kSIST FprEN 16214-3:2023
(Main)Sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria for biomass for energy applications - Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers - Part 3: Sustainability criteria related to environmental aspects
Sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria for biomass for energy applications - Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers - Part 3: Sustainability criteria related to environmental aspects
This European Standard only defines procedures, criteria and indicators to provide the required evidence for:
- production of raw material in areas for nature protection purposes;
- harvesting of raw material from non-natural highly biodiverse grasslands; and
- cultivation and harvesting on peatland.
This European Standard specifies requirements relevant for the provision of evidence by economic operators that the production, cultivation and harvesting of raw materials is in accordance with legal or other requirements concerning the areas mentioned above.
This European Standard is applicable to production, cultivation and harvesting of biomass for biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels production.
Nachhaltigkeitskriterien für die Herstellung von Biokraftstoffen und flüssigen Biobrennstoffen für Energieanwendungen - Grundsätze, Kriterien, Indikatoren und Prüfer - Teil 3: Biodiversität und Umweltaspekte im Zusammenhang mit Naturschutzzwecken
In diesem Dokument sind Verfahren, Kriterien und Indikatoren für landwirtschaftliche Biomasse und forstwirtschaftliche Biomasse für Energieanwendungen, d. h. Biokraftstoffe, flüssige Biobrennstoffe und Biomasse-Brennstoffe, definiert, die den Nachhaltigkeitskriterien der Richtlinie 2018/EU/2001 der Europäischen Kommission, der Neufassung der Erneuerbare-Energien-Richtlinie (EER II), entsprechen. Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für die Erzeugung, den Anbau und die Ernte von Biomasse auf landwirtschaftlichen Flächen und forstwirtschaftlichen Flächen zum Zwecke der Herstellung von Biokraftstoffen, flüssigen Biobrennstoffen und Biomasse-Brennstoffen.
Critères de durabilité pour la production de biocarburants et de bioliquides pour des applications énergétiques - Principes, critères, indicateurs et vérificateurs - Partie 3: Biodiversité et aspects environnementaux liés aux objectifs de protection de la
Le présent document définit les procédures, les critères et les indicateurs répondant aux critères de durabilité de la directive 2018/UE/2001 (RED II) de la Commission européenne, refonte de la directive sur les énergies renouvelables, pour la biomasse agricole et la biomasse forestière destinées à des applications énergétiques, c'est-à-dire les biocarburants, les bioliquides et les combustibles de biomasse. Le présent document s'applique à la production, la culture et la récolte de la biomasse issue des terres agricoles et forestières en vue de la production de biocarburants, de bioliquides et de combustibles de biomasses.
Merila za trajnostnost in zmanjševanje emisij toplogrednih plinov za biomaso za energijsko uporabo - Načela, merila, kazalniki in preskuševalniki - 3. del: Merila trajnostnosti, povezana z okoljskimi vidiki
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 16214-3:2022
01-julij-2022
Merila za trajnostnost in zmanjševanje emisij toplogrednih plinov za biomaso za
energijsko uporabo - Načela, merila, kazalniki in preskuševalniki - 3. del: Merila
trajnostnosti, povezana z okoljskimi vidiki
Sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria for biomass for energy
applications - Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers - Part 3: Sustainability criteria
related to environmental aspects
Nachhaltigkeitskriterien für die Herstellung von Biokraftstoffen und flüssigen
Biobrennstoffen für Energieanwendungen - Grundsätze, Kriterien, Indikatoren und Prüfer
- Teil 3: Biodiversität und Umweltaspekte im Zusammenhang mit Naturschutzzwecken
Critères de durabilité pour la production de biocarburants et de bioliquides pour des
applications énergétiques - Principes, critères, indicateurs et vérificateurs - Partie 3:
Biodiversité et aspects environnementaux liés aux objectifs de protection de la
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16214-3
ICS:
13.020.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
varstvom okolja environmental protection
27.190 Biološki viri in drugi Biological sources and
alternativni viri energije alternative sources of energy
oSIST prEN 16214-3:2022 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 16214-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2022
ICS 27.190; 75.160.40 Will supersede EN 16214-3:2012+A1:2017
English Version
Sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria
