SIST EN 15935:2012

Sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste - Determination of loss on ignition

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the loss on ignition (LOI) of dry matter at 550 °C. The dry matter is determined according to EN 15934. This method applies to the determination of loss on ignition of sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste. The LOI of sediments can also be determined with this method.

Schlamm, behandelter Bioabfall, Boden und Abfall - Bestimmung des Glühverlusts

Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Glühverlusts der Trockenmasse bei 550 °C
fest. Die Trockenmasse wurde mit dem Verfahren nach EN 15934 bestimmt.
Dieses Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Glühverlusts ist anwendbar für Schlamm, behandelten Bioabfall,
Boden und Abfall. Der Glühverlust von Sedimenten kann ebenfalls mit diesem Verfahren ermittelt werden.
ANMERKUNG Der Glühverlust dient oft als Schätzwert für den Gehalt an nicht flüchtigen, organischen Bestandteilen in
der Probe. Anorganische Stoffe oder Zersetzungsprodukte (z. B. H2O, CO2, SO2, O2) werden freigesetzt oder
aufgenommen und einige anorganische Stoffe sind unter den Reaktionsbedingungen flüchtig.

Boue, biodéchet traité, sol et déchets - Détermination de la perte au feu

La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode de détermination de la perte au feu (LOI) de la matière sèche à 550 °C. La teneur en matière sèche est déterminée conformément à l'EN 15934.
Cette méthode s'applique à la détermination de la perte au feu des boues, des bio-déchets traités, des sols et des déchets. La perte au feu des sédiments peut également être déterminée par cette méthode.
NOTE   La perte au feu est souvent utilisée comme une estimation de la teneur en matière organique dans l'échantillon. Il convient de noter que des substances inorganiques ou des produits de décomposition (par exemple, H2O, CO2, SO2, O2) sont libérés ou absorbés et que certaines substances inorganiques sont considérées comme étant des matières volatiles dans les conditions opératoires.

Blato, obdelani biološki odpadki, tla in odpadki - Določevanje žarilne izgube

Ta evropski standard določa metodo za določitev žarilne izgube suhe snovi pri temperaturi 550 °C. Suha snov je opredeljena v skladu s standardom EN 15934. Ta metoda velja za določitev žarilne izgube za blato, predelane biološke odpadke, prst in odpadke. S to metodo se lahko določi tudi žarilna izguba za usedline.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Public Enquiry End Date: 19-Feb-2011
• Publication Date: 12-Nov-2012
• Withdrawal Date: 10-Oct-2021
• ICS: 13.030.20 - Liquid wastes. Sludge
• Technical Committee: KAT - Soil quality
• Current Stage: 9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Oct-2021
• Due Date: 24-Oct-2021
• Completion Date: 11-Oct-2021
• Directive: 86/278/EEC - Protection of the environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture
• Mandate: M/330 - Mandate given to CEN for the development of horizontal standards in the fields of sludge, biowaste and soil.
• Ref Project: EN 15935:2012 - Sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste - Determination of loss on ignition

Relations

• Replaced By: SIST EN 15935:2021 - Sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste - Determination of loss on ignition
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2021
• Replaced By: SIST EN 15935:2021 - Sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste - Determination of loss on ignition
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Schlamm, behandelter Bioabfall, Boden und Abfall - Bestimmung des GlühverlustsBoue, biodéchet traité, sol et déchets - Détermination de la perte au feuSludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste - Determination of loss on ignition13.030.20Liquid wastes. SludgeICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15935:2012SIST EN 15935:2012en,fr,de01-december-2012SIST EN 15935:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



SIST EN 15935:2012



EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15935
August 2012 ICS 13.030.01 English Version
Sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste - Determination of loss on ignition
Boues, bio-déchets traités, sols et déchets - Détermination de la perte au feu
Schlamm, behandelter Bioabfall, Boden und Abfall - Bestimmung des Glühverlusts This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 May 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15935:2012: ESIST EN 15935:2012



