C16.20 - Homogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations

SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses layered, glass fiber felt pipe and board insulation for use on surfaces with temperatures from ambient up to 1400°F (760°C) continuous.  
1.2 Glass fibers used to make this product are sometimes referred to as E-glass fibers.  
1.3 Facings are not added in the manufacturing process and are not addressed by this specification.  
1.4 This material is a high temperature, industrial thermal insulation that is typically covered with field-installed protective jacketing. However, jacketing materials are not addressed in this specification.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, physical properties, and product forms of microporous thermal insulation for use on surfaces at temperatures from 80°C [176°F] up to 1150°C [2102°F], unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser.  
1.2 This specification only covers microporous thermal insulation comprising compacted powder, fibers and opacifiers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers non-metallic thermal insulation for use in contact with austenitic stainless steel piping and equipment. The material shall conform to the established requirements of the basic material specification. The physical and chemical requirements shall conform to the requirements of the basic material specification. Preproduction corrosion test and chemical analysis shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers non-metallic thermal insulation for use in contact with austenitic stainless steel piping and equipment. In addition to meeting the requirements specified in their individual material specifications, issued under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16, these insulations must pass the preproduction test requirements of Test Method C692, for stress corrosion effects on austenitic stainless steel, and the confirming quality control, chemical requirements, when tested in accordance with the Test Methods C871.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers molded expanded perlite block, fittings, and pipe thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces with temperatures of certain range. The insulation shall not have visible defects that will adversely affect its service qualities. Different test methods shall be performed in order to determine the properties of the block, fitting, and pipe insulations: density, apparent thermal conductivity, linear shrinkage after heat soaking, flexural strength, compressive strength, weight loss by tumbling, moisture content, water absorption after heat aging, surface bearing characteristics, hot-surface performance, and stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers molded expanded perlite block, fittings, and pipe thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces with temperatures between 80 to 1200°F (27 to 649°C).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers calcium silicate block and pipe thermal insulation for use on surfaces. Thermal insulation shall be of the following types: Type I; Type IA; and Type II. Calcium silicate thermal insulation shall consist principally of hydrous calcium silicate usually with the incorporation of fibrous reinforcement. The insulation shall conform to the physical requirements specified. Following test methods shall be performed: block insulation; pipe insulation; apparent thermal conductivity; linear shrinkage after heat soaking; flexural strength; compressive strength; mass loss by tumbling; hot surface performance; surface burning characteristics; stress corrosion performance; and moisture content by dry weight.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers calcium silicate block and pipe thermal insulation for use on surfaces with temperatures between 80 and 1700°F (27 to 927°C), unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method (Section 12) described in this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers structural insulating board for general thermal insulating, fire-resistive, and marine bulkhead applications. The structural insulating boards shall be of the following types and grades: Types I and II and Grades 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; and 8. Calcium silicate structural insulating board shall be composed of hydrated calcium silicate with natural or man-made fibers or fillers, or a combination thereof. The following test methods shall be performed: dimensions and density; flexural strength; compressive strength; screw holding strength; apparent thermal conductivity; combustion characteristics; and maximum use temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural insulating board for general thermal insulating, fire-resistive, and marine bulkhead applications. The rigid, preformed structural insulating board is for use at temperatures up to 1700°F (927°C). For specific applications, the actual temperature limit shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 The structural insulating board maintains its structural integrity after immersion in water.  
1.3 Rapid cycling over a wide temperature range is not recommended because of potential damage due to thermal shock.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 When the installation or use of thermal insulation materials, accessories and systems, may pose safety or health problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user appropriate current information regarding any known problems associated with the recommended use of the company's products, and shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in their safe utilization. The user shall establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers mineral fiber pipe insulation that are formed into hollow cylinders for standard pipe and tubing sizes. The pipe insulation may be molded or precision v-grooved with one or more walls split longitudinally and used up to a specified temperature. The materials are classified into five types according to the processing method used to form the material and the operating temperatures and into two grades according to heating requirements. The mineral fiber insulation should be manufactured from molten mineral substances such as rock, slag, or glass and processed into fibrous form using a binder, and adhesives when preferred. All products should conform to the required values of hot surface performance, non-fibrous content, use temperature, sag resistance, linear shrinkage, water vapor sorption, surface-burning characteristics, apparent thermal conductivity, and mean temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers mineral fiber insulation produced to form hollow cylinders for standard pipe and tubing sizes. Use mineral fiber pipe insulation that has been either molded or precision v-grooved, with one or more walls split longitudinally for use on pipe temperatures up to 1400°F (760°C).  
1.2 For satisfactory performance, use properly installed protective vapor retarders or barriers on sub-ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture through or around the insulation to the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor barrier can lead to insulation and system damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection.  
1.3 Flexible mineral fiber wrap products such as perpendicular-oriented fiber insulation rolls, non-precision or manually scored block or board, or flexible boards or blankets used as pipe insulation, are not covered by this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 For Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) acceptance, materials must also comply with Supplemental Requirements. See Annex A1 of this standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat applies to the test methods portion, Section 11, only: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for thermal insulation block composed of rigid cellular glass intended for use in building exterior and interior walls, foundation, floor, ceiling, and roofing applications. The insulation blocks are intended for continuous use at temperatures between 200°F and −50°F (93.3°C and −45.6°C).  
1.2 This standard is intended to apply to rigid cellular glass thermal insulation block products that are commercially useful in building exterior and interior walls, foundation, floor, ceiling, and roofing construction. For engineering and design purposes, users need to follow specific product information provided by block manufacturers regarding physical properties, system design considerations and installation recommendations.  
1.3 The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification is typically regulated by building codes, or other agencies that address fire performance or both. Where required, the fire performance of the material shall be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. For conversion to metric units other than those contained in this standard, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to ensure satisfactory fit on standard sizes, to accommodate radial expansion of pipes and tubes which are heated after being insulated, and to minimize the number of insulation sizes and thicknesses to be manufactured and stocked.  
4.2 While it is possible to manufacturer insulation to these recommended dimensions, exercise care in attempting to nest layers of different materials, or layers supplied by different manufacturers. Individual manufacturing processes will operate at slightly different tolerances. While the product will fit the pipe, it is possible that it will not readily nest as the outer layer between the different materials, or with a different manufacturer, and possibly the same manufacturer. Exercise care to determine these differences before specifying or ordering nesting sizes.  
4.3 The wide range of outer diameter dimensional tolerances will prevent many pipe and tube insulations from nesting for staggered joints or double layered applications, or both unless specified when ordered from the manufacturer, distributor, or fabricator.  
4.4 Dimensions in accordance with this practice do not necessarily permit application of one thickness of pipe insulation over another (Nesting or Simplified Dimensional System) to obtain total thicknesses greater than those manufactured as single layer, or for multilayer application when desired.  
