oSIST prEN 14944-1:2015

Influence of cementitious products on water intended for human consumption - Test methods - Part 1: Influence of migration from factory made cementitious products on the organoleptic parameters

This European Standard specifies a method to determine the influence of factory made cementitious products on the odour, flavour, colour and turbidity of test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes etc. intended to be used for the transport and storage of water for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.

Einfluss von zementgebundenen Produkten auf Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch - Prüfverfahren - Teil 1: Einfluss fabrikmäßig hergestellter zementgebundener Produkte auf organoleptische Parameter

Influence des produits à base de ciment sur l'eau destinée à la consommation humaine - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 1 : Influence sur les paramètres organoleptiques et migration de substances organiques à partir des produits fabriqués en usine

La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode permettant de déterminer l'influence des produits à base de ciment fabriqués en usine sur l'odeur, la flaveur, la couleur, la turbidité et la teneur en carbone organique total (COT) des eaux d'essai après contact avec les produits concernés.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux produits à base de ciment fabriqués en usine, tels que les revêtements intérieurs de mortier de ciment appliqués sur des tubes métalliques, des réservoirs, des tubes en béton, etc., destinés à être utilisés pour le transport et le stockage de l'eau destinée à la consommation humaine, y compris l'eau brute utilisée pour la production de l'eau potable.

Vpliv cementnih proizvodov na pitno vodo - Preskusne metode - 1. del: Vpliv industrijsko izdelanih cementnih proizvodov na organoleptične parametre

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 29-Jun-2015
• ICS: 13.060.20 - Drinking water
• ICS: 67.250 - Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs
• ICS: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
• Technical Committee: IOVO - Water supply and waste water engineering
• Current Stage: 98 - Abandoned project (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 06-Oct-2016
• Due Date: 11-Oct-2016
• Completion Date: 06-Oct-2016
• Directive: 305/2011 - Regulation (eu) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 march 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing council directive 89/106/eec
• Directive: 86/278/EEC - Protection of the environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture
• Directive: 98/79/EC - Directive 98/79/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 1998 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices
• Mandate: M/136 REV2 - Revised mandate M/136 to CEN and CENELEC concerning the execution of standardisation work for harmonised standards on construction products in contact with water intended for human consumption related to the following end use: Transportation, storage and distribution up to, and including the consumer tap of the water intended for human consumption
• Ref Project: prEN 14944-1 rev - Influence of cementitious products on water intended for human consumption - Test methods - Part 1: Influence of migration from factory made cementitious products on the organoleptic parameters

Relations

• Revised: SIST EN 14944-1:2006 - Influence of cementitious products on water intended for human consumption - Test methods - Part 1: Influence of factory made cementitious products on organoleptic parameters
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023
• Revised: SIST EN 14944-1:2006 - Influence of cementitious products on water intended for human consumption - Test methods - Part 1: Influence of factory made cementitious products on organoleptic parameters
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2015

Overview

prEN 14944-1 rev - a CEN draft for EN 14944-1 - specifies a laboratory test method to assess the influence of factory made cementitious products on water intended for human consumption. The standard covers migration testing that evaluates changes in organoleptic parameters (odour, flavour), colour, turbidity and total organic carbon (TOC) of test waters after contact with cement mortar linings, concrete pipes, tanks and similar products used for transport and storage of drinking water.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and applicability: Applicable to factory produced cementitious products (e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, concrete pipes, tanks) and relevant proxy samples.
• Preconditioning and migration: Defines a preconditioning sequence (several timed contact periods with preconditioning water) followed by sequential migration periods with test water (chlorinated and/or chlorine-free) to simulate service exposure.
• Organoleptic testing: Uses threshold odour number (TON) and threshold flavour number (TFN) procedures in line with EN 1622 and the revised prEN 1420 for odour/flavour assessment.
• Chemical analysis: Includes determination of TOC according to EN 1484 and measurement of colour and turbidity (EN ISO standards referenced).
• Sampling and test pieces: Requirements for sample selection, proxy samples, preparation (sawing/coring), S/V ratio considerations and representative curing/preconditioning of test pieces.
• Reporting and expression of results: Specifies result expression, test report content and optional extended migration periods.
• Normative references & annexes: Detailed cross-references to EN/ISO methods and normative annexes for pipes, fittings, storage systems, elevated temperature testing and test arrangements.

Practical applications and users

• Manufacturers of factory made cementitious linings and concrete products: to demonstrate compatibility with drinking water and support product declarations.
• Independent test laboratories and certification bodies: to perform standardized migration and organoleptic testing for product evaluation and certification.
• Water utilities and system designers: to select materials for pipelines, tanks and fittings that minimize taste, odour and organic contamination in potable water.
• Regulators and procurement teams: to reference harmonized test methods when setting product acceptance criteria for water supply infrastructure.

