SIST EN 13381-2:2014
(Main)Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural members - Part 2: Vertical protective membranes
Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural members - Part 2: Vertical protective membranes
This part of this European Standard specifies a test method for determining the ability of a vertical protective membrane, when used as a fire resistant barrier, to contribute to the fire resistance (loadbearing capacity R) of loadbearing vertical structural building members fabricated from steel, concrete, steel/concrete composites or timber. The method described is applicable to any type of vertical protective membrane, which can be associated with a separate bracing membrane.
Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Beitrages zum Feuerwiderstand von tragenden Bauteilen - Teil 2: Vertikal angeordnete Brandschutzbekleidungen
Dieser Teil dieser Europäischen Norm legt ein Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Fähigkeit einer vertikalen Schutzbekleidung fest, die als feuerwiderstandsfähige Sperrschicht verwendet wird, um einen Beitrag zur Feuerwiderstandsfähigkeit (Tragfähigkeit R) eines vertikalen tragenden Bauteils aus Stahl, Beton, Stahl/Beton-Verbund oder Holz zu leisten. Das hier beschriebene Verfahren gilt für jede Art von vertikaler Schutzbekleidung, die als getrennte Schutzbekleidung wirksam ist.
Die vertikale Schutzbekleidung kann vom tragenden Bauteil als selbsttragende Konstruktion getrennt sein. Dieses Prüfverfahren gilt für vertikale Schutzbekleidungen mit einem Spalt von mindestens 5 mm zwischen der vertikalen Schutzbekleidung und dem tragenden Bauteil, andernfalls sind je nach Bedarf alternative Prüfverfahren nach prEN 13381-3, prEN 13381-4, prEN 13381-6 oder ENV 13381-7 anzuwenden.
Dieses Prüfverfahren und die Beurteilung gelten nicht für:
a) alle Situationen, bei denen der Hohlraum für Installations- oder Lüftungsschächte vorgesehen wird;
b) alle Situationen, bei denen die vertikale Schutzbekleidung eine aussteifende Funktion hat.
Diese Europäische Norm beinhaltet die Brandprüfung, die die Prüfungen festlegt, die durchzuführen sind, wobei die vertikale Schutzbekleidung zusammen mit dem zu schützenden tragenden Bauteil einer festgelegten Brandbeanspruchung ausgesetzt ist. Die Brandbeanspruchung als Einheits-Temperaturzeitkurve nach EN 1363-1 wirkt von der Seite des Probekörpers, die in der Praxis beansprucht werden würde.
Das Prüfverfahren bietet die Möglichkeit, durch festgelegte optionale zusätzliche Verfahren, Messwerte zu ermitteln, die direkt als Eingangswerte zur Berechnung des Feuerwiderstandes entsprechend den Verfahren nach EN 1992-1-2, EN 1993-1-2, EN 1994-1-2 und EN 1995-1-2 verwendet werden können.
Diese Europäische Norm beinhaltet außerdem das Verfahren zur Beurteilung, das Angaben zur Analyse der Messwerte und eine Anleitung zur Auswertung der Ergebnisse der Brandprüfung in Bezug auf die Tragfähigkeitskriterien des zu schützenden vertikalen tragenden Bauteils bietet.
Die Ergebnisse der Brandprüfung und der Beurteilung können unter bestimmten festgelegten Voraussetzungen auf vertikale tragende Bauteile wie Balken/Riegel, Stützen oder eine Kombination beider und/oder auf vertikale tragende Bauteile, die einen Teil eines trennenden Bauteils oder einer Trennwand bilden können, angewendet werden.
Die Grenzen für die Anwendbarkeit der Ergebnisse der Beurteilung der Brandprüfung sind zusammen mit dem zulässigen direkten Anwendungsbereich der Ergebnisse auf unterschiedliche Konstruktionen, Bekleidungen und Beschlagteile festgelegt.
Unter besonderen Umständen, die in nationalen Bauvorschriften festgelegt sind, kann es erforderlich sein, das Brandschutzmaterial einer Schwelbrandkurve zu unterziehen. Die diesbezügliche Prüfung und die besonderen Umstände für deren Anwendung sind in Anhang B ausführlich beschrieben.
Die Prüfungen sind ohne zusätzliches brennbares Material im Hohlraum durchzuführen.