for biomass for energy applications - Principles, criteria,
indicators and verifiers - Part 3: Sustainability criteria
related to environmental aspects
Critères de durabilité pour la production de Nachhaltigkeitskriterien für die Herstellung von
biocarburants et de bioliquides pour des applications Biokraftstoffen und flüssigen Biobrennstoffen für
énergétiques - Principes, critères, indicateurs et Energieanwendungen - Grundsätze, Kriterien,
vérificateurs - Partie 3: Biodiversité et aspects Indikatoren und Prüfer - Teil 3: Biodiversität und
environnementaux liés aux objectifs de protection de la Umweltaspekte im Zusammenhang mit
Naturschutzzwecken
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 383.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 16214-3:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Principle . 7
5 Agricultural biomass . 8
5.1 Check the type of the agricultural biomass . 8
5.2 Agricultural waste and agricultural residues . 9
5.3 Agricultural residues and agricultural crop . 9
5.4 Guidance for the identification of relevant land types for harvesting of agricultural
biomass . 11
5.4.1 Primary forest and other wooded land, highly biodiverse forest and other wooded
land . 11
5.4.2 Areas for nature protection purposes . 15
5.4.3 Highly biodiverse grasslands . 15
5.4.4 Land with high carbon stocks . 18
5.5 Harvesting of biomass in areas with nature protection purposes or in highly
biodiverse forest and other wooded land . 19
5.5.1 General. 19
5.5.2 Functional check . 19
5.5.3 Impact check . 20
5.6 Harvesting of agricultural biomass in non-natural highly biodiverse grassland . 24
5.6.1 Functional check . 24
5.6.2 Impact check . 24
5.7 Harvesting of agricultural biomass from peatland . 26
5.7.1 Functional check . 26
5.7.2 Impact check . 26
6 Forest biomass . 28
6.1 General. 28
6.2 Sustainable harvesting. 28
6.2.1 General. 28
6.2.2 Provision of data on the existence of national or sub-national legislation meeting
level A compliance . 28
6.2.3 Provision of data for level B compliance . 29
6.3 Carbon stock maintenance . 30
6.3.1 General. 30
6.3.2 Provision of data when reporting on national level . 30
6.3.3 Provision of data at the forest sourcing area level . 31
7 Documentation . 31
Annex A (informative) Example of a template for provision of data for the area with nature
protection purposes and for the production unit . 33
Annex B (informative) Example of a template for provision of data for non-natural highly
biodiverse grasslands harvesting area . 34
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Annex C (informative) Example of a template for provision of data for peatland area . 35
Bibliography . 36
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European foreword
This document (prEN 16214-3:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 383
“Sustainably produced biomass for energy applications”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 16214-3:2012+A1:2017.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
In order to adapt the current edition to the sustainability criteria of European Commission Directive
2018/EU/2001, the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II), some sustainability criteria have
been introduced and some reformulated. In particular, the RED II introduces sustainability for forest
biomass and the directive has also been extended to include solid biomass.
This European standard comprises the following parts:
— prEN 16214-1, Sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria for biomass for energy
applications — Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers — Part 1: Terminology;
— CEN/TS 16214-2, Sustainability criteria for the production of biofuels and bioliquids for energy
applications — Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers — Part 2: Conformity assessment
including chain of custody and mass balance;
— prEN 16214-3, Sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria for biomass for energy
applications — Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers — Part 3: Sustainability criteria related
to environmental aspects;
— EN 16214-4, Sustainability criteria for the production of biofuels and bioliquids for energy
applications — Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers — Part 4: Calculation methods of the
greenhouse gas emission balance using a life cycle analysis approach.
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Introduction
In December 2018, the recast Renewable Energy Directive 2018/2001/EU (RED II) entered into force, as
part of the Clean energy for all Europeans package, helping the EU to meet its emissions reduction
commitments under the Paris Agreement. In RED II, the overall EU target for Renewable Energy Sources
consumption by 2030 has been raised to 32 %.