FIG. 3 Hinged Section Measurement Location
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended as a dimensional standard for preformed thermal insulation for pipes and tubing.  
1.2 This practice covers insulation supplied in cylindrical sections and lists recommended single layer inner and outer diameters of insulation having nominal wall thicknesses from 1/2 to 5 in. (13 to 127 mm) to fit over standard sizes of pipe and tubing.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation. The material shall consist of a glass composition that has been foamed or cellulated under molten conditions, annealed, and set to form a rigid noncombustible material with hermetically sealed cells. The materials shall also be trimmed into rectangular or tapered blocks of standard dimensions. All specimens shall also comply with with qualification requirements such as compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity, hot-surface performance, thermal conductivity and surface burning characteristics. These properties shall be determined in accordance with test methods specified herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation intended for use on commercial or industrial systems with operating temperatures between −450 and 800°F (−268 and 427°C). It is possible that special fabrication or techniques for pipe insulation, or both, will be required for application in the temperature range from 250 to 800°F (121 to 427°C). Contact the manufacturer for recommendations regarding fabrication and application procedures for use in this temperature range. For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 This specification does not cover cellular glass insulation used for building envelope applications. For cellular glass insulation used in building applications refer to Specification C1902.  
1.3 Cellular glass insulation has the potential to exhibit stress cracks if the rate of temperature change exceeds 200°F (112°C) per hour.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers perpendicularly oriented mineral fiber roll and sheet thermal insulation for use on the flat, curved, or round surfaces of pipes and tanks. The orientation of the rock, slag, or glass fibers within the roll or sheet insulation is essentially perpendicular to the heated/cooled surface. Materials covered in this specification do not include flat block, board, duct wrap, or preformed pipe mineral fiber insulation where the insulation fiber orientation is generally parallel to the heated/cooled surface. In low-temperature applications, properly installed protective vapor retarders should be used to prevent water vapor from moving through or around the insulation towards the colder surface. The materials are classified into six types according to the maximum use temperature and maximum apparent thermal conductivity and into two categories according to minimum compressive resistance. Samples taken from the materials should be tested according to the recommended procedures and should conform to the required values of corrosiveness to steel, stress corrosion to austenitic stainless steel, shot content, maximum use temperature, maximum exothermic temperature rise, and compressive resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, dimensions, and physical properties of compression-resistant, perpendicularly oriented mineral fiber (rock, slag, or glass) roll and sheet insulation intended for use on flat, curved, or round surfaces operating at temperatures between 0°F (–18°C) and 1000°F (538°C). This product (pipe and tank insulation) is typically used on nominal 24 in. (610 mm) or greater diameter surfaces. For specific applications, the actual use temperatures and diameters shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 The orientation of the fibers within the roll or sheet insulation is essentially perpendicular to the heated/cooled surface (parallel to heat flow). This specification does not apply to flat block, board, duct wrap, or preformed pipe mineral fiber insulation where the insulation fiber orientation is generally parallel to the heated/cooled surface (across the heat flow).  
1.3 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protective vapor retarders must be used in below ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture/water vapor through or around the insulation towards the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor retarder can lead to insulation and system damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection. Although vapor retarders properties are not part of this specification, properties required in Specification C1136 are pertinent to application or performance.  
1.4 When the installation or use of thermal materials, accessories, and systems may pose safety or health problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user-appropriate current information regarding any known problems associated with the recommended use for the products of the company and shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in their safe utilization. The user shall establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recomm...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers mineral fiber block and board thermal insulation. Mineral fiber board insulation covered by this specification shall be classified into types and categories; category 1 - no compressive resistance properties are required, category 2 - minimum compressive resistance properties are required, type V, grade A - requires no heat-up schedule, type V, grade B - heat-up schedule is required. Mineral fiber block and semi-rigid and rigid board insulation shall be composed of rock, slag, or glass processed from the molten state into fibrous form and bonded with organic or inorganic binders or both. A detectable odor of objectionable nature recorded by more than two of five panel members shall constitute rejection. When tested and evaluated, the corrosion resulting from insulation in contact with steel plates shall be judged to be no greater than for comparative plates in contact with sterile cotton. When tested and evaluated at its delivered thickness, all mineral fiber (rock, slag, and glass) board and block must qualify to be semi-rigid or rigid. When tested, the board and block insulation shall not warp, flame, or glow during hot surface exposure. When tested, the midpoint temperature shall not at any time exceed the hot surface temperature by more than 200°F (111°C). Determine the thermal conductivity as a function of temperature for the representative specimens with data obtained from a series of thermal tests. The compressive resistance, linear shrinkage, water vapour sorption, odor emission, and rigidity or semi-rigidity shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the classification, composition, dimension, and physical properties of mineral fiber (rock, slag, or glass) semi-rigid and rigid board intended for the use as thermal insulation on surfaces operating at temperatures between 0°F (-18°C) and 1800°F (982°C). For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser.  
1.2 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protective vapor retarder or barriers shall be used on below ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of water through or around the insulation towards the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor retarder or barrier can lead to insulation and system damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection. Although vapor retarder properties are not part of this specification, properties required in Specification C1136 are pertinent to applications or performance.  
1.3 The orientation of the fibers within the boards is primarily parallel to the principal surface (face). This specification does not cover fabricated pipe and tank wrap insulation where the insulation has been cut and fabricated to provide a fiber orientation that is perpendicular to the surface (face).  
1.4 This standard does not purport to provide the performance requirements of hourly-rated fire systems. Consult the manufacturer for the appropriate system.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Insulations that are used as a part of the thermal insulation system in contact with austenitic stainless steels have the potential to become contaminated with water soluble corrosive ions which, in turn, if permitted to reach the stainless steel surface, are possible to contribute to external stress corrosion cracking (ESCC). Therefore, it is important to reduce the exposure of such insulating materials to water-soluble corrosive ion compounds at all stages of manufacture, handling, shipping, storage, and application. During manufacture, precautions shall be taken to minimize water soluble corrosive ion content, both in the material and as surface contamination. Once the manufacture is complete, care must be exercised during handling, transporting, shipping, storage, receiving, and application to avoid contamination with corrosive ions that can be transported by water through the insulation materials onto the stainless steel surface. This practice presents criteria which, if followed, will minimize the risks of ESCC associated with the application of insulation materials. It must be emphasized, however, that because of the many variable factors present, complete freedom from ESCC can not be assured under all circumstances, even when following the guidance of this practice.  
4.2 Continued protection of the insulation and the stainless steel surface from moisture and contamination after the insulation system is installed and over its entire service life is of significant importance. In-service contamination has the potential to occur from many sources; for example, from airborne contaminates, rain or salt spray, periodic fire sprinkler system tests, wash-downs, or process leakage. Weather barrier jacketing systems and proper application shall be chosen to provide long-term protection in the intended use environment.  