EN 15935:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3Introduction .41 Scope .52 Normative references .53 Terms and definitions .54 Principle .55 Interferences and sources of errors .56 Apparatus .67 Procedure .67.1 Samples with low content of volatiles .67.2 Samples containing volatile substances .78 Calculation and expression of results .79 Precision .810 Test report .8Annex A (informative)
Repeatability and reproducibility data .9A.1 Materials used in the interlaboratory comparison study .9A.2 Interlaboratory comparison results . 10Bibliography . 11 SIST EN 15935:2012



EN 15935:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15935:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 400 “Project Committee - Horizontal standards in the fields of sludge, biowaste and soil”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. The preparation of this document by CEN is based on a mandate by the European Commission (Mandate M/330), which assigned the development of standards on sampling and analytical methods for hygienic and biological parameters as well as inorganic and organic determinants, aiming to make these standards applicable to sludge, treated biowaste and soil as far as this is technically feasible.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
SIST EN 15935:2012



EN 15935:2012 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard is applicable and validated for several types of matrices as indicated in Table 1 (see also Annex A for the results of the validation). Table 1 — Matrices for which this European Standard is applicable and validated Matrix Materials used for validation
Sludge Municipal sludge Biowaste Compost, Fresh Compost Soil Sludge amended soil,
Agricultural soil Waste Contaminated soil, Dredged sludge,
Nickel sludge
WARNING — Persons using this European Standard should be familiar with usual laboratory practice. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. IMPORTANT — It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this European Standard be carried out by suitably trained staff. Special measures shall be taken during the ignition process to prevent contamination of the laboratory atmosphere by flammable, explosive or toxic gases. SIST EN 15935:2012



EN 15935:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the loss on ignition (LOI) of dry matter at 550 °C. The dry matter is determined according to EN 15934. This method applies to the determination of loss on ignition of sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste. The LOI of sediments can also be determined with this method. NOTE The loss on ignition is often used as an estimate for the content of organic matter in the sample. Inorganic substances or decomposition products (e.g. H2O, CO2, SO2, O2) are released or absorbed and some inorganic substances are volatile under the reaction conditions. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15934, Sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste — Calculation of dry matter fraction after determination of dry residue or water content 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15934 and the following apply. 3.1 loss on ignition LOI mass fraction lost by burning up a dried sample to constant mass at a specified temperature
3.2 residue on ignition mass fraction remaining after burning up a dried sample to constant mass at a specified temperature 4 Principle A weighed test portion is burned up in a furnace to constant mass at (550 ± 25) °C. The difference in mass before and after the ignition process is used to calculate the loss on ignition. The determination is performed on a dried sample or directly on the undried sample including a drying step or by referring to the dry matter. 5 Interferences and sources of errors LOI is an empirical parameter, thus in principle there is no interference connected to the determination. However, for some purposes the determination of LOI is used for the assessment of the content of organic matter in the sample. It should be noted that elementary carbon in the sample will be included in the loss on ignition value. Furthermore, any volatilisation or chemical reactions of inorganic compounds will also be included in the loss on ignition value. Chemically bound water could be released during heating, thereby contributing to the loss on ignition. SIST EN 15935:2012



EN 15935:2012 (E) 6 Samples containing iron or other metals in low bonding state or in metallic state could be oxidised during heating, thereby contributing to the loss on ignition with a negative amount. Sulfides present in the sample could be oxidised to sulfate during heating, thereby contributing to the loss on ignition with a negative amount.
Explosive ignition is likely to result in loss of residue from the crucible, thereby contribut
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 15935:2011
01-januar-2011
%ODWRREGHODQLELRORãNLRGSDGNLWODLQRGSDGNL'RORþHYDQMHåDULOQHL]JXEH
Sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste - Determination of loss on ignition
Schlamm, behandelter Bioabfall, Boden und Abfall - Bestimmung des Glühverlusts
Boue, biodéchet traité, sol et déchets - Détermination de la perte au feu
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15935
ICS:
13.030.20 7HNRþLRGSDGNL%ODWR Liquid wastes. Sludge
oSIST prEN 15935:2011 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 15935:2011