The RED II defines a series of sustainability and greenhouse gas savings criteria that biomass for energy
applications must comply with to be eligible for financial support by public authorities. Some of these
criteria are the same as in the original RED, while others are new or reformulated. In particular, the RED II
introduces sustainability criteria for forestry feedstocks as well as greenhouse gas savings criteria for
solid and gaseous biomass fuels.
It is widely accepted that sustainability at large encompasses environmental, social and economic
aspects. However, this standard series only cover a selection of environmental aspects since the standard
series has been developed with the aim to assist EU Member States and economic operators with the
implementation of RED II. This standard series is therefore limited to certain aspects relevant for a
sustainability assessment of biomass produced for energy applications. This means that compliance with
this standard series (or parts thereof) alone does not substantiate claims of the biomass being produced
sustainably.
There is a limited set of environmental aspects for biomass produced from agriculture and from forestry,
which are covered by criteria in RED II, i.e. in article 29. There are, of course, many more sustainability
issues that can be relevant to assess for general biomass production, including in agriculture and forestry.
In cases where further advice is desired, ISO 13065 Sustainability criteria for bioenergy, may be a relevant
standard to consult as it provides a framework for considering environmental, social, and economic
aspects that can be used to facilitate the evaluation and comparability of bioenergy production and
products, supply chains and applications.
Biomass can originate from various sources, as seen in Figure 1. This document covers agricultural
biomass and forest biomass, as these sources have sustainability criteria requirements laid down in
RED II. The sustainability criteria of RED II are connected to agricultural and forest land.
Biomass from aquaculture and fisheries or from other land types such as gardens, parks, industrial or
infrastructural land as well as the biodegradable fraction of waste, e.g. from forest industry, municipal
waste, are outside the scope of this document.
However, most of the biomass types are covered by greenhouse gas savings requirements in RED II.
These requirements are dealt with in Part 4 of this standard series. Traceability is dealt with in Part 2.
The sustainability and greenhouse gas emission savings criteria must be met in order for the biomass to
be counted towards the overall target for renewable energy and to be eligible for financial support by
public authorities.
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Figure 1 — An illustrative flowchart for different types of biomass
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1 Scope
This document defines procedures, criteria and indicators meeting the sustainability criteria of European
Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001 (RED II), the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive, for
agricultural biomass and forest biomass for energy applications, i.e. biofuels, bioliquids and biomass
fuels. This document is applicable to production, cultivation and harvesting of biomass from agricultural
land and forest land for biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuel production.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 16214-1:2022, Sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria for biomass for energy
applications — Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers — Part 1: Terminology
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in prEN 16214-1:2022 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
4 Principle
This document contains procedures with underlying questionnaires and indicative data forms to provide
the required evidence for the production, cultivation and harvesting of biomass for energy applications
in order to comply with the sustainability criteria of RED II.
Biomass from agricultural and forest land need to fulfil the sustainability criteria as presented in this
document irrespective of their geographical origin. Information on geographic origin and feedstock type
shall be documented. A verification shall be done, ensuring that the biomass is not intentionally modified
at the expense of the main product or discarded so that the material becomes a residue or waste.
NOTE Figure 2 shows an illustrative flowchart for the biomass types covered by this document. The numbers
refer to the sustainability requirements in RED II.
To show compliance with the sustainability criteria, as a first step, a distinction between agricultural
biomass and forest biomass shall be made. Agricultural biomass is produced within agriculture and can
be crops, residues from agricultural land or wastes from agricultural land. Forest biomass is all biomass
produced within forestry, including residues from forestry.
For agricultural biomass (Clause 5) a distinction between crop, residue and waste shall be made.
Agricultural waste and agricultural residues shall originate from land under a soil monitoring plan or a
soil management plan (5.2). For agricultural crops and agricultural residues, a location check shall be
carried out (5.3). In case this is positive the respective procedures as laid down in 5.4 shall be followed.
These procedures include functional checks and impact checks (see 5.5-5.7).