Related standards

• EN 1622 (TON/TFN), prEN 1420 (odour/flavour assessment), EN 1484 (TOC), plus EN ISO standards for turbidity, colour and chlorine determinations. prEN 14944-1 forms Part 1 of a series addressing factory-made and site‑applied cementitious materials (Parts 2–4 cover related topics).

Keywords: prEN 14944-1, EN 14944-1, cementitious products, drinking water, organoleptic parameters, TOC, migration testing, CEN.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2015
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Influence of cementitious products on water intended for human consumption - Test
methods - Part 1: Influence of migration from factory made cementitious products on the
organoleptic parameters
Einfluss von zementgebundenen Produkten auf Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch
- Prüfverfahren - Teil 1: Einfluss fabrikmäßig hergestellter zementgebundener Produkte
auf organoleptische Parameter
Influence des produits à base de ciment sur l'eau destinée à la consommation humaine -
Méthodes d'essai - Partie 1 : Influence sur les paramètres organoleptiques et migration
de substances organiques à partir des produits fabriqués en usine
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14944-1 rev
ICS:
13.060.20 Pitna voda Drinking water
67.250 Materiali in predmeti v stiku z Materials and articles in
živili contact with foodstuffs
91.100.10 Cement. Mavec. Apno. Malta Cement. Gypsum. Lime.
Mortar
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 14944-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2015
ICS 13.060.20; 67.250 Will supersede EN 14944-1:2006
English Version
Influence of cementitious products on water intended for human
consumption - Test methods - Part 1: Influence of migration from
factory made cementitious products on the organoleptic
parameters
Influence des produits à base de ciment sur l'eau destinée Einfluss von zementgebundenen Produkten auf Wasser für
à la consommation humaine - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 1 : den menschlichen Gebrauch - Prüfverfahren - Teil 1:
Influence sur les paramètres organoleptiques et migration Einfluss fabrikmäßig hergestellter zementgebundener
de substances organiques à partir des produits fabriqués en Produkte auf organoleptische Parameter
usine
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 164.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14944-1:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

prEN 14944-1:2015 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 Principle .8
5 Reagents .9
6 Apparatus . 10
7 Samples and test pieces . 12
8 Pre-treatment of samples (curing and preconditioning) . 14
9 Test procedure . 15
10 Determination of odour as TON and flavour as TFN . 15
11 Determination of colour and turbidity . 16
12 Determination of TOC and calculation of test results. 16
13 Expression of results . 17
14 Test report . 17
Annex A (normative) Additional procedures for testing factory made pipes (cement mortar lined
and concrete) . 20
Annex B (normative) Additional procedures for testing factory made fittings (cement mortar
lined and concrete) . 25
Annex C (normative) Additional procedures for testing factory made storage systems (cement
mortar, cement mortar lined and concrete) . 30
Annex D (informative) Examples of typical test pieces and test conditions as a function of S/V
ratio . 35
Annex E (informative) Test arrangements for testing factory made cementitious products . 39
Annex F (normative) Additional procedures for testing factory made cementitious products at
elevated temperature . 45
Annex G (informative) Discrimination between porous and non-porous coatings on factory made
products . 46
Annex H (informative) Schematic description of the test procedure . 48
Bibliography . 51