Méthodes d'essai pour déterminer la contribution à la résistance au feu des éléments de construction - Partie 2: Membranes de protection verticales
Cette partie de la présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode d’essai permettant de déterminer l’aptitude d’une membrane de protection verticale, utilisée comme dispositif de protection contre le feu, à contribuer à la résistance au feu (capacité portante R) des éléments de construction verticaux porteurs, fabriqués à partir de béton, d’acier, de matériaux composites acier/béton ou de bois. La méthode décrite est applicable à tous les types de membrane de protection verticale, qui peuvent être associés à une membrane de contreventement séparée.
La membrane de protection verticale peut être séparée de l’élément de construction et est auto-porteuse. Cette méthode d’essai est applicable aux membranes de protection verticales avec un espace de séparation de 5 mm au minimum entre la membrane de protection verticale et l’élément de construction, sinon, les autres méthodes d’essai définies dans les prEN 13381-3, prEN 13381-4, FprEN 13381-6 ou ENV 13381-7 doivent être utilisées, selon le cas.
Cette méthode d’essai ainsi que son évaluation ne sont pas applicables aux points suivants :
a) toutes les situations dans lesquelles la cavité est utilisée comme conduit technique ou de ventilation ;
b) toutes les situations dans lesquelles la membrane de protection verticale fait fonction de membrane de renforcement.
La présente Norme européenne contient l’essai au feu, qui spécifie les essais qui doivent être effectués et au cours desquels la membrane de protection verticale, ainsi que l’élément de construction à protéger, sont soumis à l’exposition au feu spécifiée. L’exposition au feu, conformément à la courbe température/temps normalisée définie dans l’EN 1363-1, est appliquée au côté qui serait exposé au feu dans la pratique.
La méthode d’essai prévoit, grâce à des modes opératoires optionnels complémentaires spécifiés, la collecte des informations qui peuvent être utilisées comme des données directes de calcul de la résistance au feu conformément aux processus définis dans l’EN 1992-1-2, l’EN 1993-1-2, l’EN 1994-1-2 et l’EN 1995-1-2.
La présente Norme européenne contient également l’évaluation, qui fournit des informations concernant l’analyse des données d’essai et donne des indications pour l’interprétation des résultats de l’essai au feu, en termes de critères de capacité portante de l’élément de construction vertical protégé.
Les résultats de l’essai au feu et l’évaluation peuvent être appliqués, avec certaines dispositions définies, aux éléments de construction verticaux, qui peuvent être des poutres, des poteaux ou une combinaison des deux, et/ou qui peuvent faire partie d’un élément de séparation ou d’une cloison.
Les limites d’applicabilité des résultats de l’évaluation découlant de l’essai au feu sont définies, ainsi que l’application directe autorisée des résultats à d’autres structures, membranes et dispositifs de jonction.
Dans certaines circonstances, lorsque cela est spécifié dans la réglementation nationale en matière de construction, il peut être nécessaire de soumettre le matériau de protection à une courbe de feu couvant. L’essai correspondant et les circonstances particulières dans lesquelles l'utiliser sont décrits à l’Annexe B.
Les essais doivent être effectués sans matériaux combustibles supplémentaires dans la cavité.
Preskusne metode za ugotavljanje prispevka k požarni odpornosti konstrukcijskih elementov - 2. del: Navpične zaščitne membrane
Ta del evropskega standarda določa preskusno metodo za ugotavljanje prispevka navpične zaščitne membrane k požarni odpornosti (kapaciteti nosilnosti R) nosilnih navpičnih konstrukcijskih elementov iz jekla, betona, kompozitov iz betona in jekla ali lesa, kadar se uporablja kot ognjevzdržna pregrada. Opisana metoda se uporablja za vse vrste navpičnih zaščitnih membran, ki jih je mogoče povezati z ločeno oporno membrano.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.RQVWUXNFLMVNLKPrüfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Beitrages zum Feuerwiderstand von tragenden Bauteilen - Teil 2: Vertikal angeordnete BrandschutzbekleidungenMéthodes d'essai pour déterminer la contribution à la résistance au feu des éléments de construction - Partie 2: Membranes de protection verticalesTest methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural members - Part 2: Vertical protective membranes91.080.01Gradbene konstrukcije na splošnoStructures of buildings in general13.220.50Požarna odpornost gradbenih materialov in elementovFire-resistance of building materials and elementsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13381-2:2014SIST EN 13381-2:2014en,fr,de01-december-2014SIST EN 13381-2:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST ENV 13381-2:20031DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 13381-2:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13381-2
September 2014 ICS 13.220.50; 13.220.99 Supersedes ENV 13381-2:2002English Version
Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural members - Part 2: Vertical protective membranes
Méthodes d'essai pour déterminer la contribution à la résistance au feu des éléments de construction - Partie 2: Membranes de protection verticales
Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Beitrages zum Feuerwiderstand von tragenden Bauteilen - Teil 2: Vertikal angeordnete Brandschutzbekleidungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 July 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13381-2:2014 ESIST EN 13381-2:2014
