SIST EN 13445-6:2014
(Main)Unfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
EN 13445-6 specifies requirements for the design, materials, manufacturing and testing of pressure vessels and pressure vessel parts intended for use with a maximum allowable pressure, PS, equal or less than 100 bar and shell wall thicknesses not exceeding 60 mm, which are constructed of ferritic or austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron. The thickness limitation of the shell does not apply to thickness of flanges, reinforcements, bosses etc. The allowable grades do not include lamellar graphite cast iron grades for ferritic and austenitic grades, which are explicitly excluded from this European Standard because of low elongation and brittle material behaviour, which requires the use of different safety factors and a different approach.
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 6: Anforderungen an die Konstruktion und Herstellung von Druckbehältern und Druckbehälterteilen aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit
Diese Europäische Norm legt Anforderungen an Konstruktion, Werkstoffe, Herstellung und Prüfung von Druckbehältern und Druckbehälterteilen aus ferritischem oder austenitischem Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit fest, die für den Betrieb mit einem maximalen zulässigen Druck PS gleich oder kleiner als 100 bar und einer maximalen Wanddicke von 60 mm vorgesehen sind. Die Grenzwerte für die Schalenwanddicke gelten nicht für die Dicke von Flanschen, Verstärkungen, Nocken usw.
Zu den zulässigen Sorten gehören keine ferritischen und austenitischen Gusseisensorten mit Lamellengraphit, die aufgrund ihrer nicht ausreichenden Dehnungs- und Sprödbrucheigenschaften von dieser Europäischen Norm ausdrücklich ausgeschlossen sind, da für sie die Verwendung anderer Sicherheitsbeiwerte und ein anderer Ansatz erforderlich sind.
ANMERKUNG 1 Austenitische Gusseisensorten mit Kugelgraphit werden hauptsächlich für Anwendungsfälle in hohen und niedrigen Temperaturbereichen und aufgrund ihrer Korrosionsbeständigkeit eingesetzt.
ANMERKUNG 2 Die zulässigen Gusseisensorten mit Kugelgraphit sind in den Tabellen 3 und 4 aufgelistet. Die Betriebsbedingungen sind in Abschnitt 4 angegeben.
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 6 : exigences pour la conception et la fabrication des récipients sous pression et des parties sous pression moulés en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les prescriptions relatives à la conception, aux matériaux, à la fabrication et aux essais des récipients sous pression et de leurs parties sous pression, destinés à être utilisés à une pression maximale admissible, PS, inférieure ou égale à 100 bar et d’épaisseur de paroi de la coque ne dépassant pas 60 mm, fabriqués en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal ferritique ou austénitique. La limite d'épaisseur de la coque ne s'applique pas à l'épaisseur des brides, renforcements, bossages, etc.
Les nuances admises n'incluent pas les nuances de fonte à graphite lamellaire qui sont explicitement exclues de la présente Norme européenne du fait d'un faible allongement et d'un comportement de matériau fragile, nécessitant l'application de coefficients de sécurité différents et d'une approche différente.
NOTE 1 Les nuances de fonte à graphite sphéroïdal austénitique sont utilisées principalement pour les applications à basse température et à température élevée, ainsi que pour leurs propriétés de résistance à la corrosion.
NOTE 2 Les nuances admises de fonte à graphite sphéroïdal sont énumérées dans les Tableaux 3 et 4. Les conditions de service sont données à l'Article 4.