4.3 The entire insulation system shall be periodically inspected and maintained. Insulation that is suspected of contamination shall be retested...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to provide guidance and direction in the handling, transporting, shipping, storage, receiving, and application of thermal insulating materials to be used as a surface treatment or as part of the thermal insulation system in contact with austenitic stainless steel.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers expanded or exfoliated vermiculite thermal insulating material in the form of dry cement or plaster, intended to be mixed with a suitable proportion of water, applied as a plastic mass, and dried in place, for use as insulation on surfaces. The cement shall be composed predominantly of expanded or exfoliated vermiculite, with a suitable proportion of heat-resistant binder. The following requirements are employed for purposes of initial material or product qualification: consistency, compressive strength, linear shrinkage, apparent thermal conductivity, and dry adhesion to steel. The consistency of the material, dry converting capacity and volume change upon drying, compressive strength, linear shrinkage, apparent thermal conductivity, and dry adhesion to steel shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers expanded or exfoliated vermiculite thermal insulating material in the form of dry cement or plaster, intended to be mixed with a suitable proportion of water, applied as a plastic mass, and dried in place, for use as insulation on surfaces operating at temperatures between 100°F (38°C) and 1800°F (982°C). The cement shall not be used where it will be exposed to combustion conditions, such as the hot face lining of a furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 10, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 When the installation or use of thermal insulation materials, accessories and systems, may pose safety or health problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user with appropriate current information regarding any known problems associated with the recommended use of the company’s products. The manufacturer shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in the safe utilization of said products.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers mineral fiber (rock or slag) insulating and finishing cement shipped in dry-mix form, including hydraulic-setting binder, which, when mixed with water and applied in accordance with the manufacturer's directions, affords a smooth surface as a final finish for heated surfaces for specific applications. The actual temperature limit shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer. Specimens shall be sampled, prepared, tested, and conform accordingly to the following properties: dry covering capacity, volume change upon drying, compressive strength, linear shrinkage, apparent thermal conductivity, maximum use temperature, and non-combustibility.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers mineral fiber (rock or slag) insulating and finishing cement shipped in dry-mix form, including hydraulic-setting binder, which, when mixed with water and applied in accordance with the manufacturer's directions, affords a smooth surface as a final finish for heated surfaces up to 1200 °F (649 °C) for specific applications. The actual temperature limit shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.  
Note 1: Precautionary measures should be taken with this material as with other hydraulic-setting mixtures. This material should be used within the time period recommended by the manufacturer.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method (Section 10) described in this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 When the installation or use of thermal insulation materials, accessories, and systems pose safety or health problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user with appropriate current information regarding any known problems associated with the recommended use of the company's products and shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in their safe utilization. The user shall establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers mineral fiber thermal insulating materials in the form of dry cement, which, when mixed with a suitable proportion of water, applied as a plastic mass, and dried in place, affords resistance to heat transmission on surfaces operating at a certain range of temperature. Mineral fiber thermal insulating cement shall be composed of mineral fiber and inorganic fillers, with a suitable proportion of heat-resistant binder. The mineral fiber shall consist of rock, slag, or glass processed from a molten state into fibrous form. Asbestos shall not be used as an ingredient or component part of the product. Different test methods shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of the cement: dry covering capacity, volume change upon drying, linear shrinkage, and apparent thermal conductivity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers mineral fiber thermal insulating materials in the form of dry cement, which, when mixed with a suitable proportion of water, applied as a plastic mass, and dried in place, affords resistance to heat transmission on surfaces operating at temperatures between 250 and 1900°F (about 121 and 1038°C).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods section of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This system of dimensions provides a guide for forming thermal insulation in advance of field application. Forming is done by cutting, grinding, milling, or molding, depending upon the method most suitable for the thermal insulation being fabricated. It is equally applicable for all service temperature ranges.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides tables of dimensions of preformed pipe insulation that shall be used in fabricating insulation covers for use on valves, ells, tees, flanges, and vessels in the pressure range from 150 to 1500 psi (1 to 10 MPa). These tables, which are part of this standard, are published separately as the ASTM Recommended Dimensional Standards for Fabrication of Thermal Insulation Fitting Covers for NPS Piping and Vessel Lagging. In addition, the ADJC0450A tables for Short Radius (SR) and Long Radius (LR) Elbows Insulation Fitting Covers for piping are included in this practice. The tables were developed to provide dimensions for shop fabrication use in forming pipe insulation fitting covers on NPS pipe operating at high temperature and low temperature. The tables also include dimensions for use in forming thermal insulation into curved segments, and lagging, for application on vessels. This practice does not apply to reflective-type insulation, insulation on screwed elbows, Short Radius (SR) and Long Radius (LR) Elbows Fitting Covers for tubing, dutchman (extended leg) insulation fitting covers, double-layered staggered-joint pipe insulation fitting covers, flexible preformed pipe-tube elastomeric foam fitting covers in accordance with Specification C534/C534M or polyolefin foam fitting covers in accordance with Specification C1427.  
1.1.1 Refer to Guide C1710 when referring to insulation materials for fabrication of preformed flexible closed cell insulated 90° elbows, tees, or similar products.  
1.2 This practice does not specify fabrication methods. Thermal insulation for fitting covers is formed by numerous fabrication methods. In general, insulations are cut by circular or band saws, shaped by grinders or millers, or molded/preformed. Each method has certain advantages and disadvantages, depending upon the material to be formed, number of cuts required, material waste permissible, and quantity of fittings being produced. Fitting parts are assembled using adhesives and fabrication cements applied using dip pots, rollers, doctor blades, brush, or trowel, depending upon the materials being used. Any specification of the fabrication techniques is beyond the scope of this standard.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. In a few parts of this practice, the values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The dimensional standard tables with fractional inch-pound (I.P.) system provided from the adjunct and in this document’s tables are currently not available in decimal and metric equivalents.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the composition and physical properties of mineral fiber insulation board used above structural roof decks as a base for built-up roofing and single ply membrane systems in building construction. The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification may be regulated by building codes or other agencies that address fire performance, or both. Specimens shall be sampled, prepared, tested, and conform accordingly to the following physical properties: compressive resistance, tensile strength, breaking load strength, water absorption, response to thermal and humid aging, linear dimensional change, thermal resistance, surface burning characteristics, and dimensions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical properties of mineral wool insulation board used above structural roof decks in building construction. The mineral wool roof insulation acts as a base for systems such as single-ply, polymer-modified bitumen and built-up roof. This specification also covers mineral wool insulation boards that incorporate a fibrous high density upper layer on the top surface  
1.2 It is possible that the use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification will be regulated by building codes or other agencies that address fire performance, or both. The fire performance of the material needs to be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of the regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers mineral fiber pipe insulation that are formed into hollow cylinders for standard pipe and tubing sizes. The pipe insulation may be molded or precision v-grooved with one or more walls split longitudinally and used up to a specified temperature. The materials are classified into five types according to the processing method used to form the material and the operating temperatures and into two grades according to heating requirements. The mineral fiber insulation should be manufactured from molten mineral substances such as rock, slag, or glass and processed into fibrous form using a binder, and adhesives when preferred. All products should conform to the required values of hot surface performance, non-fibrous content, use temperature, sag resistance, linear shrinkage, water vapor sorption, surface-burning characteristics, apparent thermal conductivity, and mean temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers mineral fiber insulation produced to form hollow cylinders for standard pipe and tubing sizes. Use mineral fiber pipe insulation that has been either molded or precision v-grooved, with one or more walls split longitudinally for use on pipe temperatures up to 1400°F (760°C).  