EN 13381-2:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4 1 Scope .6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units .7 3.1 Terms and definitions .7 3.2 Symbols and units .8 4 Test equipment .8 4.1 General .8 4.2 Furnace .9 4.3 Test frame .9 4.4 Supporting construction .9 4.5 Furnace closure .9 5 Test conditions . 10 5.1 General . 10 5.2 Support and restraint . 10 5.2.1 Standard conditions . 10 5.2.2 Other support and restraint conditions . 10 6 Test specimens . 10 6.1 General . 10 6.2 Number of tests . 11 6.3 Size of test specimen . 11 6.4 Structural building members . 11 6.4.1 Standard vertical structural building members . 11 6.4.2 Practical vertical structural members. 12 6.5 Properties of test materials . 13 6.6 Verification of the test specimen . 13 6.7 Optional and additional plate thermometers within the cavity . 13 7 Installation of the test construction . 14 8 Conditioning . 14 9 Application of instrumentation . 14 9.1 General . 14 9.2 Instrumentation for measurement of furnace temperature . 14 9.3 Instrumentation for measurement of specimen temperature . 15 9.3.1 General . 15 9.3.2 Instrumentation for measuring cavity temperature . 15 9.3.3 Instrumentation for measuring surface temperatures . 15 9.3.4 Optional and supplementary instrumentation for measuring temperature . 16 9.4 Instrumentation for measurement of pressure . 16 10 Test procedure . 16 10.1 General . 16 10.2 Furnace temperature and pressure . 16 10.3 Temperatures of the test specimen . 17 10.4 Observations . 17 10.5 Termination of the test . 17 SIST EN 13381-2:2014
EN 13381-2:2014 (E) 3 11 Test results . 17 11.1 Acceptability of test results. 17 11.2 Presentation of test results . 17 12 Test report . 18 13 Assessment . 18 13.1 General . 18 13.2 Assessment of loadbearing capacity . 19 13.2.1 General . 19 13.2.2 Characteristic temperature curve: cavity temperatures . 19 13.2.3 Characteristic temperature curve: surface temperatures (steel or concrete or composite columns) . 19 13.2.4 Application of method of limiting temperatures . 19 13.3 Assessment of integrity and insulation . 20 13.4 Assessment of data for calculation purposes. 20 14 Report of the assessment. 20 15 Limits of applicability of the results of the assessment . 21 15.1 Type of vertical structural building member . 21 15.2 Type of steel column . 23 15.3 Size of concrete column . 23 15.4 Size of concrete filled hollow steel composite column . 23 15.5 Type of concrete . 23 15.6 Timber column . 24 15.7 Depth of the cavity . 24 15.8 Type of closure opposite to the vertical protective membrane . 24 15.9 Properties of the vertical protective membrane . 24 15.10 Size of the vertical protective membrane . 24 15.11 Size of panels within the vertical protective membrane . 24 15.12 Fixtures and fittings . 24 15.13 Applicability of results from test columns to beams or combined column /beam structural building members . 25 Annex A (normative)
Measurement of properties of vertical protective membranes and components . 30 A.1 General . 30 A.2 Thickness of vertical protective membrane and components thereof . 30 A.3 Density of vertical protective membranes and components thereof . 31 A.3.1 General . 31 A.4 Moisture content of vertical protective membrane and components thereof . 32 Annex B (normative)
Test method to the smouldering fire (slow heating curve) . 33 B.1 Introduction . 33 B.2 Test equipment . 33 B.3 Test specimens . 33 B.4 Termination of test . 33 B.5 Evaluation of the results . 34 Bibliography . 35
SIST EN 13381-2:2014
EN 13381-2:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 13381-2:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 127 “Fire safety in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2015 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes ENV 13381-2:2002. The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below: Clarifications regarding the following items: a) preparation of the test specimen;
b) instrumentation of the test specimen (no more steel plate within the cavity); c) limits of applicability.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This European Standard is one of a series of standards for evaluating the contribution to the fire resistance of structural members by applied fire protection materials. Other parts of the standard are: — Part 1: Horizontal protective membranes, — Part 3: Applied protection to concrete members, — Part 4: Applied protection to steel members, — Part 5: Applied protection to concrete / profiled sheet steel composite members, — Part 6: Applied protection to concrete filled hollow steel columns, — Part 7: Applied protection to timber members, — Part 8: Applied reactive protection to steel members. The fire protection capacity of the vertical protective membrane can be nullified by the presence of combustible materials in the cavity behind the membrane. The applicability of the results of the assessment is limited according to the quantity and position of such combustible materials within that cavity. The amount of combustible material permissible in the cavity should be given in national regulations. Caution The attention of all persons concerned with managing and carrying out this fire resistance test, is drawn to the fact that fire testing can be hazardous and that there is a possibility that toxic and / or harmful smoke and gases can be evolved during the test. Mechanical and operational hazards can also arise during the construction of test elements or structures, their testing and the disposal of test residues. SIST EN 13381-2:2014