prEN 14944-1:2015 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 14944-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 "Water supply", the
secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 14944-1:2006.
In comparison with EN 14944-1:2006, the following changes have been made:
— provisions for testing the influence of materials on TOC have been added,
— the test method for TON /TFN according to EN 1622 has been specified according to the revised prEN 1420,
— requirements for disinfection (preconditioning with 50 mg/L Chlorine) have been removed,
— a procedure for extending the number of migration periods has been included.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association.
This document describes a test method to determine the influence(s) of factory made cementitious products on
organoleptic parameters and the migration of organic substances (TOC) in water intended for human consumption.
This European Standard will result in one of a series of standards that support appropriate standards.
This European Standard is part of a series dealing with the influence of cementitious and associated non-
cementitious products/materials on water intended for human consumption, including:
— Part 1: Influence on organoleptic parameters and migration of organic substances (TOC) from factory made
cementitious products
— Part 2: Influence of site-applied cementitious materials and associated non-cementitious products/materials on
organoleptic parameters
— Part 3: Migration of substances from factory made cementitious products.
— Part 4: Migration of substances from site-applied cementitious materials and associated non-cementitious
products/materials.
prEN 14944-1:2015 (E)
Introduction
With respect to any potential adverse effects of products and materials on the quality of water intended for human
consumption, it should be understood that relevant national regulations remain in force until verifiable European
acceptance criteria have been adopted.
prEN 14944-1:2015 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies a method to determine the influence of factory made cementitious products on
the odour, flavour, colour, turbidity and total organic carbon (TOC) of test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic
pipes, tanks, concrete pipes, etc. intended to be used for the transport and storage of water for human
consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable
for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement - Part 1: Determination of strength
prEN 1420:2014,Influence of organic materials on water intended for human consumption - Determination of odour
and flavour assessment of water in piping systems
EN 1484, Water analysis - Guidelines for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic
carbon (DOC)
EN 1622:2006, Water quality - Determination of the threshold odour number (TON) and threshold flavour number
(TFN)
EN 1015-2, Methods of test for mortar for masonry - Part 2: Bulk sampling of mortars and preparation of test
mortars
EN 1015-11, Methods of test for mortar for masonary - Part 11: Determination of flexural and compressive strength
of hardened mortar
EN 10088-1:2014, Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels
EN 12350-1, Testing fresh concrete - Part 1: Sampling
EN 12390-1, Testing hardened concrete - Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens and
moulds
EN 12390-2, Testing hardened concrete - Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests
EN 27888, Water quality - Determination of electrical conductivity (ISO 7888)
EN ISO 3696:1995, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987)
EN ISO 7027:1999, Water quality - Determination of turbidity (ISO 7027:1999)
EN ISO 7393-1, Water quality - Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine - Part 1: Titrimetric method using
N, N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (ISO 7393-1)
EN ISO 7393-2, Water quality - Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine - Part 2: Colorimetric method using
N, N-diethyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine, for routine control purposes (ISO 7393-2)
EN ISO 7887:2011, Water quality - Examination and determination of colour (ISO 7887:2011)
EN ISO 9963-2, Water quality - Determination of alkalinity - Part 2: Determination of carbonate alkalinity
(ISO 9963-2)
EN ISO 16264, Water quality - Determination of soluble silicates by flow analysis (FIA and CFA) and photometric
detection (ISO 16264)
prEN 14944-1:2015 (E)
ISO 6058, Water quality - Determination of calcium content - EDTA titrimetric method
ISO 10523, Water quality - Determination of pH
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
appropriate body
certification body, inspection body or test laboratory, as relevant to a particular requirement
3.2
cementitious product
factory made product containing a cementitious material supplied in the hardened state with a formed surface prior
to its incorporation into the construction works
3.3
cementitious material
material that contains a hydraulic cement in sufficient proportion to act as the main binder by forming a hydrate
structure which governs the performance of the material
3.4
associated non-cementitious product
product which is applied to the surface of a cementitious product, directly or indirectly, during manufacture (or
construction) and which either provides a porous seal to the product or which remains as a residue in contact with
water, e.g. porous seal coats, formwork release agents and curing compounds
3.5
porous seal coat
polymeric (usually organic) materials applied in a thin (25 μm – 200 μm thickness) surface layer to a cement mortar
