SyC Smart Cities - Electrotechnical aspects of Smart Cities

IEC SRD 63520:2024, which is a Systems Reference Deliverable (SRD), provides the concept system of energy challenges in smart cities, using the methodology framework and development processes in IEC SRD 63235.
This document is applicable to development and improvement of the terms and concepts relevant to energy challenges in smart cities.
As global climate change and energy scarcity become increasingly prominent, it is important that cities and stakeholders proactively address energy challenges to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. According to the IEC White Paper Coping with the Energy Challenge – The IEC's role from 2010 to 2030, cities are facing the following major energy challenges: stabilizing climate impact from fossil fuel use; meeting the energy demands of a growing urban population; bringing electricity to citizens without access; ensuring stable and secure energy access for all cities.
Cities are very complex "system of systems", including power grid (energy), industry, buildings, transport, water, waste and other domains, each of which plays an important role. Various domains play an important role in coping with urban energy challenges. On the one hand, not only is it important for the power grid domain to be transformed, but also for industry, buildings, transport and other domains to take proactive measures. Therefore, it is essential for stakeholders in different domains to reach a consensus on energy challenges (including but not limited to the intension, solutions, visions, etc.), which is conducive to improving the pertinency, systematization and effectiveness of the city's response to energy challenges. On the other hand, from the perspective of urban governance, it is not the most effective for each domain to cope with energy challenges independently, and the comprehensive governance capacity of cities to cope with energy challenges can be significantly improved through cross-domain collaboration, interoperability and integration.
Semantic interoperability is proposed by the IEC White Paper Semantic Interoperability: challenges in the digital transformation age. Research on semantic interoperability is being carried out or planned in the future in the domains of city, power grid (energy), industry, buildings, transport, etc. For example, in the domain of city, IEC SRD 63476-1 provides a gap analysis of smart city ontology; in the domain of power grid (energy), IEC SRD 63417:–[1] provides guidance and planning for the development of smart energy ontologies. Domain-based ontologies have been developed for semantic interoperability in a specific domain, but there is a lack of cross-domain semantic interoperability research. IEC SRD 63417:– includes the following recommendation: "Start a joint work with IEC SyC Smart Cities and IEC SyC Smart Energy on cross domain ontologies".
From the perspective of urban governance, focusing on cross-domain semantic interoperability and at the same time considering the diversity of technology application in rural and remote areas, this document builds a concept system for energy challenges in smart cities, covering core concepts such as intension, stakeholders, solutions and visions of energy challenges. As semantic interoperability research is being carried out or planned in power grid (energy), industry, buildings, transport and other domains, SyC Smart Cities will not be involved in semantic interoperability within these domains. The concept system of this document contains the core concepts of the city domain and the core concepts of cross-domain. The core concepts relevant to energy challenges in other domains, such as power grid (energy), industry, buildings, transport, etc., are developed for semantic interoperability within each domain and fall outside the scope of this document. The purpose of this document includes, but is not limited to:
fostering the coordination of perspectives on energy challenges among stakeholders in different domains of city,

IEC SRD 63476-1:2024 provides a gap analysis on ontology relevant standards for smart city systems to be used as a base document for mapping, developing and maintaining a set of ontology standards for smart city systems.
Ontology is becoming a key subject in the world of big data, AI, IoT, and smart city system standards. The following benefits of ontology are recognized as important with respect to interoperability, connectivity, traceability of digital content, particularly machine readability, executability and interpretability of digital content for decision making and actions.
- Increase interoperability across domains.
- Enable machine-readable code for computational reasoning and decision making.
- Create semantic linkages between data, information and knowledge systems.
- Build accessible APIs and semantic linkages between web-based data objects.
- Link data domains with shared concepts or canonical data models.
- Connect shared data concepts and definitions between domains.
However, ontology has a variety of definitions in different international standards. How to understand different meanings of ontology and select the right definition for the right stakeholders’ concerns for the right purposes is a big challenge for effective integration of business, data, information, knowledge and decision making, across disciplines, domains, systems, platforms and applications in smart cites. Moreover, how to deal with the grand challenges of interoperability of many and various ontologies to satisfy the demands from artificial intelligence and big data analytics are gaps to be filled in the area of smart city systems. How to develop digital content that is machine readable, executable and interpretable, working in the system without human effort for a smart city system are emerging needs to be studied. There are significant demands for better communication, coordination, cooperation, collaboration and connectivity of existing ontology standards to smart cities practical sectors. This document aims:
• to identify existing ontology standards from different Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) and to provide best practice examples and considerations of ontology standards development and maintenance for smart city systems;
• to identify gaps in existing ontology standards for smart city systems and the opportunities and challenges in ontology standards development taking into account multi-dimensional and muti-domain stakeholders’ concerns city wide, and to provide recommendations for ontology standards development and maintenance to enable integration, interoperability, efficiency and effectiveness of smart city systems.

IEC SRD 63233-4:2024 This document is part 4 of the IEC SRD 63233 series and proposes a guidance on identifying and mapping standards for public health emergencies following the methodology of IEC SRD 63233-1:2022. It guides identifying and categorizing relevant standards for epidemic prevention and control, and links to a database with cataloged standards for easy use by cities.

