SIST EN 14274:2003
(Main)Automotive fuels - Assessment of petrol and diesel quality - Fuel quality monitoring system (FQMS)
Automotive fuels - Assessment of petrol and diesel quality - Fuel quality monitoring system (FQMS)
This European Standard describes a fuel quality monitoring system (FQMS) for assessing the quality of petrol and automotive diesel fuel marketed in any of the Member States within the European Community.
Some basic background ideas behind the FQMS are given in annex A.
Since the specifications for automotive fuels contain climatic related requirements, the FQMS is run twice a year, once during the winter period and once during the summer period. Information about the dates for the summer and winter periods in a specific country are defined in the country's national annex to EN 228 and EN 590. Fuel samples taken during transition periods shall not be included in the FQMS.
For the purposes of this FQMS, grades of petrol that constitute less than 10% of the total amount of petrol dis-pensed in any one country, and grades of automotive diesel fuels that constitute less than 10% of the total amount of automotive diesel fuel dispensed in any country may require separate handling as described in clause 5 of this European Standard.
Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Ermittlung der Qualität von Ottokraftstoff und Dieselkraftstoff - System zum Kraftstoffqualitätsnachweis (FQMS)
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein System zur Überprüfung der Kraftstoff-Qualität (FQMS) fest für Ottokraftstoffe und Dieselkraftstoffe, die in einem der europäischen Mitgliedstaaten innerhalb der Europäischen Gemeinschaft in den Markt gebracht werden.
Einige dem FQMS zugrunde liegende Annahmen sind im Anhang A aufgeführt.
Da die Anforderungsnormen für Kraftstoffe klima-abhängige Anforderungen enthalten, ist das FQMS zweimal im Jahr durchzuführen, einmal im Winter-Zeitraum (siehe 3.7) und einmal im Sommer-Zeitraum (siehe 3.6). Information über Beginn und Ende dieser Zeiträume in einem bestimmten Land sind im jeweiligen Nationalen Anhang von EN 228 und EN 590 des jeweiligen Landes festgelegt. Kraftstoffproben, welche in den Übergangszeiten gezogen wurden, sind nicht in das FQMS einzubeziehen.
Für die Anwendung des FQMS auf Ottokraftstoff-Sorten mit weniger als 10 % des im Land vertriebenen Ottokraftstoffes und für Dieselkraftstoff-Sorten für Kraftfahrzeuge mit weniger als 10 % Marktanteil des im Land vertriebenen Dieselkraftstoffes kann, wie in Abschnitt 5 dieser Europäischen Norm beschrieben, eine gesonderte Behandlung erforderlich sein.
Carburants pour automobiles - Evaluation de la qualité de l'essence et du carburant pour moteur diesel (gazole) - Systeme de suivi de la qualité des carburants (FQMS)
La présente Norme européenne prescrit un schéma de suivi de la qualité des carburants (FQMS) destiné a évaluer la qualité de l'essence et du combustible pour moteur diesel (gazole) mis sur le marché dans tout pays membre de l'Union Européenne.
Puisque les spécifications des carburants pour automobiles comportent des exigences liées au climat, le FQMS doit etre mis en ?uvre deux fois par an, une fois durant la période hivernale et une fois durant la période estivale. Les informations relatives aux dates des périodes d'hiver et d'été dans un pays donné doivent etre tirées de l'Annexe Nationale correspondante y afférente dans les normes EN 228 et EN 590.
Pour les besoins du FQMS, les grades d'essence qui constituent moins de 10 % de la quantité totale d'essence mise sur le marché d'un pays, et les grades de combustible pour moteur diesel (gazole) qui constituent moins de 10 % de la quantité totale de combustible pour moteur diesel (gazole) mise sur le marché d'un pays, peuvent nécessiter des opérations séparées, comme indiqué a l'article 5 de la présente Norme européenne.