EN 13381-2:2014 (E) 5 An assessment of all potential hazards and risks to health shall be made and safety precautions shall be identified and provided. Written safety instructions shall be issued. Appropriate training shall be given to relevant personnel. Laboratory personnel shall ensure that they follow written safety instructions at all times. The specific health and safety instructions contained within this standard shall be followed. When testing concrete filled hollow steel composite columns steam release holes shall be provided for the release of steam from the column, during the test, as specified in EN 13381-6. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 13381-2:2014
EN 13381-2:2014 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a test method for determining the ability of a vertical protective membrane, when used as a fire resistant barrier, to contribute to the fire resistance (loadbearing capacity R) of loadbearing vertical structural building members fabricated from steel, concrete, steel/concrete composites or timber. The method described is applicable to any type of vertical protective membrane, which can be associated with a separate bracing membrane. The vertical protective membrane can be either separated from or attached to the structural building member and is self-supporting. This test method is applicable to vertical protective membranes where there is a gap and a cavity between the vertical protective membrane and the structural building member, otherwise alternative test methods prEN 13381-3, EN 13381-4, EN 13381-6 or prEN 13381-7 should be used as appropriate. This test method and assessment is not applicable to the following: a) all situations where the cavity is to be used as a service or ventilation shaft; b) all situations where the vertical protective membrane acts as a bracing membrane. This European Standard contains the fire test which specifies the tests which shall be carried out whereby the vertical protective membrane together with the structural member to be protected is exposed to the specified fire. The fire exposure, to the standard temperature/time curve given in EN 1363-1, is applied to the side which would be exposed in practice. The test method makes provision, through specified optional additional procedures, for the collection of data which can be used as direct input to the calculation of fire resistance according to the processes given in EN 1992-1-2, EN 1993-1-2, EN 1994-1-2 and EN 1995-1-2. This European Standard also contains the assessment which provides information relative to the analysis of the test data and gives guidance for the interpretation of the results of the fire test, in terms of loadbearing capacity criteria of the protected vertical structural member. The results of the fire test and the assessment can be applied, with certain defined provisions, to vertical structural building members which can be beams, columns or a combination of both and / or which could form part of a separating element or partition. The limits of applicability of the results of the assessment arising from the fire test are defined, together with permitted direct application of the results to different structures, membranes and fittings. In special circumstances, where specified in national building regulations, there can be a need to subject the protection material to a smouldering curve. The test for this and the special circumstances for its use are detailed in Annex B. Tests should be carried out without additional combustible materials in the cavity. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 206, Concrete - Specification, performance, production and conformity SIST EN 13381-2:2014
EN 13381-2:2014 (E) 7 EN 1363-1, Fire resistance tests - Part 1: General Requirements EN 1363-2, Fire resistance tests - Part 2: Alternative and additional procedures EN 1364-1, Fire resistance tests for non-loadbearing elements - Part 1: Walls EN 1365-1, Fire resistance tests for loadbearing elements - Part 1: Walls EN 1992-1-2, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-2: General rules - Structural fire design EN 1993-1-2, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-2: General rules - Structural fire design EN 1994-1-2, Eurocode 4 - Design of composite steel and concrete structures - Part 1-2: General rules - Structural fire design EN 1995-1-2:2004, Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures - Part 1-2: General - Structural fire design EN 10025-1, Hot rolled products of structural steels – Part 1: General technical delivery conditions EN 10080, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete - Weldable reinforcing steel - General EN 10210-1, Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels - Part 1: Technical delivery conditions prEN 13381-3, Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural members - Part 3: Applied protection to concrete members EN 13381-4, Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural members - Part 4: Applied passive protection to steel members EN 13381-6, Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural members - Part 6: Applied protection to concrete filled hollow steel columns prEN 13381-7, Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural members - Part 7: Applied protection to timber members EN ISO 13943, Fire safety - Vocabulary (ISO 13943) ISO 8421-2, Fire protection - Vocabulary - Part 2: Structural fire protection 3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1363-1, EN ISO 13943 and ISO 8421-2 and the following apply. 3.1.1 vertical structural building member vertical loadbearing structural element of building construction, which may be a column, a beam or a combination of both, and / or which might form part of a separating element or partition and which is fabricated from either concrete, steel, steel/concrete composite or timber SIST EN 13381-2:2014