1.2 For satisfactory performance, use properly installed protective vapor retarders or barriers on sub-ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture through or around the insulation to the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor barrier can lead to insulation and system damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection.  
1.3 Flexible mineral fiber wrap products such as perpendicular-oriented fiber insulation rolls, non-precision or manually scored block or board, or flexible boards or blankets used as pipe insulation, are not covered by this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 For Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) acceptance, materials must also comply with Supplemental Requirements. See Annex A1 of this standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat applies to the test methods portion, Section 11, only: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for thermal insulation block composed of rigid cellular glass intended for use in building exterior and interior walls, foundation, floor, ceiling, and roofing applications. The insulation blocks are intended for continuous use at temperatures between 200°F and −50°F (93.3°C and −45.6°C).  
1.2 This standard is intended to apply to rigid cellular glass thermal insulation block products that are commercially useful in building exterior and interior walls, foundation, floor, ceiling, and roofing construction. For engineering and design purposes, users need to follow specific product information provided by block manufacturers regarding physical properties, system design considerations and installation recommendations.  
1.3 The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification is typically regulated by building codes, or other agencies that address fire performance or both. Where required, the fire performance of the material shall be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. For conversion to metric units other than those contained in this standard, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation. The material shall consist of a glass composition that has been foamed or cellulated under molten conditions, annealed, and set to form a rigid noncombustible material with hermetically sealed cells. The materials shall also be trimmed into rectangular or tapered blocks of standard dimensions. All specimens shall also comply with with qualification requirements such as compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity, hot-surface performance, thermal conductivity and surface burning characteristics. These properties shall be determined in accordance with test methods specified herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces operating at temperatures between −450 and 800°F (−268 and 427°C). It is possible that special fabrication or techniques for pipe insulation, or both, will be required for application in the temperature range from 250 to 800°F (121 to 427°C). Contact the manufacturer for recommendations regarding fabrication and application procedures for use in this temperature range. For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 Cellular glass insulation has the potential to exhibit stress cracks if the rate of temperature change exceeds 200°F (112°C) per hour.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation. The material shall consist of a glass composition that has been foamed or cellulated under molten conditions, annealed, and set to form a rigid noncombustible material with hermetically sealed cells. The materials shall also be trimmed into rectangular or tapered blocks of standard dimensions. All specimens shall also comply with with qualification requirements such as compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity, hot-surface performance, thermal conductivity and surface burning characteristics. These properties shall be determined in accordance with test methods specified herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces operating at temperatures between −450 and 800°F (−268 and 427°C). It is possible that special fabrication or techniques for pipe insulation, or both, will be required for application in the temperature range from 250 to 800°F (121 to 427°C). Contact the manufacturer for recommendations regarding fabrication and application procedures for use in this temperature range. For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 Cellular glass insulation has the potential to exhibit stress cracks if the rate of temperature change exceeds 200°F (112°C) per hour.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for thermal insulation block composed of rigid cellular glass intended for use in building exterior and interior walls, foundation, floor, ceiling, and roofing applications. The insulation blocks are intended for continuous use at temperatures between 200°F and −50°F (93.3°C and −45.6°C).  
1.2 This standard is intended to apply to rigid cellular glass thermal insulation block products that are commercially useful in building exterior and interior walls, foundation, floor, ceiling, and roofing construction. For engineering and design purposes, users need to follow specific product information provided by block manufacturers regarding physical properties, system design considerations and installation recommendations.  
1.3 The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification is typically regulated by building codes, or other agencies that address fire performance or both. Where required, the fire performance of the material shall be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. For conversion to metric units other than those contained in this standard, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers mineral fiber pipe insulation that are formed into hollow cylinders for standard pipe and tubing sizes. The pipe insulation may be molded or precision v-grooved with one or more walls split longitudinally and used up to a specified temperature. The materials are classified into five types according to the processing method used to form the material and the operating temperatures and into two grades according to heating requirements. The mineral fiber insulation should be manufactured from molten mineral substances such as rock, slag, or glass and processed into fibrous form using a binder, and adhesives when preferred. All products should conform to the required values of hot surface performance, non-fibrous content, use temperature, sag resistance, linear shrinkage, water vapor sorption, surface-burning characteristics, apparent thermal conductivity, and mean temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers mineral fiber insulation produced to form hollow cylinders for standard pipe and tubing sizes. Use mineral fiber pipe insulation that has been either molded or precision v-grooved, with one or more walls split longitudinally for use on pipe temperatures up to 1400°F (760°C).  
1.2 For satisfactory performance, use properly installed protective vapor retarders or barriers on sub-ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture through or around the insulation to the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor barrier can lead to insulation and system damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection.  
1.3 Flexible mineral fiber wrap products such as perpendicular-oriented fiber insulation rolls, non-precision or manually scored block or board, or flexible boards or blankets used as pipe insulation, are not covered by this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 For Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) acceptance, materials must also comply with Supplemental Requirements. See Annex A1 of this standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat applies to the test methods portion, Section 11, only: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, physical properties, and product forms of microporous thermal insulation for use on surfaces at temperatures from 80°C [176°F] up to 1150°C [2102°F], unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser.  