Goriva za motorna vozila – Ocena kakovosti motornih bencinov in dizelskih goriv – Monitoring kakovosti goriv (FQMS)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 14274:2003
01-november-2003
Goriva za motorna vozila – Ocena kakovosti motornih bencinov in dizelskih goriv –
Monitoring kakovosti goriv (FQMS)
Automotive fuels - Assessment of petrol and diesel quality - Fuel quality monitoring
system (FQMS)
Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Ermittlung der Qualität von Ottokraftstoff und
Dieselkraftstoff - System zum Kraftstoffqualitätsnachweis (FQMS)
Carburants pour automobiles - Evaluation de la qualité de l'essence et du carburant pour
moteur diesel (gazole) - Systeme de suivi de la qualité des carburants (FQMS)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14274:2003
ICS:
75.160.20 7HNRþDJRULYD Liquid fuels
SIST EN 14274:2003 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 14274:2003
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SIST EN 14274:2003
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 14274
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2003
ICS 75.160.20
English version
Automotive fuels - Assessment of petrol and diesel quality - Fuel
quality monitoring system (FQMS)
Carburants pour automobiles - Evaluation de la qualité de Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Ermittlung der Qualität von
l'essence et du carburant pour moteur diesel (gazole) - Ottokraftstoff und Dieselkraftstoff - System zum
Système de suivi de la qualité des carburants (FQMS) Kraftstoffqualitätsnachweis (FQMS)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 July 2003.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14274:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 14274:2003
EN 14274:2003 (E)
Contents
page
Foreword.3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and definitions.4
4 Information required to set up the FQMS.6
5 Setting up the FQMS.6
6 Procedure .9
7 Final report .9
Annex A (informative) Establishing the number of samples to be taken .11
A.1 Basic criteria.11
A.2 Precision.11
Annex B (normative) Acceptance criteria for laboratories to be used in the FQMS.12
B.1 Assessment of the Laboratory .12
B.2 Member of an inter-laboratory correlation scheme.12
B.3 Review of inter-laboratory correlation scheme test results .12
Annex C (informative) FQMS Design - Using models A, B, C .13
C.1 Model A (Example Italy).13
C.2 Model B (Example Germany) .14
C.3 Model C (Example Luxembourg).16
Annex D (normative) Process flowchart .17
Annex E (normative) Reporting formats for the final report.19
E.1 Introduction .19
E.2 General section .19
E.3 Analytical section .19
E.4 Macro Region Approach .23
Bibliography .24
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SIST EN 14274:2003
EN 14274:2003 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 14274:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 19, "Petroleum products,
lubricants and related products", the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by February 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by February 2004.
Annexes B, D and E are normative. Annexes A and C are informative.
For relationship with EU Directives, see the Bibliography section, which is an integral part of this document.
This European Standard, which makes use of statistical reasoning, describes a fuel quality monitoring system
(FQMS) which may be applied to assess quality of fuels being marketed in a European Member State in relation to
the European Directive 98/70/EC [1]. For the purpose of this European Standard, each European Member State is
regarded as the smallest unit for which the results of the monitoring system are representative.
Therefore, this European Standard cannot be used without considerable adjustment for the representative
monitoring of fuel quality in a specific region nor for a specific distribution chain nor for policing purposes, as the
statistical reasoning, which forms the basis for this European Standard, may not be valid for these purposes. The
required adjustments for an extension of the monitoring system are rather complex. They are beyond the scope of
this European Standard and are therefore not included here. The provisions in this European Standard may,
however, in principle be extended to allow for additional purposes.
For several specific parameters, the European fuel specifications in EN 228 and EN 590 request that each country
selects limiting values from a given set of values and specifies these country specific limiting values in the
corresponding normative annex to EN 228 and EN 590 in order to adjust for geographic and climatic factors. These
values may differ from country to country. Therefore, for these specific parameters, also the results obtained in this
monitoring system will differ from country to country.
