1 natural frequency frequency of free vibration on a system
NOTE For a multiple degree-of-freedom system, the natural frequencies are the frequencies of the normal modes of vibrations
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1.4.2.2 free vibration vibration of a system that occurs in the absence of forced vibration
1.4.2.3 forced vibration vibration of a system if the response is imposed by the excitation
1.4.2.4 damping dissipation of energy with time or distance
1.4.2.5 resonance resonance of a system in forced harmonic vibration exists when any change, however small, in the frequency of excitation causes a decrease in the response of the system
1.4.2.6 mode of vibration characteristic pattern assumed by a system undergoing vibration in which the motion of every particle is simple harmonic with the same frequency
NOTE Two or more modes may exist concurrently in a multiple degree of
freedom system. A normal (natural) mode of vibration is a mode of vibration that is uncoupled from other modes of vibration of a system
1.5 Symbols
(1) For the purposes of this European standard, the following symbols apply.
NOTE: The notation used is based on ISO 3898: 1997.
(2) A basic list of symbols is provided in EN 1990 clause 1.6 and the additional notations below are specific to this part of EN 1991.
Latin upper case letters j,k characteristic value of a crane action Fk characteristic static component of a crane action Fs free force of the rotor Fw* forces caused by in-service wind
HB,1 buffer forces related to movements of the crane HB,2 buffer forces related to movements of the crab HK horizontal load for guard rails HL longitudinal forces caused by acceleration and deceleration of the crane HS horizontal forces caused by skewing of the crane HT,1; HT,2 transverse forces caused by acceleration and deceleration of the crane
HT,3 transverse forces caused by acceleration and deceleration of the crab HTA tilting force
K drive force
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Mk(t) circuit moment
Qe fatigue load Qc
self-weight of the crane Qh hoist load
QT
test load Qr wheel load S guide force
Latin lower case letters br width of rail head e eccentricity of wheel load eM eccentricity of the rotor mass h
distance between the instantaneous slide pole and means of guidance kQ
load spectrum factor
span of the crane bridge mc
mass of the crane mw
number of single wheel drives mr mass of rotor n number of wheel pairs nr
number of runway beams
Greek lower case letters a skewing angle z damping ratio h ratio of the hoist load that remains when the payload is removed, but is not included in the self-weight of the crane l damage equivalent factor sl force factors m friction factor bx buffer characteristic j
dynamic factor 321,,jjj7654,,,jjjj
dynamic factor applied to actions induced by cranes fatj damage equivalent dynamic impact factor Mj dynamic factor applied to actions induced by machines ew natural frequency of the structure rw circular frequency of
...
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