Neogrevane tlačne posode - 6. del: Zahteve za konstruiranje in proizvodnjo tlačnih posod in tlačnih delov posode iz nodularne litine
Standard EN 13445-6 določa zahteve za konstruiranje, materiale, proizvodnjo in preskušanje tlačnih posod in tlačnih delov posod, namenjenih uporabi z najvišjim dovoljenim tlakom, ki je enak ali manjši od 100 barov, ter z debelinami stene lupine, ki ne presegajo 60 mm, ki so izdelani iz feritnih ali avstenitnih nodularnih litin. Omejitev debeline lupine se ne uporablja za debelino prirobnic, armatur, glav itd. Dovoljeni razredi ne zajemajo razredov lamelarnih železovih litin za feritne in avstenitne razrede, ki so izrecno izključeni iz tega evropskega standarda zaradi majhnega podaljšanja ter obnašanja krhkega materiala, ki zahteva uporabo drugačnih varnostnih dejavnikov in drugačnega pristopa.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 6: Anforderungen an die Konstruktion und Herstellung von Druckbehältern und Druckbehälterteilen aus Gusseisen mit KugelgraphitRécipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 6 : exigences pour la conception et la fabrication des récipients sous pression et des parties sous pression moulés en fonte à graphite sphéroïdalUnfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron77.140.01Železni in jekleni izdelki na splošnoIron and steel products in general23.020.30MHNOHQNHPressure vessels, gas cylindersICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13445-6:2014SIST EN 13445-6:2014en,fr,de01-november-2014SIST EN 13445-6:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13445-6:20091DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 13445-6:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13445-6
September 2014 ICS 23.020.30 Supersedes EN 13445-6:2009English Version
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 6: Exigences pour la conception et la fabrication des récipientssous pression et des parties sous pression moulés en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 6: Anforderungen an die Konstruktion und Herstellung von Druckbehältern und Druckbehälterteilen aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 August 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13445-6:2014 ESIST EN 13445-6:2014
EN 13445-6:2014 (E)
Issue 1 (2014-09) 2 Contents Page Foreword .5 1 Scope .7 2 Normative references .7 3 Terms, definitions, units and symbols .8 3.1 Terms and definitions .8 3.2 Units .9 3.3 Symbols .9 3.4 Inter-relation of thicknesses definitions .11 4 Service conditions .11 4.1 Cyclic loading .11 4.2 Limitations on temperature and energy content .12 5 Requirements .12 5.1 Materials .12 5.2 Design .14 5.2.1 Technical documentation .14 5.2.2 Design methods .14 5.3 Founding .20 5.3.1 General .20 5.3.2 Welding .20 6 Material testing .20 6.1 General .20 6.2 Frequency and number of tests .20 6.3 Chemical analysis .20 6.4 Graphite structure.21 6.5 Inspection documents .21 7 Testing and final assessment .21 7.1 Testing .21 7.1.1 General .21 7.1.2 Testing requirements for CQ = 0,8 .21 7.1.3 Testing requirements for CQ = 0,9 .21 7.1.4 Surface imperfections .22 7.1.5 Cracks, laps, cold shut and non-fused chaplets .23 7.1.6 Ultrasonic testing and/or sectioning .23 7.1.7 Magnetic particle testing (only for ferritic grades) .23 7.1.8 Penetrant testing .23 7.1.9 Radiographic testing .23 7.1.10 Surface roughness .24 7.1.11 Minimum wall thickness .24 7.1.12 Wall thickness tolerances .24 7.1.13 Other dimensions .24 7.1.14 Qualification of testing personnel .24 7.2 Final assessment .24 7.2.1 General .24 7.2.2 Hydraulic test pressure .24 8 Pressure vessels constructed of a combination of parts in different materials .25 9 Marking and documentation .25 9.1 Marking of castings .25 9.2 Name plate for the complete pressure vessel .25 9.3 Documentation .25 SIST EN 13445-6:2014
EN 13445-6:2014 (E)
Issue 1 (2014-09) 3 Annex A (normative)
Technical data for the design calculations . 26 A.1 Purpose. 26 A.2 Technical data . 26 A.2.1 Ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron according to EN 1563:1997 . 26 A.2.2 Austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron according to EN 13835:2002 . 27 Annex B (informative)
Ductility . 28 Annex C (informative)
Determination of the minimum local wall thickness and minimum required burst test pressure . 29 Annex D (normative)
Assessment of fatigue life . 30 D.1 Purpose. 30 D.2 Specific definitions . 30 D.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations . 30 D.4 Limitations . 31 D.5 General. 31 D.6 Simplified fatigue assessment . 31 D.6.1 Pseudo-elastic stress range . 31 D.6.2 Correction factors . 32 D.6.3 Fatigue design curves . 32 D.6.4 Allowable number of cycles . 38 D.6.5 Allowable stress range . 38 D.7 Detailed fatigue assessment . 38 D.7.1 Pseudo-elastic stress ranges . 38 D.7.2 Corrections to stress range . 39 D.7.3 Fatigue design curves . 40 D.7.4 Allowable number of cycles . 41 D.7.5 Allowable stress range . 42 D.8 Assessment rule for total fatigue damage . 42 D.9 Repairs of surface imperfections . 42 Annex E (normative)