The minimum number of samples that are to be drawn is based on the information and comprehensive statistical
analysis available at the time of publication of this European Standard. A statistical explanation on how the different
statistical models and minimum samples numbers were achieved will be added as an informative annex to this
document at a later stage. As more information becomes available, the number of samples required may change.
For this reason this European Standard will be reviewed from time to time.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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SIST EN 14274:2003
EN 14274:2003 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard describes a fuel quality monitoring system (FQMS) for assessing the quality of petrol and
automotive diesel fuel marketed in any of the Member States within the European Community.
Some basic background ideas behind the FQMS are given in annex A.
Since the specifications for automotive fuels contain climatic related requirements, the FQMS is run twice a year,
once during the winter period and once during the summer period. Information about the dates for the summer and
winter periods in a specific country are defined in the country's national annex to EN 228 and EN 590. Fuel
samples taken during transition periods shall not be included in the FQMS.
For the purposes of this FQMS, grades of petrol that constitute less than 10% of the total amount of petrol dis-
pensed in any one country, and grades of automotive diesel fuels that constitute less than 10% of the total amount
of automotive diesel fuel dispensed in any country may require separate handling as described in clause 5 of this
European Standard.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only
when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred
to applies (including amendments).
EN 228, Automotive fuels – Unleaded petrol – Requirements and test methods
EN 590, Automotive fuels – Diesel – Requirements and test methods
EN 14275, Automotive fuels - Assessment of petrol and diesel fuel quality - Sampling from retail site pumps and
commercial site fuel dispensers
EN ISO 4259, Petroleum products – Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test
(ISO 4259:1992/Cor 1:1993)
EN ISO/IEC 17025:2000, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC
17025:1999)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1
fuel grade
specific automotive fuel quality of petrol or of diesel fuel for which there exists a separate specification in:
a) European Directive 98/70/EC [1] and in updates thereof; or
b) national implementations of EN 228 and EN 590; or
c) other national automotive fuel standards
3.1.2
parent fuel grade
fuel grade that corresponds to the specification of Directive 98/70/EC [1] or to the specifications in the national
annex of the appropriate EN standard, and to which nationally defined fuel grades shall be referred
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SIST EN 14274:2003
EN 14274:2003 (E)
NOTE European Directive 98/70/EC requires that every separate nationally defined fuel grade should comply with one
specification as defined in the Directive. Therefore, for each nationally defined fuel grade, there will be a corresponding
European parent fuel grade. The most widely marketed grades in Europe are Unleaded 91, 95, 98 RON petrol, 98 lead
replacement petrol, 98 RON leaded petrol and diesel. See also the example discussed in clause 5.4.2.
3.2
country size
size of a country in relation to the total amount of dispensed fuel in that country
3.2.1
small-size country
country in which a total of 15 millions tons or less of automotive fuel is dispensed per annum
3.2.2
large-size country
country in which a total of more than 15 millions tons of automotive fuel is dispensed per annum
3.3
fuel dispensing site
site, retail or commercial, where fuel is dispensed into road vehicles for propulsion
3.3.1
retail site
site where the general public can purchase automotive fuel
3.3.2
commercial site
site that is not open to the general public but where automotive fuel is dispensed
3.4
model
design of the FQMS based on a number of different statistical, administrative or logistic criteria
3.5
sample size
minimum number of samples required to be analysed in one country to make the results of the monitoring system
representative for that country
NOTE A country may, at its own discretion, use more than the minimum number of samples, but not less.
3.6
summer period
period of the year as given in EN 228 and EN 590, or in the national annexes of these European standards
3.7
winter period
period of the year as given in EN 228 and EN 590, or in the national annexes of these European standards
3.8
macro regions
specific grouping of geographical or political regions within a country formed for efficient design of the FQMS
NOTE see also 5.5.