1.2 This specification only covers microporous thermal insulation comprising compacted powder, fibers and opacifiers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers perpendicularly oriented mineral fiber roll and sheet thermal insulation for use on the flat, curved, or round surfaces of pipes and tanks. The orientation of the rock, slag, or glass fibers within the roll or sheet insulation is essentially perpendicular to the heated/cooled surface. Materials covered in this specification do not include flat block, board, duct wrap, or preformed pipe mineral fiber insulation where the insulation fiber orientation is generally parallel to the heated/cooled surface. In low-temperature applications, properly installed protective vapor retarders should be used to prevent water vapor from moving through or around the insulation towards the colder surface. The materials are classified into six types according to the maximum use temperature and maximum apparent thermal conductivity and into two categories according to minimum compressive resistance. Samples taken from the materials should be tested according to the recommended procedures and should conform to the required values of corrosiveness to steel, stress corrosion to austenitic stainless steel, shot content, maximum use temperature, maximum exothermic temperature rise, and compressive resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, dimensions, and physical properties of compression-resistant, perpendicularly oriented mineral fiber (rock, slag, or glass) roll and sheet insulation intended for use on flat, curved, or round surfaces operating at temperatures between 0°F (–18°C) and 1000°F (538°C). This product (pipe and tank insulation) is typically used on nominal 24 in. (610 mm) or greater diameter surfaces. For specific applications, the actual use temperatures and diameters shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 The orientation of the fibers within the roll or sheet insulation is essentially perpendicular to the heated/cooled surface (parallel to heat flow). This specification does not apply to flat block, board, duct wrap, or preformed pipe mineral fiber insulation where the insulation fiber orientation is generally parallel to the heated/cooled surface (across the heat flow).  
1.3 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protective vapor retarders must be used in below ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture/water vapor through or around the insulation towards the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor retarder can lead to insulation and system damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection. Although vapor retarders properties are not part of this specification, properties required in Specification C1136 are pertinent to application or performance.  
1.4 When the installation or use of thermal materials, accessories, and systems may pose safety or health problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user-appropriate current information regarding any known problems associated with the recommended use for the products of the company and shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in their safe utilization. The user shall establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recomm...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers non-metallic thermal insulation for use in contact with austenitic stainless steel piping and equipment. The material shall conform to the established requirements of the basic material specification. The physical and chemical requirements shall conform to the requirements of the basic material specification. Preproduction corrosion test and chemical analysis shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers non-metallic thermal insulation for use in contact with austenitic stainless steel piping and equipment. In addition to meeting the requirements specified in their individual material specifications, issued under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16, these insulations must pass the preproduction test requirements of Test Method C692, for stress corrosion effects on austenitic stainless steel, and the confirming quality control, chemical requirements, when tested in accordance with the Test Methods C871.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers molded expanded perlite block, fittings, and pipe thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces with temperatures of certain range. The insulation shall not have visible defects that will adversely affect its service qualities. Different test methods shall be performed in order to determine the properties of the block, fitting, and pipe insulations: density, apparent thermal conductivity, linear shrinkage after heat soaking, flexural strength, compressive strength, weight loss by tumbling, moisture content, water absorption after heat aging, surface bearing characteristics, hot-surface performance, and stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers molded expanded perlite block, fittings, and pipe thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces with temperatures between 80 to 1200°F (27 to 649°C).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This system of dimensions provides a guide for forming thermal insulation in advance of field application. Forming is done by cutting, grinding, milling, or molding, depending upon the method most suitable for the thermal insulation being fabricated. It is equally applicable for all service temperature ranges.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides tables of dimensions of preformed insulation that shall be used in fabricating insulation covers for use on valves, ells, tees, flanges, and vessels in the pressure range from 150 to 1500 psi (1 to 10 MPa). These tables, which are part of this standard, are published separately as the ASTM Recommended Dimensional Standards for Fabrication of Thermal Insulation Fitting Covers for NPS Piping and Vessel Lagging. The tables were developed to provide dimensions for shop fabrication use in forming pipe insulation fitting covers on NPS pipe operating at high temperature and low temperature. The tables also include dimensions for use in forming thermal insulation into curved segments, and lagging, for application on vessels. This practice does not apply to reflective-type insulation, insulation on screwed elbows, Short Radius (SR) & Long Radius (LR) Elbows Fitting Covers for tubing, dutchman (extended leg) insulation fitting covers, double-layered staggered-joint pipe insulation fitting covers, flexible preformed pipe-tube elastomeric foam fitting covers in accordance with Specification C534/C534M or polyolefin foam fitting covers in accordance with Specification C1427.  
1.1.1 Refer to Guide C1710 when referring to insulation materials for fabrication of preformed flexible closed cell insulated 90° elbows, tees, or similar products.  
1.2 This practice does not specify fabrication methods. Thermal insulation for fitting covers is formed by numerous fabrication methods. In general, insulations are cut by circular or band saws, shaped by grinders or millers, or molded/preformed. Each method has certain advantages and disadvantages, depending upon the material to be formed, number of cuts required, material waste permissible, and quantity of fittings being produced. Fitting parts are assembled using adhesives and fabrication cements applied using dip pots, rollers, doctor blades, brush, or trowel, depending upon the materials being used. Any specification of the fabrication techniques is beyond the scope of this standard.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. In a few parts of this practice, the values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The dimensional standard tables with fractional inch-pound (I.P.) system provided from the adjunct and in this document’s tables are currently not available in decimal and metric equivalents.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation. The material shall consist of a glass composition that has been foamed or cellulated under molten conditions, annealed, and set to form a rigid noncombustible material with hermetically sealed cells. The materials shall also be trimmed into rectangular or tapered blocks of standard dimensions. All specimens shall also comply with with qualification requirements such as compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity, hot-surface performance, thermal conductivity and surface burning characteristics. These properties shall be determined in accordance with test methods specified herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces operating at temperatures between −450 and 800°F (−268 and 427°C). It is possible that special fabrication or techniques for pipe insulation, or both, will be required for application in the temperature range from 250 to 800°F (121 to 427°C). Contact the manufacturer for recommendations regarding fabrication and application procedures for use in this temperature range. For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 Cellular glass insulation has the potential to exhibit stress cracks if the rate of temperature change exceeds 200°F (94°C) per hour.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers structural insulating board for general thermal insulating, fire-resistive, and marine bulkhead applications. The structural insulating boards shall be of the following types and grades: Types I and II and Grades 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; and 8. Calcium silicate structural insulating board shall be composed of hydrated calcium silicate with natural or man-made fibers or fillers, or a combination thereof. The following test methods shall be performed: dimensions and density; flexural strength; compressive strength; screw holding strength; apparent thermal conductivity; combustion characteristics; and maximum use temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural insulating board for general thermal insulating, fire-resistive, and marine bulkhead applications. The rigid, preformed structural insulating board is for use at temperatures up to 1700°F (927°C). For specific applications, the actual temperature limit shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 The structural insulating board maintains its structural integrity after immersion in water.  