lining in order to restrict (but not prevent) interactions between the mortar and conveyed water
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 16132:2004, 3.6.
3.6
proxy sample
sample of fresh mortar or fresh concrete taken from material to be used for the production of a factory made
product, either spray-applied to a laboratory test plate (mortar only) or cast into a mould (mortar or concrete) of
appropriate dimensions (e.g. standard cube, cylinder or prism, etc.) and compacted (where appropriate), cured and
hardened under conditions representative of those intended for the product
3.7
fresh concrete
concrete that is fully mixed and still in a condition capable of being compacted by the chosen method
3.8
fresh mortar
cement mortar that is fully mixed and still in a condition of being applied to a substrate by the chosen method
3.9
odour
sensation perceived by means of the olfactory organ in sniffing certain volatile substances
[SOURCE: ISO 5492:2008, 3.18]
3.10
flavour
complex combination of the olfactory, gustatory, and trigeminal sensations perceived during tasting
Note 1 to entry: The flavour may be influenced by tactile, thermal, painful and/or kinaesthetic effects.
prEN 14944-1:2015 (E)
[SOURCE: ISO 5492:2008, 3.20]
3.11
colour of water
optical property that causes the changing of the spectral composition of transmitted visible light measured at three
wavelengths
[SOURCE: EN ISO 7887:2011, 3.2]]
3.12
turbidity
reduction of transparency of a water due to the presence of undissolved matter
Note 1 to entry: See EN ISO 7027:1999, 3.1.
3.13
threshold odour number
TON
dilution ratio of the migration water with the reference water at the same temperature, beyond which this diluted
sample does not have any perceptible odour
Note 1 to entry: See EN 1622.
3.14
threshold flavour number
TFN
dilution ratio of the migration water with the reference water at the same temperature, beyond which this diluted
sample does not have any perceptible flavour
Note 1 to entry: See EN 1622.
3.15
total organic carbon
TOC
sum of organically bound carbon present in water, bonded to dissolved or suspended matter, including
cyanate,elemental carbon and thiocyanate
[SOURCE: EN 1484:1997, 3.3, modified]
3.16
testing panel
group of people meeting the relevant requirements of EN 1622
3.17
test
technical operation that consists of the determination of one or more characteristics of a given product
3.18
test procedure
specified technical method for performing a test
3.19
sample
one or more units, or a specified quantity, drawn from a batch or lot, selected at random for inspection, e.g. at the
factory or in a laboratory
3.20
test piece
the sample or portion which is to be conditioned, treated or otherwise prepared to be tested to obtain a single test
result
prEN 14944-1:2015 (E)
3.21
nominal diameter
DN/ID
DN/OD
numerical designation of the size of a component, which is a whole number approximately equal to the actual
dimensions in millimetres
Note 1 to entry: This applies to either the internal diameter (DN/ID) or the external diameter (DN/OD).
3.22
preconditioning
succession of contact periods of a test piece with the preconditioning water (3.22) before contact with the test water
3.23
preconditioning water
water used for preconditioning prepared as described in 5.3.1
3.24
reference water
water described as without odour, flavour, colour and turbidity conforming to the requirements in 5.3.2
3.25
test water
water used for testing purposes prepared as described in 5.3.3 and 5.3.4
3.26
migration water:
test water which has been in contact with a test piece under specified conditions
[SOURCE: EN 1622, 3.13]
3.27
blank water
test water which has been kept at the same specified conditions as migration water but without contact with the test
piece
3.28
tap water
drinking water distributed by a public supplier
Note 1 to entry: Tap water is used as a lubricant/coolant for the sawing and coring operations used to obtain test pieces
generally from products of large dimensions. See normative Annexes A, B and C.
3.29
demineralized water
water conforming to the requirements in EN ISO 3696:1995 for Grade 3
4 Principle
Each test piece is subjected to a specified preconditioning procedure where the surface which, in practice, will be
exposed to water intended for human consumption is brought into contact with preconditioning water during five
sequential periods: three periods of 24 h, 1 period of 72 h and a final period of 24 h.
The preconditioned test piece is then brought into contact with test water, chlorinated and/or chlorine-free during
three sequential migration periods. A migration period is either:
a) 72 h at (23 ± 2) °C for products intended to come into contact with chlorinated or chlorine-free cold water;
b) 24 h at a specified elevated temperature for products intended to come into contact with warm or hot chlorine-
free water.
prEN 14944-1:2015 (E)
After each contact period, each migration water is assessed for odour, flavour, colour, turbidity and TOC.
NOTE The selection of:
a) the appropriate test water, chlorinated and/or chlorine-free, from those made available in this European Standard,
b) the temperature of the test water,
c) the need for chlorination during preconditioning
is specified in product or system standards or in national or European regulations, as appropriate.
5 Reagents
Use only reagents of analytical quality unless otherwise stated.
5.1 Chlorine neutralization reagents
5.1.1 Ascorbic acid solution, prepared by dissolving (4,0 ± 0,1) g of ascorbic acid in one litre of reference water
(5.3.2).
This ascorbic acid solution shall be replaced on a monthly basis.
5.1.2 Sodium thiosulfate solution, comprising a solution of 3,5 g/l of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (Na S O
2 2 3