EN 13381-2:2014 (E) 8 3.1.2 vertical protective membrane material or construction that may comprise multiple layers of materials, which is installed in front of a vertical structural building member and which is intended to give additional fire resistance to that member 3.1.3 structural building member test column test column, representing the loadbearing structural building member to be protected in practice, in front of which the vertical protective membrane test specimen is installed for the purposes of the test 3.1.4 vertical protective membrane test specimen full vertical protective membrane assembly submitted for test, including typical fixing equipment and methods and typical features such as insulating materials, light fittings, ventilation ducts 3.1.5 furnace closure fire resistant vertical construction designed to close the furnace and with the vertical protective membrane create a cavity within which the test column is placed 3.1.6 separating gap distance between the rear face of the vertical protective membrane and the closest surface of the structural building member test column 3.1.7 cavity whole void between the rear face of the vertical protective membrane and the furnace closure 3.1.8 fire protection protection afforded to the structural building member by the vertical protective membrane such that the temperature on the surface of the test column and within the cavity is limited throughout the period of exposure to fire 3.1.9 characteristic temperature the average of the mean temperature and the maximum individual temperature [(mean + maximum)/2] for a group of thermocouples 3.2 Symbols and units Symbol Unit Designation Am/V m-1 Section factor of unprotected steel column (see EN 13381-4). 4 Test equipment 4.1 General The furnace and test equipment shall be as specified in EN 1363-1. SIST EN 13381-2:2014
EN 13381-2:2014 (E) 9 4.2 Furnace The furnace shall be at least 3 x 3 m (height x width) and designed to permit the dimensions of the test specimen to be exposed to heating to be as specified in 6.3 and its installation to be as described in Clause 7. 4.3 Test frame The vertical protective membrane test specimen, the test column and the furnace closure shall be mounted in a test frame which shall be designed such that it possesses sufficient stiffness appropriate to the test construction in accordance with EN 1363-1. An example of suitable frame for this purpose shall have head and side members constructed from steel section protected with refractory concrete having a nominal density of at least 2 000 kg/m3 or can be a frame made of reinforced concrete having a nominal density of at least 2 000 kg/m3. The dimensions of the test frame shall be such that the furnace closure, the test column and the vertical protective membrane test specimen, together with any supporting construction, may be installed within it (see Figure 1) and permit the size of the test construction exposed to heating to be as specified in 6.3. 4.4 Supporting construction If the size of the vertical protective membrane test specimen is smaller than the test frame of the laboratory then the test frame opening shall be reduced in size by building a supporting construction in the test frame. If the vertical protective membrane is required in practice to be used together with any supporting construction then the test construction shall include that supporting construction, otherwise, a standard construction made of aerated concrete slabs or blocks of density (650 ± 200) kg/m3 and suitable thickness to accommodate the furnace closure, the columns and the vertical protective membrane, bonded with sand / cement mortar or other fire resistant material shall be used. 4.5 Furnace closure The fire resistant furnace closure is designed to close the furnace and to create, together with the vertical protective membrane test specimen, a cavity to contain the test column. The standard furnace closure shall comprise a wall built within the test frame comprising aerated concrete slabs or blocks of density (650 ± 200) kg/m3 and thickness (100 ± 10) mm, bonded with sand/cement mortar or other appropriate fire resistant material. Where the vertical protective membrane is to be used on both sides of the structural building member, then the furnace closure shall comprise the same vertical protective membrane system. This type of furnace closure shall be sealed into the test frame by the same method as would be used for the vertical protective membrane in use. The applicability of the result shall be restricted in this case (see 15.8). At the request of the sponsor, insulation material of lower insulation performance than that normally required, representing a high heat loss external or internal wall or open cavity situation (remote from the fire exposure side) may be used. The choice of such materia
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