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oSIST prEN 15935:2011


EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 15935
NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

December 2010
ICS 13.030.01
English Version
Sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste - Determination of loss
on ignition
Boue, biodéchet traité, sol et déchets - Détermination de la Schlamm, behandelter Bioabfall, Boden und Abfall -
perte au feu Bestimmung des Glühverlusts
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for second enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 400.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15935:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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oSIST prEN 15935:2011
prEN 15935:2010 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Principle .5
5 Interferences and sources of errors .5
6 Apparatus .6
7 Procedure .6
7.1 Samples with low content of volatiles .6
7.2 Samples containing volatile substances .7
8 Calculation and expression of results .7
9 Precision data .8
10 Test report .8
Annex A (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility data .9
A.1 Materials used in the interlaboratory comparison study .9
A.2 Interlaboratory comparison results . 10
Bibliography . 11

2

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oSIST prEN 15935:2011
prEN 15935:2010 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 15935:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 400 “Project
Committee - Horizontal standards in the fields of sludge, biowaste and soil”, the secretariat of which is held by
DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the second CEN Enquiry.
This draft European Standard prEN 15935 was completely technically and editorially revised following the
comments made during the first CEN-Enquiry in 2009 and the discussions from CEN/TC 400/WG 4 "Inorganic
elements and compounds".
This European Standard is part of a modular horizontal approach in which this document belongs to the
analytical step.
The preparation of this document by CEN is based on a mandate by the European Commission (Mandate
M/330), which assigned the development of standards on sampling and analytical methods for hygienic and
biological parameters as well as inorganic and organic determinants, aiming to make these standards
applicable to sludge, treated biowaste and soil as far as this is technically feasible.
Until now, test methods determining properties of materials within the environmental area were prepared in
Technical Committees (TCs) working on specific products/matrices (e. g. soil, waste, sludge). However, it is
understood that many steps within individual test procedures may also be used for the analysis of various
other materials. By careful determination of these steps and selection of specific questions within these steps,
elements of the test procedure can be described in a way that can be used for a variety of matrices and
materials with certain specifications. This optimization is in line with the development among end-users of
standards. A majority of routine environmental analyses are carried out by institutions and laboratories
working under a scope that is not limited to one single environmental matrix but covers a wide variety of
matrices. Availability of standards covering more matrices contributes to the optimization of laboratory
procedures and standard maintenance costs, e. g. costs related to accreditation and recognition.
A horizontal modular approach was developed in the project 'Horizontal'. 'Modular' means that a test standard
developed in this approach concerns a specific step in assessing a property and not the whole ”chain of
measurement” (from sampling to analyses). A beneficial feature of this approach is that individual “modules”
can be replaced by improved ones without jeopardizing the standard “chain”.
The results of the desk study as well as the evaluation and validation studies have been subject to
discussions with all parties concerned in the CEN structure during the development by project 'Horizontal'.
The results of these consultations with interested parties in the CEN structure have been presented to and
discussed in CEN/BT TF 151.
Based on data from interlaboratory studies and consultations with interested parties within CEN member
bodies, it has been concluded that this draft standard prEN 15935 is acceptable for its intended use and is
ready for CEN enquiry.
It is recognized that standardization in the environmental field in most national standardization bodies is
organized in national standardization committees that mirror the vertical structure of technical committees in
the environmental field in CEN. The present CEN enquiry therefore asks for special attention by the NSBs to
assure that the relevant and interested parties are consulted during the CEN enquiry, i. e. to assure that one
single consolidated enquiry reply on this draft standard prEN 15935 can be presented by the NSB that covers
the entire scope of this draft standard.
3