.5H O) and stored in the absence of light at a temperature below 10 °C, for a maximum of 4 months.
Sodium hypochlorite solution, prepared from a commercial solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and have a
known concentration of ± 0,1 % by mass of free chlorine determined in accordance with either EN ISO 7393-1 or
EN ISO 7393-2.
This sodium hypochlorite solution is unstable and shall be prepared on the day of use.
5.2 Sodium hypochlorite solution, prepared from a commercial solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and
have a known concentration of about 0,1 % by mass of free chlorine determined in accordance with either
EN ISO 7393-1 or EN ISO 7393-2.
This sodium hypochlorite solution is unstable and shall be prepared on the day of use.
5.3 Waters to be used for testing
5.3.1 Preconditioning water prepared by dissolving (222 ± 2) mg anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl ) and
(336 ± 2) mg sodium hydrogen-carbonate (NaHCO ) in one litre of demineralized water (3.29). The pH is
determined in accordance with ISO 10523 and adjusted to 7,4 ± 0,1 by bubbling air and/or CO into the solution.
NOTE The target total hardness is 200 mg/l as CaCO and the target alkalinity is 244 mg/l as HCO .
3 3
5.3.2 Reference water, a natural water without gas and with parameters that conform to the requirements given
in Table 1.
When a reference water is chlorinated to 1,0 mg/l free chlorine and then dechlorinated after 72 h with either the
ascorbic acid solution (5.1.1) or the sodium thiosulfate solution (5.1.2), its organoleptic parameters, odour, flavour
colour and turbidity shall conform to the requirements given in Table 1.
prEN 14944-1:2015 (E)
Table 1 — Reference water
a
Parameter Requirement Unit
Test method
Conductivity EN 27888 500 ± 50 µS/cm
pH ISO 10523 7,3 ± 0,2 pH unit
Calcium ISO 6058 80 ± 10 mg Ca/l
-
Alkalinity EN ISO 9963-2 350 ± 50 mg HCO /l
Silica EN ISO 16264 15 ± 5 mg SiO /l
Odour EN 1622 < 2 TON
Flavour EN 1622 < 2 TFN
b
Colour < 0,1 -1
EN ISO 7887 m
c
Turbidity < 0,1 FNU
EN ISO 7027
TOC EN 1484 < 0,2 mg C/l
a
Alternative methods, either calibrated against the reference methods or which have proven comparable analytical
performance, may be used.
b
See Clause 5.
c
See Clause 6.
5.3.3 Test water without chlorine content (chlorine-free), shall consist of a batch of reference water (5.3.2)
used for contact with test pieces and preparation of the blank water (3.27).
5.3.4 Test water with chlorine content (chlorinated), consisting of reference water (see 5.3.2) with a free
chlorine content of (1,0 ± 0,2) mg/l as Cl , determined in accordance with either EN ISO 7393-1 or EN ISO 7393-2,
after addition of sodium hypochlorite solution (5.2).
5.4 Cleaning liquids for apparatus
Use one of the following cleaning liquids:
— non-perfumed biodegradable detergent;
— hydrochloric acid, 2 mol/l;
— nitric acid, 10 % or 1,5 mol/l.
6 Apparatus
6.1 General
For cleaning the glassware, and appropriate apparatus, before use, the following general requirements apply:
a) Clean the glassware to be used, using detergent (5.4). Rinse the glassware in demineralized water (3.29);
b) Clean the inner surface of the glassware with hydrochloric acid (5.4) and rinse it with demineralized water. For
stainless steel, clean with nitric acid (5.4) and then rinse with demineralized water;
c) Before use, rinse the glassware, and appropriate apparatus, at least three times using preconditioning water
before preconditioning (8.3) or reference water before the test procedure (Clause 9).
prEN 14944-1:2015 (E)
6.2 Apparatus and materials for test piece preparation (see Annexes A, B and C)
6.2.1 Stainless steel plates and cylinders
6.2.1.1 Stainless steel
Stainless steel shall be austenitic, super austenitic or duplex grades in accordance with the corresponding
numerical designations, 1.4301, 1.4436, 1.4429, 1.4259 or 1.4462 in EN 10088-1:2014 for stainless steels.
NOTE The grades above are specified for the use of stainless steel as reinforcement in concrete. Therefore, they are
considered to be inert when used in contact with cementitious proxy samples (see Annexes A, B and C).
6.2.1.2 Plates
In order to provide a sufficient volume of migration water for assessment, the surface area of one face of a plate
2 2
should be between 10 000 mm and 90 000 mm . The length/width of the plates should be selected to be
consistent with the dimensions of the test container and the volume of test water in which they will be immersed.
6.2.1.3 Cylinders
The diameter and length of a cylinder should be consistent with the dimensions of the test piece (see Annexes A, B
or C and Annexes D and E) and the volume of test water appropriate to the specified S/V ratio given in 7.3.
6.2.2 Glass cylinders
The diameter and length of a glass cylinder should be consistent with the dimensions of the test piece (see
Annexes A, B or C and Annexes D and E) and the volume of test water appropriate to the specified S/V ratio given
in 7.3. Glass cylinders should be provided with suitable external (opaque) shielding for use during migration
procedures (test pieces and blanks), in order to minimize exposure of migration waters to ambient light.
6.2.3 Moulds for forming test pieces
Moulds for forming prisms of mortar shall conform to the requirements of EN 196-1, as specified for use in
EN 1015-11, or to EN 12390-1 for forming cubes/cylinders of concrete, with modifications to materials and
dimensional tolerances as specified in Annex A, B or C, as appropriate.
Clean moulds and any filling frame used with a mould, by thoroughly washing with non-perfumed detergent (5.4)
and tap water (3.28), rinsing with copious amounts of tap water, followed by a final rinse with demineralized water