1.3 Rapid cycling over a wide temperature range is not recommended because of potential damage due to thermal shock.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 When the installation or use of thermal insulation materials, accessories and systems, may pose safety or health problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user appropriate current information regarding any known problems associated with the recommended use of the company's products, and shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in their safe utilization. The user shall establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers calcium silicate block and pipe thermal insulation for use on surfaces. Thermal insulation shall be of the following types: Type I; Type IA; and Type II. Calcium silicate thermal insulation shall consist principally of hydrous calcium silicate usually with the incorporation of fibrous reinforcement. The insulation shall conform to the physical requirements specified. Following test methods shall be performed: block insulation; pipe insulation; apparent thermal conductivity; linear shrinkage after heat soaking; flexural strength; compressive strength; mass loss by tumbling; hot surface performance; surface burning characteristics; stress corrosion performance; and moisture content by dry weight.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers calcium silicate block and pipe thermal insulation for use on surfaces with temperatures between 80 and 1700°F (27 to 927°C), unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method (Section 12) described in this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation. The material shall consist of a glass composition that has been foamed or cellulated under molten conditions, annealed, and set to form a rigid noncombustible material with hermetically sealed cells. The materials shall also be trimmed into rectangular or tapered blocks of standard dimensions. All specimens shall also comply with with qualification requirements such as compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity, hot-surface performance, thermal conductivity and surface burning characteristics. These properties shall be determined in accordance with test methods specified herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces operating at temperatures between −450 and 800°F (−268 and 427°C). It is possible that special fabrication or techniques for pipe insulation, or both, will be required for application in the temperature range from 250 to 800°F (121 to 427°C). Contact the manufacturer for recommendations regarding fabrication and application procedures for use in this temperature range. For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 Cellular glass insulation has the potential to exhibit stress cracks if the rate of temperature change exceeds 200°F (112°C) per hour.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers mineral fiber pipe insulation that are formed into hollow cylinders for standard pipe and tubing sizes. The pipe insulation may be molded or precision v-grooved with one or more walls split longitudinally and used up to a specified temperature. The materials are classified into five types according to the processing method used to form the material and the operating temperatures and into two grades according to heating requirements. The mineral fiber insulation should be manufactured from molten mineral substances such as rock, slag, or glass and processed into fibrous form using a binder, and adhesives when preferred. All products should conform to the required values of hot surface performance, non-fibrous content, use temperature, sag resistance, linear shrinkage, water vapor sorption, surface-burning characteristics, apparent thermal conductivity, and mean temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers mineral fiber insulation produced to form hollow cylinders for standard pipe and tubing sizes. Use mineral fiber pipe insulation that has been either molded or precision v-grooved, with one or more walls split longitudinally for use on pipe temperatures up to 1400°F (760°C).  
1.2 For satisfactory performance, use properly installed protective vapor retarders or barriers on sub-ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture through or around the insulation to the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor barrier can lead to insulation and system damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection.  
1.3 Flexible mineral fiber wrap products such as perpendicular-oriented fiber insulation rolls, non-precision or manually scored block or board, or flexible boards or blankets used as pipe insulation, are not covered by this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 For Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) acceptance, materials must also comply with Supplemental Requirements. See Annex A1 of this standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat applies to the test methods portion, Section 11, only: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation. The material shall consist of a glass composition that has been foamed or cellulated under molten conditions, annealed, and set to form a rigid noncombustible material with hermetically sealed cells. The materials shall also be trimmed into rectangular or tapered blocks of standard dimensions. All specimens shall also comply with with qualification requirements such as compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity, hot-surface performance, thermal conductivity and surface burning characteristics. These properties shall be determined in accordance with test methods specified herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces operating at temperatures between −450 and 800°F (−268 and 427°C). It is possible that special fabrication or techniques for pipe insulation, or both, will be required for application in the temperature range from 250 to 800°F (121 to 427°C). Contact the manufacturer for recommendations regarding fabrication and application procedures for use in this temperature range. For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 It is anticipated that single-layer pipe insulation in half sections or the inner layer of a multilayer system have the potential to exhibit stress cracks above 250°F (122°C).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers molded expanded perlite block, fittings, and pipe thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces with temperatures of certain range. The insulation shall not have visible defects that will adversely affect its service qualities. Different test methods shall be performed in order to determine the properties of the block, fitting, and pipe insulations: density, apparent thermal conductivity, linear shrinkage after heat soaking, flexural strength, compressive strength, weight loss by tumbling, moisture content, water absorption after heat aging, surface bearing characteristics, hot-surface performance, and stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers molded expanded perlite block, fittings, and pipe thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces with temperatures between 80 to 1200°F (27 to 649°C).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to ensure satisfactory fit on standard sizes, to accommodate radial expansion of pipes and tubes which are heated after being insulated, and to minimize the number of insulation sizes and thicknesses to be manufactured and stocked.  
4.2 While it is possible to manufacturer insulation to these recommended dimensions, exercise care in attempting to nest layers of different materials, or layers supplied by different manufacturers. Individual manufacturing processes will operate at slightly different tolerances. While the product will fit the pipe, it is possible that it will not readily nest as the outer layer between the different materials, or with a different manufacturer, and possibly the same manufacturer. Exercise care to determine these differences before specifying or ordering nesting sizes.  
4.3 The wide range of outer diameter dimensional tolerances will prevent many pipe and tube insulations from nesting for staggered joints or double layered applications, or both unless specified when ordered from the manufacturer, distributor, or fabricator.  
4.4 Dimensions in accordance with this practice do not necessarily permit application of one thickness of pipe insulation over another (Nesting or Simplified Dimensional System) to obtain total thicknesses greater than those manufactured as single layer, or for multilayer application when desired.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended as a dimensional standard for preformed thermal insulation for pipes and tubing.  