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oSIST prEN 15935:2011
prEN 15935:2010 (E)
Introduction
This European Standard is validated for several types of matrices as indicated below (see also Annex A for
the results of the validation):
Table 1 — Matrices for which this European Standard is (applicable and) validated
Matrix Validated for
Sludge Municipal sludge
Biowaste Compost,
Fresh Compost
Soil Sludge amended soil,
Agricultural soil
Waste Contaminated soil,
Dredged sludge,
Nickel sludge

WARNING — Persons using this European Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory
practice. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
IMPORTANT — It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this European Standard be
carried out by suitably trained staff. Special measures shall be taken during the ignition process to
prevent contamination of the laboratory atmosphere by flammable, explosive or toxic gases.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the loss on ignition (LOI) of dry mass at
550 °C. The dry matter has been determined in accordance with the method of EN 15934.
This method applies to the determination of loss on ignition of sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste. The
LOI of sediments can also be determined with this method.
NOTE The loss on ignition is often used as an estimate for the content of non-volatile organic matter in the sample. It
should be noted that inorganic substances or decomposition products (e.g. H O, CO , SO O ) are released or absorbed
,
2 2 2 2
and some inorganic substances are volatile under the reaction conditions.
4

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oSIST prEN 15935:2011
prEN 15935:2010 (E)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 15934, Sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste — Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry
residue or water content
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
loss on ignition
LOI
change in mass as a result of igniting a sample under specified conditions
NOTE The LOI is expressed as a weight percentage of the dry mass.
3.2
residue on ignition
mass remaining after igniting a sample under specified conditions
NOTE The residue on ignition is expressed as a weight percentage of the dry mass.
4 Principle
A dried test sample is heated in a furnace to constant mass at (550 ± 25) °C. The difference in mass before
and after the ignition process is used to calculate the loss on ignition.
The determination is performed on a dried sample or directly on the un-dried sample including a drying step or
by referring to the dry matter.
5 Interferences and sources of errors
LOI is an empirical parameter, thus in principle there is no interference connected to the determination.
However, for some purposes the determination of LOI is used for the assessment of the content of organic
matter in the sample. It should be noted that ele
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 15935:2009
01-julij-2009
7ODEODWRRGSDGNLLQELRRGSDGNL'RORþHYDQMHåDULOQHL]JXEH
Soil, sludge, waste, and treated biowaste - Determination of loss on ignition
Schlamm, Boden, Abfall und behandelter Bioabfall - Bestimmung des Glühverlusts
Sol, boue et biodéchet traité - Détermination de la perte au feu
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15935
ICS:
13.030.01 Odpadki na splošno Wastes in general
oSIST prEN 15935:2009 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 15935:2009

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oSIST prEN 15935:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 15935
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2009
ICS

English Version
Soil, sludge, waste, and treated biowaste - Determination of loss
on ignition
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/SS S99.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15935:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 15935:2009
prEN 15935:2009 (E)
Contents
Foreword . 3
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Safety remarks . 6
5 Principle . 7
6 Interferences and sources of errors . 7
7 Apparatus . 7
7.1 Crucible . 7
7.2 Muffle furnace . 7
7.3 Metal plate . 7
7.4 Desiccator . 7
7.5 Analytical balance. 7
8 Sampling and sample pre-treatment. 8
8.1 Sampling . 8
8.2 Sample pre-treatment . 8
8.3 Sludge, sediment, soil, and waste with low content of volatiles . 8
8.4 Waste samples containing volatile substances . 9
9 Quality control . 9
10 Calculation and expression of results . 9
11 Precision data . 10
12 Test report . 10
Annex A (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility data . 11
A.1 Materials used in the interlaboratory study . 11
A.2 Interlaboratory study results . 11
A.3 Repeatability and reproducibility limits. . 11
Annex B (informative) Comparison of validation results with earlier validation studies using the same
method . 13
Bibliography . 15