(3.29) and dry before use.
If a factory made cementitious product has been formed in a process where its entire contact surface has been in
contact with a release agent and if proxy samples (3.6) are used, the same release agent shall be applied to the
internal surfaces of the mould, otherwise the use of release agents is not permitted.
6.3 Apparatus and materials for preconditioning and migration procedure
6.3.1 Vessels, containers, covers, connectors and stoppers, made of materials which do not affect the
odour, flavour, colour and turbidity assessment under the specified test conditions such as glass,
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or stainless steel.
The material PTFE should only be used if there is a small contact area with the test water. Thus PTFE is unsuitable
for containers.
6.3.2 Equipment, capable of maintaining the test temperature within ± 2°C for the duration of the test.
6.3.3 If required, sealants that do not affect the odour, flavour, colour and turbidity assessments under the
specified test conditions.
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6.4 Apparatus for odour and flavour assessment
6.4.1 Erlenmeyer and volumetric flasks, beakers, measuring cylinders, immersion tanks, volumetric
pipettes, funnels and stoppers made of glass, PTFE or stainless steel.
The material PTFE should only be used if there is a small contact area with the test water. Thus PTFE is unsuitable
for containers.
6.4.2 Testing vessels, comprising the following glassware (which shall be reserved for odour and flavour
assessment only and cleaned separately from other items): testing bottles for odour assessment and testing
glasses for flavour assessment conforming to the requirements given in EN 1622.
6.4.3 Waterbath or incubator, conforming to the requirements of EN 1622.
6.5 Apparatus for colour and turbidity assessment
6.5.1 Apparatus for the determination of colour, conforming to the requirements of EN ISO 7887:2011,
Clause 5.
6.5.2 Apparatus for the determination of turbidity, conforming to the requirements of EN ISO 7027:1999,
6.1.3.
6.6 Apparatus for the determination of TOC, conforming to the requirements of EN 1484.
6.7 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks with ground stoppers shall be used for the determination of TON and TFN for the
presentation of the dilution series to the panellists.
7 Samples and test pieces
7.1 Sampling, transport and storage of samples
Carry out sampling of factory made products in accordance with the relevant product standard, system standard or
the national or European regulations, or the relevant Annex to this European Standard, as appropriate.
Take care that the transport conditions do not influence the test results.
If it is necessary to store samples or test pieces before testing, ensure that they are protected from contamination
taking into account any written instructions that have been provided.
Where appropriate, clean storage containers using the same procedures as are used for the test containers.
Ensure that the surfaces of the test pieces intended to come into contact with the test water are free from any
contamination e.g. adhesive tape, labels, ink or pencil marks.
7.2 Preparation of test pieces
7.2.1 General
Prepare the test pieces in such a way that only the surface intended to come into contact with drinking water is
exposed to the test water except as given in Annex C (see C.1.2.3.2.1) where stainless steel plates are coated with
cement mortar on one face only prior to complete immersion during testing.
In the preparation of a test piece the following general principles apply:
a) ensure that test pieces are representative of the finished product;
b) during the preparation of test pieces, include any procedures which are performed in practice for curing and
cleaning;
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c) ensure that the minimum age of the test piece, at test, conforms to that recommended by the manufacturer for
the product to be ready for use;
d) ensure that the surface area of the test piece is sufficient to fulfil the appropriate surface area to volume (S/V)
ratio in accordance with the requirements of 7.3.
7.2.2 Factory made pipes, fittings and storage systems
Where possible, use the product or test piece as the test vessel, with dimensions that provide sufficient migration
water for assessment. In cases where this is not practicable (e.g. large pipes, storage systems etc.), and where
alternatives are specified, use as appropriate, an alternative test piece described in the relevant Annex A, B or C to
this document and an appropriate test arrangement given in Annex E.
NOTE Where it is required to discriminate between porous and non-porous coatings already applied to factory made
products, use the test procedure given in informative Annex G of this European Standard.
7.3 Surface area-to-volume ratio (S/V) for use in the test procedure
7.3.1 General
The following general principles apply for S/V ratios:
a) the surface area to volume ratio (S/V) of the test piece exposed to the test water relates to realistic service
conditions;
b) where no difference in material composition and production process exists in the range of sizes produced, only
the largest S/V ratio is required to be tested;
c) the ratio of the surface area, S, of the test piece intended to come into contact with volume, V, of the test water
-1
is expressed per decimetre, i.e. dm .
-1 2 3 2
NOTE The unit, dm , can also be expressed as dm /dm or dm /l.
7.3.2 Pipes
Test pipes of sizes up to DN/ID 800 by this method at the actual S/V ratio of the pipe diameter.
-1
The S/V ratio is calculated, in dm , according to the formula:
S/V = (1)
[DN/ID]
where