1.2 This practice covers insulation supplied in cylindrical sections and lists recommended single layer inner and outer diameters of insulation having nominal wall thicknesses from 1/2 to 5 in. (13 to 127 mm) to fit over standard sizes of pipe and tubing.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers expanded or exfoliated vermiculite thermal insulating material in the form of dry cement or plaster, intended to be mixed with a suitable proportion of water, applied as a plastic mass, and dried in place, for use as insulation on surfaces. The cement shall be composed predominantly of expanded or exfoliated vermiculite, with a suitable proportion of heat-resistant binder. The following requirements are employed for purposes of initial material or product qualification: consistency, compressive strength, linear shrinkage, apparent thermal conductivity, and dry adhesion to steel. The consistency of the material, dry converting capacity and volume change upon drying, compressive strength, linear shrinkage, apparent thermal conductivity, and dry adhesion to steel shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers expanded or exfoliated vermiculite thermal insulating material in the form of dry cement or plaster, intended to be mixed with a suitable proportion of water, applied as a plastic mass, and dried in place, for use as insulation on surfaces operating at temperatures between 100°F (38°C) and 1800°F (982°C). The cement shall not be used where it will be exposed to combustion conditions, such as the hot face lining of a furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 10, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 When the installation or use of thermal insulation materials, accessories and systems, may pose safety or health problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user with appropriate current information regarding any known problems associated with the recommended use of the company's products. The manufacturer shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in the safe utilization of said products.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation. The material shall consist of a glass composition that has been foamed or cellulated under molten conditions, annealed, and set to form a rigid noncombustible material with hermetically sealed cells. The materials shall also be trimmed into rectangular or tapered blocks of standard dimensions. All specimens shall also comply with with qualification requirements such as compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity, hot-surface performance, thermal conductivity and surface burning characteristics. These properties shall be determined in accordance with test methods specified herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces operating at temperatures between −450 and 800°F (−268 and 427°C). It is possible that special fabrication or techniques for pipe insulation, or both, will be required for application in the temperature range from 250 to 800°F (121 to 427°C). Contact the manufacturer for recommendations regarding fabrication and application procedures for use in this temperature range. For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 It is anticipated that single-layer pipe insulation in half sections or the inner layer of a multilayer system have the potential to exhibit stress cracks above 250°F (122°C).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation. The material shall consist of a glass composition that has been foamed or cellulated under molten conditions, annealed, and set to form a rigid noncombustible material with hermetically sealed cells. The materials shall also be trimmed into rectangular or tapered blocks of standard dimensions. All specimens shall also comply with with qualification requirements such as compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity, hot-surface performance, thermal conductivity and surface burning characteristics. These properties shall be determined in accordance with test methods specified herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces operating at temperatures between −450 and 800°F (−268 and 427°C). It is possible that special fabrication or techniques for pipe insulation, or both, will be required for application in the temperature range from 250 to 800°F (121 to 427°C). Contact the manufacturer for recommendations regarding fabrication and application procedures for use in this temperature range. For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 It is anticipated that single-layer pipe insulation in half sections or the inner layer of a multilayer system have the potential to exhibit stress cracks above 250°F (122°C).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers molded expanded perlite block, fittings, and pipe thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces with temperatures of certain range. The insulation shall not have visible defects that will adversely affect its service qualities. Different test methods shall be performed in order to determine the properties of the block, fitting, and pipe insulations: density, apparent thermal conductivity, linear shrinkage after heat soaking, flexural strength, compressive strength, weight loss by tumbling, moisture content, water absorption after heat aging, surface bearing characteristics, hot-surface performance, and stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers molded expanded perlite block, fittings, and pipe thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces with temperatures between 80 to 1200°F (27 to 649°C).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers mineral fiber pipe insulation that are formed into hollow cylinders for standard pipe and tubing sizes. The pipe insulation may be molded or precision v-grooved with one or more walls split longitudinally and used up to a specified temperature. The materials are classified into five types according to the processing method used to form the material and the operating temperatures and into two grades according to heating requirements. The mineral fiber insulation should be manufactured from molten mineral substances such as rock, slag, or glass and processed into fibrous form using a binder, and adhesives when preferred. All products should conform to the required values of hot surface performance, non-fibrous content, use temperature, sag resistance, linear shrinkage, water vapor sorption, surface-burning characteristics, apparent thermal conductivity, and mean temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers mineral fiber insulation produced to form hollow cylinders for standard pipe and tubing sizes. The mineral fiber pipe insulation may be molded or precision v-grooved, with one or more walls split longitudinally for use on pipe temperatures up to 1400°F (760°C).  
1.2 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protective vapor retarders or barriers should be used on sub-ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture through or around the insulation to the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor barrier can lead to insulation and system damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection.  
1.3 Flexible mineral fiber wrap products such as perpendicular-oriented fiber insulation rolls, non-precision or manually scored block or board, or flexible boards or blankets used as pipe insulation, are not covered by this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 For Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) acceptance, materials must also comply with Supplemental Requirements. See Annex A1 of this standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat applies to the test methods portion, Section 11, only: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, physical properties, and product forms of microporous thermal insulation for use on surfaces at temperatures from 80°C [176°F] up to 1150°C [2102°F], unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser.  
1.2 This specification only covers microporous thermal insulation comprising compacted powder, fibers and opacifiers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation. The material shall consist of a glass composition that has been foamed or cellulated under molten conditions, annealed, and set to form a rigid noncombustible material with hermetically sealed cells. The materials shall also be trimmed into rectangular or tapered blocks of standard dimensions. All specimens shall also comply with with qualification requirements such as compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity, hot-surface performance, thermal conductivity and surface burning characteristics. These properties shall be determined in accordance with test methods specified herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces operating at temperatures between −450 and 800°F (−268 and 427°C). It is possible that special fabrication or techniques for pipe insulation, or both, will be required for application in the temperature range from 250 to 800°F (121 to 427°C). Contact the manufacturer for recommendations regarding fabrication and application procedures for use in this temperature range. For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 It is anticipated that single-layer pipe insulation in half sections or the inner layer of a multilayer system have the potential to exhibit stress cracks above 250°F (122°C).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This system of dimensions provides a guide for forming thermal insulation in advance of field application. Forming is done by cutting, grinding, milling, or molding, depending upon the method most suitable for the thermal insulation being fabricated. It is equally applicable for all service temperature ranges.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides tables of dimensions of preformed insulation that shall be used in fabricating covers for use on valves, ells, tees, flanges, and vessels in the pressure range from 150 to 1500 psi (1 to 10 MPa). These tables, which are part of this standard, are published separately as the ASTM Recommended Dimensional Standards for Fabrication of Thermal Insulation Fitting Covers for NPS Piping, and Vessel Lagging. The tables provide dimensions for use in forming pipe fitting covers for NPS pipe operating at high temperature and low temperature. The tables also include dimensions for use in forming thermal insulation into curved segments, and lagging, for application on vessels. This practice does not apply to reflective-type insulation.  
1.2 This practice does not specify fabrication methods. Thermal insulation for fitting covers is formed by numerous fabrication methods. In general, insulations are cut by circular or band saws, shaped by grinders or millers, or molded. Each method has certain advantages and disadvantages, depending upon the material to be formed, number of cuts required, material waste permissible, and quantity of fittings being produced. Fitting parts are assembled using adhesives and fabrication cements applied using dip pots, rollers, doctor blades, brush, or trowel, depending upon the materials being used. Any specification of the fabrication techniques is beyond the scope of this standard.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Insulations that are used as a part of the thermal insulation system in contact with austenitic stainless steels have the potential to become contaminated with water soluble corrosive ions which, in turn, if permitted to reach the stainless steel surface, are possible to contribute to external stress corrosion cracking (ESCC). Therefore, it is important to reduce the exposure of such insulating materials to water-soluble corrosive ion compounds at all stages of manufacture, handling, shipping, storage, and application. During manufacture, precautions shall be taken to minimize water soluble corrosive ion content, both in the material and as surface contamination. Once the manufacture is complete, care must be exercised during handling, transporting, shipping, storage, receiving, and application to avoid contamination with corrosive ions that can be transported by water through the insulation materials onto the stainless steel surface. This practice presents criteria which, if followed, will minimize the risks of ESCC associated with the application of insulation materials. It must be emphasized, however, that because of the many variable factors present, complete freedom from ESCC can not be assured under all circumstances, even when following the guidance of this practice.  