3.9
variability factor
factor, not exceeding a value of 10, designed to describe the variability in fuel supply in a specific macro region,
which takes account of the number of different fuel sources (petrol or diesel fuel) that distribute fuel in a macro
region, and come from refineries located in it and/or from terminals that receive the fuel from a refinery located
outside the macro region
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EN 14274:2003 (E)
4 Information required to set up the FQMS
4.1 General
The information specified in this clause as a requirement for setting up the FQMS is basically divided into two sets.
The first set, described in clause 4.2, specifies the requirement for a working list which contains all the locations
from which samples are to be drawn. The second set, described in clauses 4.3 to 4.6, specifies the need for
information about how the dispensed fuel volumes are distributed across the country. This information is needed in
order to make the results of the FQMS representative for the whole country. The information in clauses 4.3 to 4.6
should be applied in a step-wise fashion with decreasing preference in the listed order, depending on the data
available in the Member State.
4.2 Requirement for a working list
A list of retail sites (3.3.1) and commercial sites (3.3.2) where automotive fuels are dispensed. This list shall contain
information about the region (see 5.2) in which the site is located. This list shall be updated each year.
NOTE The retail sites may be further subdivided into main oil company sites, super-/hypermarket sites and independently
owned sites, provided that all necessary information detailed elsewhere in this European standard is available.
4.3 Amounts and regional distribution of automotive fuel dispensed
NOTE Depending on the complexity of the FQMS to be used, the amounts of fuel dispensed on a regional basis could be
required.
4.3.1 Total amount of automotive fuel dispensed in the whole country, including regional distribution, if available
4.3.2 Total amount of each grade of petrol dispensed in the whole country, including regional distribution, if avail-
able
4.3.3 Total amount of diesel fuel dispensed.
4.4 Sources of the fuel and its supply and distribution patterns, if applicable
4.5 Population size and regional distribution, if applicable
4.6 Number of vehicles and their regional distribution, if applicable
4.7 List of accredited laboratories that will carry out the analytical work
Laboratories conducting testing and analyses required for monitoring fuel quality in the market, shall demonstrate
their competence by complying with the minimum criteria set out in annex B. A list of accredited laboratories,
qualified to carry out the tests required for the FQMS shall be compiled and maintained by the national
standardisation body of the Member State or its nominated alternate (see annex B).
4.8Register of organisations that will draw the samples
Information about organisation(s) and their qualification to draw samples is given in EN 14275. Alternatively,
laboratories (see 4.7) may also be appointed to draw the samples.
5 Setting up the FQMS
5.1 Country size
Using the criteria of the amount of fuel dispensed, a decision shall be made whether the Member State is a large-
size or small-size country (3.2).
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EN 14274:2003 (E)
5.2 Regions
Each country shall define a set of appropriate regions based on either geographic or administrative criteria, taking
into consideration the procedures and criteria described in this European Standard, such as amount of fuel
dispensed, number of fuel dispensing sites, population distribution, vehicle distribution.
NOTE Each region may be further subdivided into sub-regions based on marketing and distribution patterns. In such cases
the FQMS would be based on samples drawn from an appropriate grouping of these regions and sub-regions.
5.3 Minimum number of samples for fuel grades with market shares of 10% and above
For fuel grades with market shares of 10% and above, the minimum number of fuel dispensing sites in any country
to be sampled and tested is given in Table 1, taking into consideration the provisions given in clause 5.5.
NOTE If a country decides to assess more than this required minimum number of samples, this should be specified in its
national annex to this European Standard.
Table 1 — Minimum number of samples per fuel grade in each winter and summer period
Model A B C
Small-size country
Petrol, per grade 50 100 50
Diesel fuel 50 100 50
Large-size country
Petrol, per grade 100 200 --
Diesel fuel 100 200 --
5.4 Minimum number of samples for fuel grades with market shares below 10%
5.4.1 General
For fuel grades with market shares below 10%, the minimum number of fuel dispensing sites in any country to be
sampled shall be calculated as follows.