[DN/ID] (3.21) is the value of the nominal size related to the internal diameter, in mm.
-1
Test pipes of sizes greater or equal to DN/ID 800 using an S/V ratio of (0,50 ± 0,02 ) dm .
NOTE 1 See 7.3.1 (b) for the acceptable minimum requirement for testing pipes that are produced in a range of sizes.
NOTE 2 Migration from pipes full of water in the service condition is controlled by the intrinsic S/V ratio of the pipe. In the
-1
case of a pipe of diameter DN/ID 800 the intrinsic S/V ratio is 0,5 dm . This S/V ratio is the same as that specified in 7.3.4 to be
-1
a worst-case test condition for factory made cementitious storage systems. In consequence, an S/V ratio of 0,5 dm has also
been specified to be a worst-case test condition for all large diameter cementitious pipes (generally precast concrete) of
diameter greater than or equal to DN/ID 800.
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7.3.3 Fittings
Test fittings of sizes up to DN/ID 800 by this method at the actual S/V ratio of the fitting modified by a factor of 0,4.
-1
The S/V ratio is calculated, in dm , according to the formula:
S/V = 0,4× (2)
[DN/ID]
where
DN/ID (3.21) is the nominal internal diameter in mm.
-1
Test fittings of sizes greater than of equal to DN/ID 800 using an S/V ratio of (0,20 ± 0,01) dm .
NOTE 1 See 7.3.1 (b) for the acceptable minimum requirement for testing fittings that are produced in a range of sizes.
NOTE 2 Migration from fittings full of water in the service condition is controlled by the intrinsic S/V ratio of the fitting. In the
-1
case of a fitting of diameter DN/ID 800 the intrinsic S/V ratio is 0,5 dm . The factor of 0,4 in Formula (2) has been specified to
be a worst-case test condition to allow for the difference in the service condition between the small contact lengths of fittings in
comparison with those of pipes.
7.3.4 Storage systems (cement mortar, cement mortar lined or concrete)
-1
Test storage systems at an S/V ratio of (0,50 ± 0,02) dm .
-1 3
NOTE The effective limit value of 0,5 dm is the S/V ratio of a storage system of one m volume. Smaller storage systems
are unlikely to be manufactured using cementitious products. Hence, for test purposes a worst-case S/V ratio has been
specified.
8 Pre-treatment of samples (curing and preconditioning)
8.1 General
The procedures for curing cementitious products are given in 8.2.
The procedures for preconditioning and disinfection at (23 ± 2)°C are given in 8.3.
8.2 Curing
Ensure that test pieces have been subject either to the curing conditions used in manufacture of the factory made
product or, in the case of test pieces formed from proxy samples (3.6), to curing conditions that are representative
of those used in the manufacture of the factory made product (see the relevant Annex A, B or C of this document).
8.3 Preconditioning
8.3.1 General
Precondition test pieces at the appropriate S/V ratio given in 7.3.
8.3.2 Preconditioning
Fill test pieces with, or immerse them in, or otherwise bring them into contact with (see the test arrangements in
Annex E), preconditioning water (5.3.1) for a succession of five contact periods, without rinsing between contact
periods, at a temperature of (23 ± 2)°C as follows:
— three periods of (24 ± 1) h;
— one period of (72 ± 1) h;
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— one period of (24 ± 1) h.
After the fifth contact period determine the pH of the preconditioning water in accordance with ISO 10523. If the pH
exceeds 9,5 stop the testing.
9 Test procedure
9.1 General
Where testing of products is required, at 23 °C, carry out the procedures according to 9.2.
Where testing is required, at elevated temperature, carry out the procedure in accordance with Annex F.
9.2 Preparation of migration water for the assessment of odour, flavour, colour and turbidity
9.2.1 Migration procedure
Begin the first migration period immediately after preconditioning the test piece.
Immerse in, or fill with, or otherwise bring the test piece (7.2) into appropriate contact with test water (5.3.3 and/or
5.3.4) and allow to stand for (72 ± 1) h at (23 ± 2) °C. In all cases (immersion, filling or other contact arrangement),
ensure that the test piece or vessel/container is completely immersed or filled and minimize headspace in order to
minimize contact between the test piece and air, using a cover for the vessel/container.
At the end of this period, collect the migration water using appropriate sampling bottles for determination of odour,
flavour, colour, turbidity and TOC in accordance with Clauses 10, 11 and 12 respectively.
NOTE The choice of the type of test water (chlorinated and/or chlorine-free) will be specified by the product standard or
system standard or in national or European regulations, as appropriate.
9.2.2 Second and third migration periods
Repeat 9.2.1 two more times using fresh test water each time, ensuring that the test pieces are put into contact
with the same type of test water (e.g. chlorine-free) for the three successive periods.
9.2.3 Additional migration periods
Referring standards and/or national or European regulations may specify further sequential migration periods.
Reference is made to Annex H for further guidance on the sequence and number of migration periods that can be
specified.
9.3 Control samples (blank test)
For each contact period, carry out a blank test procedure using the same test conditions (test water, test
temperature, contact periods, sealants used, etc.) as described in 9.2 but omitting the test piece or replacing it by a
glass container or plate, as appropriate.
10 Determination of odour as TON and flavour as TFN
10.1 If the test has been performed with chlorinated test water, de-chlorinate the migration and blank waters with