4.2 Continued protection of the insulation and the stainless steel surface from moisture and contamination after the insulation system is installed and over its entire service life is of significant importance. In-service contamination has the potential to occur from many sources; for example, from airborne contaminates, rain or salt spray, periodic fire sprinkler system tests, wash-downs, or process leakage. Weather barrier jacketing systems and proper application shall be chosen to provide long-term protection in the intended use environment.  
4.3 The entire insulation system shall be periodically inspected and maintained. Insulation that is suspected of contamination shall be reteste...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to provide guidance and direction in the handling, transporting, shipping, storage, receiving, and application of thermal insulating materials to be used as a surface treatment or as part of the thermal insulation system in contact with austenitic stainless steel.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers perpendicularly oriented mineral fiber roll and sheet thermal insulation for use on the flat, curved, or round surfaces of pipes and tanks. The orientation of the rock, slag, or glass fibers within the roll or sheet insulation is essentially perpendicular to the heated/cooled surface. Materials covered in this specification do not include flat block, board, duct wrap, or preformed pipe mineral fiber insulation where the insulation fiber orientation is generally parallel to the heated/cooled surface. In low-temperature applications, properly installed protective vapor retarders should be used to prevent water vapor from moving through or around the insulation towards the colder surface. The materials are classified into six types according to the maximum use temperature and maximum apparent thermal conductivity and into two categories according to minimum compressive resistance. Samples taken from the materials should be tested according to the recommended procedures and should conform to the required values of corrosiveness to steel, stress corrosion to austenitic stainless steel, shot content, maximum use temperature, maximum exothermic temperature rise, and compressive resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, dimensions, and physical properties of compression-resistant, perpendicularly oriented mineral fiber (rock, slag, or glass) roll and sheet insulation intended for use on flat, curved, or round surfaces operating at temperatures between 0°F (–18°C) and 1000°F (538°C). This product (pipe and tank insulation) is typically used on nominal 24 in. (610 mm) or greater diameter surfaces. For specific applications, the actual use temperatures and diameters shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 The orientation of the fibers within the roll or sheet insulation is essentially perpendicular to the heated/cooled surface (parallel to heat flow). This specification does not apply to flat block, board, duct wrap, or preformed pipe mineral fiber insulation where the insulation fiber orientation is generally parallel to the heated/cooled surface (across the heat flow).  
1.3 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protective vapor retarders must be used in below ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture/water vapor through or around the insulation towards the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor retarder can lead to insulation and system damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection. Although vapor retarders properties are not part of this specification, properties required in Specification C1136 are pertinent to application or performance.  
1.4 When the installation or use of thermal materials, accessories, and systems may pose safety or health problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user-appropriate current information regarding any known problems associated with the recommended use for the products of the company and shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in their safe utilization. The user shall establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers mineral fiber block and board thermal insulation. Mineral fiber board insulation covered by this specification shall be classified into types and categories; category 1 - no compressive resistance properties are required, category 2 - minimum compressive resistance properties are required, type V, grade A - requires no heat-up schedule, type V, grade B - heat-up schedule is required. Mineral fiber block and semi-rigid and rigid board insulation shall be composed of rock, slag, or glass processed from the molten state into fibrous form and bonded with organic or inorganic binders or both. A detectable odor of objectionable nature recorded by more than two of five panel members shall constitute rejection. When tested and evaluated, the corrosion resulting from insulation in contact with steel plates shall be judged to be no greater than for comparative plates in contact with sterile cotton. When tested and evaluated at its delivered thickness, all mineral fiber (rock, slag, and glass) board and block must qualify to be semi-rigid or rigid. When tested, the board and block insulation shall not warp, flame, or glow during hot surface exposure. When tested, the midpoint temperature shall not at any time exceed the hot surface temperature by more than 200°F (111°C). Determine the thermal conductivity as a function of temperature for the representative specimens with data obtained from a series of thermal tests. The compressive resistance, linear shrinkage, water vapour sorption, odor emission, and rigidity or semi-rigidity shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the classification, composition, dimension, and physical properties of mineral fiber (rock, slag, or glass) semi-rigid and rigid board intended for the use as thermal insulation on surfaces operating at temperatures between 0°F (-18°C) and 1800°F (982°C). For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser.  
1.2 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protective vapor retarder or barriers shall be used on below ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of water through or around the insulation towards the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor retarder or barrier can lead to insulation and system damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection. Although vapor retarder properties are not part of this specification, properties required in Specification C1136 are pertinent to applications or performance.  
1.3 The orientation of the fibers within the boards is primarily parallel to the principal surface (face). This specification does not cover fabricated pipe and tank wrap insulation where the insulation has been cut and fabricated to provide a fiber orientation that is perpendicular to the surface (face).  
1.4 This standard does not purport to provide the performance requirements of hourly-rated fire systems. Consult the manufacturer for the appropriate system.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation. The material shall consist of a glass composition that has been foamed or cellulated under molten conditions, annealed, and set to form a rigid noncombustible material with hermetically sealed cells. The materials shall also be trimmed into rectangular or tapered blocks of standard dimensions. All specimens shall also comply with with qualification requirements such as compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity, hot-surface performance, thermal conductivity and surface burning characteristics. These properties shall be determined in accordance with test methods specified herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces operating at temperatures between −450 and 800°F (−268 and 427°C). It is possible that special fabrication or techniques for pipe insulation, or both, will be required for application in the temperature range from 250 to 800°F (121 to 427°C). Contact the manufacturer for recommendations regarding fabrication and application procedures for use in this temperature range. For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 It is anticipated that single-layer pipe insulation in half sections or the inner layer of a multilayer system have the potential to exhibit stress cracks above 250°F (122°C).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers non-metallic thermal insulation for use in contact with austenitic stainless steel piping and equipment. The material shall conform to the established requirements of the basic material specification. The physical and chemical requirements shall conform to the requirements of the basic material specification. Preproduction corrosion test and chemical analysis shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers non-metallic thermal insulation for use in contact with austenitic stainless steel piping and equipment. In addition to meeting the requirements specified in their individual material specifications, issued under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16, these insulations must pass the preproduction test requirements of Test Method C692, for stress corrosion effects on austenitic stainless steel, and the confirming quality control, chemical requirements, when tested in accordance with the Test Methods C871.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.