For forest biomass (Clause 6) the economic operator needs to distinguish if there is national legislation
covering the requirements or if the requirements can be met at forest sourcing level for sustainable
harvesting (6.2) and for carbon stock maintenance (6.3), respectively.
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To show compliance with the sustainability criteria, the economic operator shall take the appropriate
steps in order to minimize the risk of using unsustainable agricultural biomass or forest biomass for the
production of bioenergy. To that end, the economic operator shall put in place a risk-based approach.
These checks are based on criteria, indicators, and verifiers. All criteria of the relevant clause shall be
met. If a criterion is not applicable/necessary, justification/evidence shall be provided.
The listed indicators should be used, where possible.
If an indicator cannot be used, evidence/justification shall be provided. Which indicators and verifiers
are used shall be chosen and justified depending on the respective location. If an additional indicator is
used, this shall be justified in the context of the RED II.
Each respective procedure is illustrated by a flowchart. The flowcharts present the steps to be taken to
provide evidence that the raw material is taken from a source in compliance with the requirements of the
RED II.
Figure 2 — An illustrative flowchart for the biomass types covered by this document. The
numbers refer to the sustainability requirements in RED II
5 Agricultural biomass
5.1 Check the type of the agricultural biomass
It shall be identified whether the raw material originating from agricultural land is crops, residues, or
waste.
Agricultural biomass shall be identified as crop if the material originates from agricultural land and it is
not identified as residue or waste.
The material shall be identified as agricultural residue if the material originates from agricultural land
and is not the end product or products that a production process directly seeks to produce. The economic
operator shall show that production of the agricultural residue is not a primary aim of the production
process and the process has not been deliberately modified to produce it. It can be straw and other
natural non-hazardous agricultural material which do not harm the environment or endanger human
health.
The material shall be identified as agricultural waste if the material originates from agricultural land and
the holder discards, or intends to discard, or is required to discard it.
A verification shall be done, ensuring that materials are not intentionally modified at the expense of the
main product or discarded so that the material becomes a residue or waste.
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Evidence shall be provided in reliable documentation (e.g. product name, on-site consultation, third party
issued certificate, authority declaration, self-declaration) that the agricultural biomass meets the criteria
of crop, residue or waste respectively.
For agricultural biomass identified as waste and/or residues it is required that the economic operators
or national authorities have soil monitoring plans or soil management plans covering the area in question
(5.2). For agricultural biomass identified as residue and/or crop additional location check is needed (5.3).
5.2 Agricultural waste and agricultural residues
A check shall be done whether the economic operators or national authorities have soil monitoring plans
or soil management plans in place covering the area of origin to address the impacts on soil quality and
soil carbon.
NOTE 1 Further guidance is available in ISO 13065:2015, Annex C.
If the functional check is positive, the economic operator shall provide evidence such as which soil
monitoring or soil management plan that is in place covering the specific area (agricultural land) where
the waste or residue originates from.
NOTE 2 The specific area can be a country if the monitoring is made on a national level, covering all agricultural
land (i.e. arable land, area of pasture, and meadows) in the country.
If the functional check is negative, this agricultural waste or residue is not in compliance with RED II and
shall therefore not be considered sustainable.
5.3 Agricultural residues and agricultural crop
For agricultural biomass identified as crop and/or residue, it shall be distinguished if it originates from
any of the specific land types described in RED II.
Check whether the area in question falls under one or more of the following land types (spanning more
than one hectare) in or after January 2008:
a) primary forest; follow the procedures laid down in 5.4.1.3;
b) highly biodiverse forest and other wooded land; follow the procedures laid down in 5.4.1.4;
c) areas for nature protection purposes; follow the procedures laid down in 5.4.2;
d) highly biodiverse grasslands; follow the procedures laid down in 5.4.3;
e) land with high carbon stock (wetlands, continuously forested area, sparsely forested area); follow
the procedures laid down in 5.4.4.4, 5.4.4.2, and 5.4.4.3 (respectively); and
f) peatlands; follow the procedures laid down in 5.4.4.5.