5.4.2 For each fuel grade with a market share of less than 10%, taking petrol and diesel separately, the minimum
number of fuel dispensing sites to be sampled shall be calculated proportionally from the number of samples for the
corresponding parent grade, using the following equation:
market share (Grade X)
NN (1)
Grade X parent grade
market share (parent grade)
EXAMPLE
Parent grade Parent grade Grade X
Super 95 Regular 91 Super 98
Parent of grade X yes no --
Market share 55 % 38 % 7 %
Sample numbers 100 100 13
5.4.3 When a regional model is used (see 5.5) and the minimum sample number for a specific grade is
calculated to be less than 1, at least one sample of that fuel grade shall be drawn from within that region.
NOTE This applies equally if a sub-regional model is used.
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EN 14274:2003 (E)
5.5 Models for the FQMS
5.5.1 General
For each model, the number of samples per grade per region or macro region (model A) is obtained by setting the
number of samples (diesel fuel and petrol separately) to be proportional to the volume sales within each region,
macro region, or sub-region (see 5.2)
5.5.2 Model A – macro regions
The regions within a country are grouped (preserving some geographical identity) into macro regions so that they
have similar total sales volumes relative to each other and also about the same number of different supply sources
(measured by the variability factor, see 3.9). This approach is recommended for all countries as it is designed to
capture fuel variation efficiently and hence requires a smaller total number of samples, as reflected in Table 1.
If geographical, administrative or other circumstances do not allow fulfilment of the requirements for the design of
this preferred model, model B shall be considered the next best model.
In defining the macro regions, a country shall first list all the principal supply points of petrol and diesel fuel (i.e.
refineries, in-land terminals and coastal terminals) within each proposed macro region.
The variability factor for a macro region takes account of the number of different fuel types, which are distributed
within the region, as well as the number of refineries (R) and supply terminals (T) in that region.
EXAMPLE If, in a certain region of this country, there is only one refinery (R) which supplies two terminals (T1 and T2),
and if those three are the only supply points in that region, then the variability factor is 1, because the "fuel type" served in that
region comes only from one production site. If, on the other hand, one of the two terminals (T2) is supplied by another refinery
(located outside the region), then the variability factor is 2.
Therefore, the variability factor is not simply the sum of all refineries and terminals present in a certain region, but
the number of different supply points that are supplying fuel from different sources.
Once these variability factors have been defined for each geographical or political region in the country, the regions
shall be grouped into macro regions with approximately the same total variability factor and same total volumes in
each macro region, thereby ensuring that the sampling proportional to fuel volumes also captures fuel variability.
An explicit example is given in annex C. If appropriate, the macro regions may be further split into sub regions by
sales channel and the sampling carried out in proportion to the volumes in these sub regions. The minimum overall
number of samples per grade and per season is 50 per small-size country and 100 per large-size country.
5.5.3 Model B – Non-macro region
If the construction of macro regions (based on fuel supply patterns) is not possible within a country, then the
country shall be divided into regions using only geographic and administrative criteria. To ensure that fuel variability
is reliably captured, a larger minimum number of samples per grade are required: 100 for small-size countries and
200 for large-size countries. An example is given in annex C.
5.5.4 Model C – Non region model
If the country is small-sized (see 3.2.1) and when it can be demonstrated that a division into macro regions (5.5.1)
or non-macro-regions (5.5.2) is not possible, having considered the procedures and provisions given in this
European Standard, then the country shall be considered as one region for sampling purposes.
5.6 Number of fuel dispensing sites to be sampled
Based on the total volume of fuel dispensed (4.3) or the population size (4.5) and the model chosen (5.5), the
minimum number of samples to be taken during the summer and the winter periods shall be calculated for each
region, macro region and/or sub region. If, for any region or sub region, and for any one fuel grade, the minimum
number of samples is calculated to be less than one, at least one sample of that fuel grade shall be drawn from
within that region or sub region.