either the ascorbic acid solution (5.1.1) or the sodium thiosulfate solution (5.1.2), in accordance with the procedure
of EN 1622:2006, Annex A.
10.2 Determine the TON and TFN of each water sample (blank and migration waters) in accordance with
EN 1622, using a ratio x = 2 for the concentrations of the successive dilutions. Paired series of dilutions (200 ml
each) shall be presented in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks (6.7).The unforced choice test shall be performed using a
minimum of 5 panellists. Not more than 5 panellists shall use the same series of successive dilutions for the TON
determination.
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10.3 When carrying out the determination of TON at least three additional dilutions shall be presented to the
panellist either side of the detected TON. For example: The panel determines an average of TON = 8. The
individual member may have determined a value in the range from 2 – 32. In this case the dilutions 1, 2, 4, 8, 16,
32 and 64 will need to be presented to the panel. 1 and 64 are necessary to ensure that no panellist determines a 1
or a 64 dilution.
10.4 The testing panel shall be qualified and monitored according to prEN 1420-1:2014, Annex C.
It is recommended that a panel coordinator is nominated. This person should be responsible for the qualification of
the panellists and the check of the reliability of the determined results.
10.5 If at the end of the migration period, the blank water acquires a perceptible odour and/or flavour then the test
is invalid and the test shall be repeated with new test pieces.
11 Determination of colour and turbidity
Determine colour and turbidity of each migration water and blank water after each contact period in accordance
with EN ISO 7887:2011, Clause 5 for colour and EN ISO 7027:1999, Clause 6 for turbidity.
At the end of the migration procedure, if the blank water does not conform to the specification for colour and
turbidity in 5.3.2, consider the test invalid and repeat the entire procedure using new test pieces.
12 Determination of TOC and calculation of test results
12.1 Determination of TOC
Determine TOC of each migration water and blank water after each contact period in accordance with EN 1484.
At the end of the migration procedure, if the blank water does not conform to the specification for TOC in 5.3.2,
consider the test invalid and repeat the entire procedure using new test pieces.
12.2 Calculation of test results
12.2.1 Calculation of TOC in the migration water
Calculate for each migration water the TOC value as follows:
T T T
c = a − b (2)
n n n
where
T
c is the TOC in mg/l;
n
T
a is the TOC measured in the migration water in mg/l;
n
T
b is the TOC measured in the blank water in mg/l.
n
For the conditions
T is the test temperature;
n is the sequence number of the migration period.
NOTE The migration of substances into water depends on the type of material and the migration conditions: temperature,
contact time, S/V ratio and whether the water is static or flowing. For static test conditions and constant temperature, the
increase in the concentration of the substance in the test water is asymptotic. However, for practical purposes the increase with
time is assumed to be linear.
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12.2.2 Calculation of the migration rate
T T
Calculate for each migration water the migration rate M from the concentration c as follows:
n n
T
c
T n
M =  (3)
n
(S/V .t)
where
T -2 -1
M is the migration rate for n migration period n, in mg.dm .day ;
n
t is the duration of the migration period in days i.e. three days ((72 ± 1) h) for (23 ± 2) °C;
-1
S/V is the surface area-to-volume ratio in dm .
12.2.3 Calculation of the mean migration rate
T T
Calculate the arithmetic mean migration rate M for replicate values of M for each test water (5.3.3 and 5.3.4).
n
n
13 Expression of results
Express the results for each contact period:
— as a threshold odour number (TON) and a threshold flavour number (TFN) in accordance with EN 1622;
-1
— as a spectral absorption coefficient, in m , at three wavelengths for colour in accordance with
EN ISO 7887:2011, Clause 5;
— in units of FNU for turbidity in accordance with EN ISO 7027:1999, Clause 6;
-1
— in mg.l for TOC in accordance with EN 1484.
14 Test report
14.1 General
The test report shall include the following information.
14.2 General information
a) Date of issue;
b) name and address of testing laboratory and location where the test was carried out when different from the
address of the testing laboratory;
c) unique identification of report (such as serial number) and of each page, and total number of pages;
d) name and address of client;
e) description and identification of the sample/test piece;
f) a signature and title or equivalent marking of person(s) accepting technical responsibility for the test report and
date of issue;
g) a statement to the effect that the test results relate only to the test piece(s) tested;
h) a statement that the report shall not be reproduced except in full without the written approval of the testing
laboratory.
prEN 14944-1:2015 (E)
14.3 Information on the product
a) Trade name or designation of the factory made/manufactured product;
b) complete identification and date of receipt of sample/test piece;
c) details of the test piece preparation;
d) the name of the manufacturer for the product, the place of manufacture and date and, where relevant, the
body submitting the sample and, where relevant, the body responsible for preparing the samples/test pieces;
e) description of sampling procedure, where relevant.
14.4 Information on the test procedure
a) Reference to this Europea
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