An example of the whole check is visualized in Figure 3.
Differences and overlaps between different types of land depending on canopy cover (as described in
RED II), are illustrated in Figure 4.
If the area in question does not belong to any of the six types of areas mentioned above the agricultural
biomass is in compliance with the land related sustainability criteria in RED II.
The output of the location check is evidence shown in reliable documentation (e.g. maps, Geographic
Information Systems GIS data, landscape assessment, on-site consultation, third party issued certificate,
authority declaration, self-declaration) that the area is inside or outside of the areas as defined above.
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Figure 3 — Location check to be done for crop and/or residues of agricultural biomass
Figure 4 — Differences and overlaps for land types depending on canopy cover as described in
RED II
Each of the land types in Figure 3 shall be checked. Some proofs are less elaborate than others.
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5.4 Guidance for the identification of relevant land types for harvesting of agricultural
biomass
5.4.1 Primary forest and other wooded land, highly biodiverse forest and other wooded land
5.4.1.1 General
Check whether for the harvesting area the criteria for primary forest and other wooded land or for highly
biodiverse forest and other wooded land apply. The identification procedure follows the following three
steps:
a) identification whether a harvesting area has been forest or other wooded land in or after 2008 (see
5.4.1.2);
b) identification whether a harvesting area has been primary forest and other wooded land apply in or
after 2008 (see 5.4.1.3);
c) identification whether a harvesting area has been highly biodiverse forest and other wooded land
apply in or after 2008 (see 5.4.1.4).
5.4.1.2 Determination of primary forest and primary other wooded land status
In order to determine if the production and harvesting is on a forest or other wooded land, Figures 5-7
shall be followed.
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Figure 5 — Identification whether an area is or has been forest or other wooded land in or after
2008
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Figure 6 — Identification whether an area is or has been continuously forested area, sparsely
forested area or other wooded land (OWL) in or after 2008
Figure 7 — Identification whether an area is or has been sparsely forested area or other wooded
land in or after 2008
If the harvesting was done in an area that is/was a continuously forested area the economic operator
shall follow the procedure in 5.4.1.3 and 5.4.1.4 and 5.4.2 and 5.4.4.2 and 5.4.4.4 and 5.4.4.5.
If the harvesting was done in an area that is/was other wooded land or sparsely forested area the
economic operator shall follow the procedure in 5.4.1.3 and 5.4.1.4 and 5.4.2 and 5.4.3 and 5.4.4.3 and
5.4.4.4 and 5.4.4.5.
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5.4.1.3 Determination of primary forest and primary other wooded land status
Check whether for the harvesting area the canopy cover is above 5 %, which could include also e.g. heaths,
pastures, meadows, savannahs, and scrublands.
For forest and other wooded land, the economic operator shall determine whether the area is considered
to be primary forest or primary other wooded land in or after 2008, or if it is identified as primary forest
or primary other wooded land by the national competent authority. The economic operator shall show
that the harvested agricultural biomass does not originate from an area identified in or after 2008 as
primary forest or primary other wooded land.
Information on primary forest area and primary other wooded land can be retrieved by national
authorities, maps. When official information is unavailable, an on-site identification might be necessary.
If the economic operator can show that the harvest area in or after January 2008 is not a primary forest
or primary other wooded land, biomass from this area in question shall be considered as sustainable
according to RED II if not any of the other land types apply.
Evidence shall be provided in reliable documentation (e.g. maps, Geographic Information Systems GIS
data, landscape assessment, on-site consultation, third party issued certificate, authority declaration, self-
declaration).
5.4.1.4 Determination of highly biodiverse forest and other wooded land status
Check whether for the harvesting area the canopy cover is above 5 %, which could include also e.g. heaths,
pastures, meadows, savannahs and scrublands.
The economic operator shall show that the harvested agricultural biomass does not originate from a
forest or other wooded land considered to be highly biodiverse forest or highly biodiverse other wooded
land in or after 2008. Highly biodiverse forest and other wooded land is species rich and not degraded,
or land that has been identified as being highly biodivers
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