2

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oSIST prEN 15935:2009
prEN 15935:2009 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 15935:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/SS S99 "Health, environment
and medical equipment - Undetermined", the secretariat of which is held by CMC.
The document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This draft standard has been prepared by the European project «Horizontal » and presented to CEN/TC BTTF 151
“Horizontal Standards in the Fields of Sludge, Biowaste, and Soil”, the secretariat of which is held by DS.
Standardisation is carried out under mandate M330 given to CEN by the European Commission, and supports
essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
The standard is part of a modular horizontal approach in which this standard belongs to the analytical step.
The results of the desk study as well as the evaluation and validation studies have been subject to discussions with
all parties concerned in the CEN structure during the development by project Horizontal. The results of these
consultations with interested parties in the CEN structure have been presented to and discussed in CEN BT/TF 151.
Based on data from interlaboratory studies and consultations with interested parties within CEN member bodies, it
has been concluded that the draft standard is acceptable for its intended use and is ready for the CEN enquiry. The
matrix “waste” was included during the entire process of development of the draft standard and is according to a
resolution by TC 292 in 2008 included in the scope of the standard.
It is recognized that standardization in the environmental field in most national standardization bodies is organized
in national standardization committees that mirror the vertical structure of technical committees in the
environmental field in CEN. The present CEN enquiry therefore asks for a special attention by the NSBs to assure
that the relevant and interested parties are consulted during the CEN enquiry, i.e. to assure that one single
consolidated enquiry reply on the draft standard can be presented by the NSB that covers the entire scope of the
draft standard.
3

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oSIST prEN 15935:2009
prEN 15935:2009 (E)
The standard is applicable and validated for several types of matrices as indicated below:
Material Validated for References:
(Type of sample, e.g. municipal sludge, compost)
Sludge Eight sludge samples EN 12879:2001 –
Characterization of sludges -
Determination of the loss on
ignition of dry mass


Two municipal sludge, Germany Horizontal Project Interlab comp.
Soil Muck soil, andosoil, garden soil, loess under EN 10694:1995 - Soil quality -
forest and sandy soil Determination of organic and total
carbon after dry combustion
(elementary analysis)
Sludge amended soil, Germany Horizontal Project Interlab comp.
Agricultural.soil, UK Horizontal Project Interlab comp.
Waste Contaminated soil, dredged sludge, nickel sludge EN 15169:2007 -
Characterization of waste -
Determination of loss on ignition
in waste, sludge and sediments

Biowaste Compost, Germany Horizontal Project Interlab comp.
Compost, Austria Horizontal Project Interlab comp.
4