Design by analysis for castings . 43 E.1 Introduction . 43 E.2 Special requirements to EN 13445-3:2014, Annex B . 43 E.2.1 Addition to B.8.2.3: Design checks for normal operating load cases . 43 E.2.2 Addition to B.8.2.4: Design checks for testing load cases . 43 E.3 Additions to EN 13445-3:2014, Annex C . 43 E.4 Requirements . 44 Annex F (informative)
Recommandations for in-service validation and inspection . 45 F.1 Purpose. 45 F.2 Tests during operation . 45 F.3 Measures to be taken when the calculated allowable fatigue lifetime has been reached . 46 F.3.1 General. 46 F.3.2 Testing of vessels and pressure parts at end of life without indicated damages . 46 F.3.3 Hydraulic testing of vessels and vessel parts with indicated damages . 46 Annex G (normative)
Specific design requirements . 47 G.1 Scope . 47 G.2 Design . 47 G.2.1 General. 47 G.2.2 Cover thickness, pressure to convex side . 48 G.2.3 Pressure to concave side . 48 G.2.4 Flange thickness . 48 Annex H (normative)
Experimental cyclic pressure testing procedure . 49 H.1 Purpose. 49 H.2 Validity . 49 H.3 Tests requirements . 49 H.3.1 General. 49 H.3.2 Number of parts . 49 H.3.3 Procedure . 49 SIST EN 13445-6:2014
EN 13445-6:2014 (E)
Issue 1 (2014-09) 4 H.3.4 Material tests .51 H.4 Allowable number of cycles .51 Annex Y (informative)
History of EN 13445-6 .53 Y.1 Differences between EN 13445-6:2009 and EN 13445-6:2014 .53 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of the EU Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC .54 Bibliography .55
SIST EN 13445-6:2014
EN 13445-6:2014 (E)
Issue 1 (2014-09) 5 Foreword This document (EN 13445-6:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This European Standard consists of the following Parts: Part 1: General Part 2: Materials Part 3: Design Part 4: Fabrication Part 5: Testing and Inspection Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
CR 13445-7, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 7: Guidance on the use of conformity assessment procedures Part 8: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron. CEN/TR 13445-9, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 9: Conformance of EN 13445 series to ISO 16528 Although these Parts may be obtained separately, it should be recognised that the Parts are inter-dependant. As such the manufacture of unfired pressure vessels requires the application of all the relevant Parts in order for the requirements of the Standard to be satisfactorily fulfilled. Corrections to the standard interpretations where several options seem possible are conducted through the Migration Help Desk (MHD). Information related to the Help Desk can be found at http://www.unm.fr (en13445@unm.fr). A form for submitting questions can be downloaded from the link to the MHD website. After subject experts have agreed an answer, the answer will be communicated to the questioner. Corrected pages will be given specific issue number and issued by CEN according to CEN Rules. Interpretation sheets will be posted on the website of the MHD. This document supersedes EN 13445-6:2009. This new edition incorporates the Amendments which have been approved previously by CEN members, and the corrected pages up to Issue 5 without any further technical change. Annex Y provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition. SIST EN 13445-6:2014
EN 13445-6:2014 (E)
Issue 1 (2014-09) 6 Amendments to this new edition may be issued from time to time and then used immediately as alternatives to rules contained herein. It is intended to deliver a new Issue of EN 13445:2014 each year, starting with the present document as Issue 1, consolidating these Amendments and including other identified corrections. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 13445-6:2014
EN 13445-6:2014 (E)
Issue 1 (2014-09) 7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements for the design, materials, manufacturing and testing of pressure vessels and pressure vessel parts intended for use with a maximum allowable pressure, PS, equal or less than 100 bar and shell wall thicknesses not exceeding 60 mm, which are constructed of ferritic or austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron. The thickness limitation of the shell does not apply to thickness of flanges, reinforcements, bosses etc. The allowable grades do not include lamellar graphite cast iron grades for ferritic and austenitic grades, which are explicitly excluded from this European Standard because of low elongation and brittle material behaviour, which requires the use of different safety factors and a different approach. NOTE 1 Austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron grades are principally used for high and low temperature applications and for their corrosion resistance properties. NOTE 2 The allowable grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron are listed in Tables 3 and Tables 4. Service conditions are given in Clause 4. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 764-2:2012, Pressure equipment — Part 2: Quantities, symbols and units EN 764-5:2002, Pressure equipment — Part 5: Compliance and inspection documentation of materials EN 837-1:1996, Pressure gauges — Part 1: Bourdon tube pressure gauges — Dimensions, metrology, requirements and testing EN 837-3:1996, Pressure gauges — Part 3: Diaphragm and capsule pressure gauges — Dimensions, metrology, requirements and testing EN 1369:2012, Founding — Magnetic particle testing EN 1370:2011, Founding — Examination of surface condition EN 1371-1:2011, Founding — Liquid penetrant testing — Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings EN 1559-1:2011, Founding — Technical conditions of delivery — Part 1: General EN 1559-3:2011, Founding — Technical conditions of delivery — Part 3: Additional requirements for iron castings EN 1563:1997, EN 1563:1997/A1:2002, EN 1563:1997/A2:2005, Founding — Spheroidal graphite cast irons EN 12680-3:2011, Founding — Ultrasonic testing — Part 3: Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings. EN 12681:2003, Founding — Radiographic examination EN 13445-1:2014, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 1: General EN 13445-3:2014, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 3: Design EN 13445-5:2014, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 5: Inspection and testing SIST EN 13445-6:2014
EN 13445-6:2014 (E)
Issue 1 (2014-09) 8 EN 13835:2002, EN 13835/A1:2006, Founding — Austenitic cast irons EN ISO 945-1:2008, Microstructure of cast irons — Part 1: Graphite classification by visual analysis (ISO 945-1:2008) EN ISO 8062-1:2007, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional and geometrical tolerances for moulded parts — Part 1: Vocabulary (ISO 8062-1:2007) EN ISO 8062-3:2007, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional and geometrical tolerances for moulded parts — Part 3: General dimensional and geometrical tolerances and machining allowances for castings (ISO 8062-3:2007) 3 Terms, definitions, units and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 critical zone highly stressed area where a fracture is expected to occur in a burst test or where surface fatigue cracks are expected to be initiated due to fluctuating pressure loads Note 1 to entry: Critical zones may occur, for example, by any of the following: sudden change in cross section; sharp edges; sharp radii; peak stresses; bending stresses; stresses due to other than membrane stress; changes in curvature. Note 2 to entry:
A critical zone is analysed by any appropriate method, e.g. holographic, interferometric, strain gauge methods, burst test, fatigue testing, FEM analysis etc. Note 3 to entry:
Additionally, thermal gradients and thermal stresses due to different operating wall temperatures need to be considered in defining critical zones. 3.1.2 purchaser individual or organisation that buys pressure equipment, including assemblies or
parts, for its own use or on behalf of the user and/or operator
3.1.3 manufacturer individual or organisation responsible for the design, fabrication, testing, inspection, installation of pressure equipment and assemblies where relevant Note 1 to entry: The manufacturer may subcontract one or more of the above mentioned tasks under its responsibility. SIST EN 13445-6:2014
EN 13445-6:2014 (E)
Issue 1 (2014-09) 9 Note 2 to entry: In EU member states the manufacturer is responsible for compliance with the Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC. For those manufacturers outside of the EU their authorized representative inside the EU assumes this responsibility. 3.1.4 casting manufacturer subcontractor that produces the castings used in the manufacture of pressure equipment 3.1.5 testing factor
A reduction factor applied to the nominal design stress to take account of possible manufacturing deficiencies 3.1.6 temperature factor A reduction factor applied to the 0,2 % proof strength to take account of temperature influence 3.1.7 wall thickness factor a reduction factor applied to the nominal design stress to take account of reduced mechanical properties 3.1.8 ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron cast material, iron and carbon based (carbon being present mainly in the form of spheroidal graphite particles) with a predominantly ferritic matrix 3.1.9 austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron cast material with an austenitic matrix which is iron and carbon based and alloyed with nickel and manganese, copper and/or chromium in order to stabilize the austenitic structure at room temperature 3.2 Units For the purposes of this European Standard, the units given in EN 764-2:2012 apply. 3.3 Symbols Symbols used in this European Standard are listed in Table 3.3-1. SIST EN 13445-6:2014
EN 13445-6:2014 (E)
Issue 1 (2014-09) 10 Table 3.3-1 — Symbols Symbol Quantity Unit c Corrosion allowance mm e Required thickness mm ea Analysis thickness
mm eact Actual thickness mm emin Minimum thickness as specified on drawing mm E Modulus of elasticity MPa f Nominal design stress
MPa F Fatigue factor related to 99,8 % survival _ Pb,act Actual burst test pressure MPaa
Pb Mi
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