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EN 14274:2003 (E)
In order to make the FQMS as robust and representative as possible, all available information shall be used to
calculate the minimum number of samples to be used. The general procedure to be followed is given in annex D in
form of a flow chart. Extension of this system is possible, provided that no other provisions in this European
Standard are violated.
5.7 Identification of fuel dispensing sites
Each site that is to be monitored shall be given a unique and unmistakable identification number. This number shall
appear on all samples drawn from the site and in the analytical reports.
5.8 Appointment of organisations
A qualified organisation, organisations or laboratories shall be appointed to draw samples. Laboratories shall be
appointed to carry out the tests, see 4.7. An organisation shall be appointed to collect and compile the summary
report, see 6.6, containing all necessary information and data to allow the construction of a final report, see clause
7.
6 Procedure
6.1 From the list of sites to be sampled for each region, macro region and/or sub-region, randomly select the
required number of sites to be sampled. Randomly select an additional 10% of sites to be used if any of the
previously selected sites have been shut down or are not currently in operation.
6.2 Provide the organisation(s) that will draw the samples with a list of sites to be sampled. The information
given shall be sufficient to allow the site to be located and uniquely identified.
6.3 Obtain samples for each grade to be sampled from the selected sites in accordance with EN 14275.
NOTE This sampling procedure may be repeated as many times as necessary in order to obtain replicate samples which
may be required for compliance with any additional national requirements.
6.4 Submit the samples to an accredited laboratory (4.7) for analysis and testing. Samples shall be analysed and
tested for the characteristics given in the European Directive 98/70/EC [1] (see also the NOTE hereafter). Only
those methods specified in EN 228 and EN 590 shall be used for testing the samples.
NOTE The parameters to be analysed are the emission relevant parameters currently listed in European Directive
98/70/EC or in updates thereof. Additional fuel quality characteristics as specified in EN 228 and EN 590 may also be checked.
6.5 The analytical report prepared by the laboratory shall only contain the following information:
- laboratory identifier;
- sample identification code;
- site identification code;
- type of fuel and fuel grade (see 3.1);
- complete results of the tests (as defined in annex E).
For reasons of data protection, confidential information about the samples shall be made anonymous in the report
and be kept on file only in the laboratory executing the analysis according to the acceptance criteria for
laboratories, see annex B. All data relating to samples taken shall be made available to the government authorities
of the Member State upon request.
6.6 Collect and collate the analytical reports from the laboratories, prepare a summary report and submit it to the
government of the Member State for preparation of the final report.
7 Final report
7.1 General
The report shall contain two main sections, which contain all information and data of interest, collated for the whole
country and divided into one separate section for each grade and for each season.
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EN 14274:2003 (E)
7.2 Report section about the executed system
The general section shall contain all information about the executed system and about the procedures followed,
which could be of interest for quality assurance. More detailed information is given in annex E, section E.2.
7.3 Report section about the results
This section shall contain, separately for each analysed fuel grade, a separate table displaying for each analysed
parameter all data and information, which are necessary to make a reliable judgement on the fuel quality in that
country. In order to have uniform reporting, the report format given in annex E shall be used.
If results have been obtained for fuel grades with a market share of less than 10%, then these results, apart from
being reported separately, shall be pooled with the results obtained from the corresponding parent grade (see 3.1)
and be included in the reporting for that parent grade. (Thus in the example in 5.4.2, the report for "Super 95" shall
contain 113 samples).
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EN 14274:2003 (E)
Annex A
(informative)
Establishing the number of samples to be taken
A.1 Basic criteria
Several basic criteria were considered as a basis of the recommendations on the models used to design the
system and the sample size:
- The mean of each key parameter should be estimated with adequate precision,
- The system should be designed to collect samples which give a representative "picture" of fuel variability within
the country,
- The data on which a specific model will rely on need to be available in the necessary degree of detail.
A.2 Precision
The pre
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