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oSIST prEN 15935:2009
prEN 15935:2009 (E)
Introduction
This draft standard is one of a number of draft standards developed and validated in the European project
'Horizontal' financed by the EU commission and EU member states. The project “Horizontal” was conducted by a
European Consortium under the management by ECN, The Netherlands. This draft standard was presented by the
project Horizontal to CEN/BT TF 151 in June 2008 with a view to be formally adopted as European Standard under
CEN rules.
The standardisation by CEN is carried out on a mandate by the European Commission (Mandate M/330). The
mandate considers standards on sampling and analytical methods for hygienic and biological parameters as well
as inorganic and organic determinants. It was the aim of the initiative to develop standards that are suitable for a
wide range of environmental materials and lead to equivalent results as far as this is technically feasible.
Until now test methods determining properties of materials within the environmental area were prepared in
Technical Committees (TCs) working on specific products/matrices (soil, waste, sludge etc). However, it is
recognized that many steps in test procedures can be used in test procedures for other products/matrices. By
careful determination of these steps and selection of specific questions within these steps, elements of the test
procedure can be described in a way that can be used for more matrices and materials with certain specifications.
This optimization is in line with the development among end-users of standards. A majority of routine environmental
analyses are carried out by institutions and laboratories working under a scope which is not limited to one single
environmental matrix but covers a wide variety of matrices. Availability of standards covering more matrices
contributes to the optimization of laboratory procedures and standard maintenance costs, e.g. cost related to
accreditation and recognition.
A horizontal modular approach was developed in the project 'Horizontal'. 'Modular' means that a test standard
developed in this approach concerns a specific step in assessing a property and not the whole ” chain of
measurement” (from sampling to analyses). A beneficial feature of this approach is that “modules” can be replaced
by better ones without jeopardizing the standard “chain”.
The modules that relates to this standard are specified in section 2 - Normative references.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the loss on ignition of dry mass at 550 ºC after
the dry matter has been determined in accordance with the method of WI CSS99023.
This method applies to the determination of loss on ignition of:
 sludges, including liquid, paste-like or solid sludges;
 all types of soil samples;
 sediments;
 waste and
 treated biowaste.
NOTE The loss on ignition is often used as an estimate for the content of non-volatile organic matter in the sample. It
should be noted that inorganic substances or decomposition products (e.g. H O, CO , SO O ) are released or absorbed and
2 2 2, 2
some inorganic substances are volatile under the reaction conditions.
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2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard
only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication
referred to applies (including amendments).
CSS99031 Sludge, treated biowaste, and soils in the landscape – Sampling – Framework for the preparation and
application of a sampling plan
CSS99058 Sludge, treated biowaste, and soils in the landscape – Sampling – Part 1: Guidance on selection and
application of criteria for sampling under various conditions
CSS99057 Sludge, treated biowaste, and soils in the landscape – Sampling – Part 2: Guidance on sampling
techniques
CSS99032 Sludge, treated biowaste, and soils in the landscape – Sampling - Part 3: Guidance on sub-sampling in
the field
CSS99059 Sludge, treated biowaste, and soils in the landscape – Sampling – Part 4: Guidance on procedures for
sample packaging, storage, preservation, transport and delivery
CSS99060 Sludge, treated biowaste, and soils in the landscape – Sampling – Part 5: Guidance on the process of
defining the sampling plan
CSS99035 Soil, sludge and treated biowaste – Pre-treatment for inorganic and organic characterization
CSS99022 Soil, sludge, waste, and treated biowaste – Determination of dry matter – Gravimetric method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
loss on ignition (LOI)
change in mass as a result of heating a sample under specified conditions
NOTE The loss on ignition (LOI) is expressed as a weight percentage of the dry mass.
3.2
residue on ignition
mass remaining after heating a sample under specified conditions. The residue on ignition is expressed as a weight
percentage of the dry mass.
3.3
dry matter, w
dm
dry residue after drying according to the specified drying process. It is expressed as a percentage or in grams per
kilogram
3.4
constant mass
constant mass is reached when the change in dry mass during a further period of heating of 1 hour is within 0,5 %
(m/m) or 2 mg, whichever is the greater

4 Safety remarks
Samples of sludge, waste, bio-waste or contaminated soil are liable to ferment and may contain harmful
microorganisms. Consequently it is recommended that these samples should be handled with special care. The
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gases, which may be produced by microbiological activity, are potentially inflammable and will pressurise sealed
bottles. Exploding bottles are likely to result in infectious shrapnel and/or pathogenic aerosols.
Special measures must be taken during the ignition process to prevent contamination of the laboratory atmosphere
by flammable, explosive or toxic gasses.
5 Principle
o
A dried test sample is heated in a furnace to constant mass at (550 ± 25) C.
The difference in mass before and after the ignition process is used to calculate the loss on ignition.
The determination is performed on a dried sample or directly on the un-dried sample including a drying step or by
referring to the dry matter.
6 Interferences and sources of errors
LOI is an empirical parameter, thus in principle there is no interference connected to the determination. However,
for some purposes the determination of LOI is used for the assessment of the content of organic matter in the
sample. It should be noted that elementary carbon in the sample will be included in the loss on ignition value.
Furthermore, any volatilisation or chemical reactions of inorganic compounds will also be included in the loss on
ignition value.
NOTE 1 Chemicall
...