IEC SRD 63273-2:2024 series aims to scope out the requirements of city information modelling standards by collecting and analysing its use cases. Specifically, the IEC SRD 63273 series achieves the objectives of identifying the key application areas and stakeholders, developing user stories and clarifying the relationship among these stakeholders, collecting and analysing use cases of city information modelling, scoping out the requirements for city information modelling standards and providing recommendations to IEC regarding urban planning and management.
The IEC SRD 63273 part 2: 2024 develops the list of user stories and the database of use cases, conducts integrative analyses of the use cases, scopes out the requirements of city information modelling standards and provides recommendations for IEC and other standards development organizations (SDOs) regarding urban planning and management using city information modelling.

IEC SRD 63320-1:2023 In recent years, research on the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) and cities, focused on imagining the future of urban planning, has been one of the most interesting topics in the industry. Smart urban planning (SUP) for smart cities is a relatively new concept and has not received much attention around the world. The “smartness” of urban planning describes the intensive use of digital technologies to optimize the urban planning process. The concept of "smart city" has been implemented and developed all over the world. In order to construct a smart city successfully, knowing how to implement SUP for smart cities is essential, because it is the foundation of smart urban construction. However, at present, reaching a consensus on the overall architecture of standards of SUP for smart cities is still challenging.
This part of IEC SRD 63320 explains the definition, development goals and theoretical models of smart urban planning use case collection and analyses. This document identifies the key application areas of smart urban planning and determines the stakeholders and the relationships among them in the guidance of use case template.

IEC SRD 63273-1:2023 series aims to scope out the requirements of city information modelling standards by collecting and analysing its use cases. Specifically, the IEC SRD 63273 series achieves the objectives of identifying the key application areas and stakeholders, developing user stories and clarifying the relationship among these stakeholders, collecting and analysing use cases of city information modelling, scoping out the requirements for city information modelling standards and providing recommendations to IEC regarding urban planning and management.
The IEC SRD 63273 part 1 explains how the work of city information modelling use case collection and analysis address sustainable development goals, provides a brief overview of city information modelling, and identifies the key application areas and stakeholders of city information modelling, identifies the key application areas of city information modelling, and determines the stakeholders and the relationships among them in these application areas.

IEC SRD 63233-2:2023 At present, several standards organizations around the world are developing standards for smart cities, but they focus on different aspects of cities. Because a smart city needs a long-term investment, it should provide stakeholders with many standard views with different perspectives as the basis for future investments.
This document is Part 2 of the IEC SRD 63233 series on smart city standards inventory and mapping. Part 1 provides the methodology for inventory and mapping of standards. Part 4 providing guidance on standards for public health emergencies, and Part 3 designed as a standards map are under development.
This document provides a catalogue of the identified standards related to the smart city system according to the criteria specified in IEC SRD 63233-1. This catalogue, as a database or inventory, can provide users with a function to search the smart city-related standard information with the hyperlinks to the searched standards. The inventory of Smart City standards includes not only the existing standards but also those under development officially registered in standards development organizations (SDOs). The inventory is comprehensive, and it provides an overview of each standard catalogued. The users (e.g. designers and implementers of smart cities) can use this inventory to select an appropriate set of standards for their design and implementations. The standards inventory is available online. It will be maintained and updated regularly.

IEC SRD 63152-2:2022 provides design guidelines for implementation of city service continuity (CSC) specified in IEC 63152 and includes city service cases for various target organizations (municipality, town developer, building administrator, etc.). The city service cases included are not only for emergency use but also for normal time use.

The Smart Cities Reference Architecture Methodology (SCRAM) proposes a common methodology for developing the Smart Cities Reference Architecture (SCRA), which is a tailorable template for architectures of, practically, any city system. SCRAM reviews and defines the desired characteristics of Smart Cities, diverse SCRA viewpoints and corresponding SCRA model types in order to promote consistency and uniformity across architectures for various smart cities.

IEC SRD 63233-1:2022 The smart city standards inventory and mapping project was initiated to provide a systematic approach to retrieve and map the standards of smart cities on smart city reference architectures, models or frameworks and provide fundamental support for the collaborative work of standard-setters and users. Standards maps are the practical base for helping SDOs and users to identify directly and instantly the standards that are needed for any aspects of smart cities (citizen services, city infrastructure, governance, etc.). Standards maps also help in identifying the standardization gap in the ecosystem.

IEC SRD 63235:2021 provides a holistic system of systems approach to provide views, methodology framework, principles, processes, rules, and evaluation criteria for smart city system concepts building. While it does not specify the definitions of a smart city system, it provides a methodology based on system approaches for coordination, cooperation and connectivity of the terminology sources including IEC, ISO and ITU. The methodology fosters a multi-dimensional system of systems view on smart city systems across dimensions, domains and layers along the lifecycle of a smart city system, scenarios and use cases, supporting the sustainable development of smart city system arrangements, activities and artefacts, convergence of people, process and productivity globally.

IEC 63152:2020 establishes concepts and gives guidelines to help sustain a variety of city services on the occasion of a disaster from the perspective of providing electricity. It outlines the basic concepts on how multiple city services can cooperate and continue by electricity continuity plan(s) and electricity continuity system(s). It also specifies methods and means to establish these.
The users of this document are assumed to be city developers, city operators, equipment manufacturers, essential service providers and disaster management personnel.
Cities are facing many kinds of potential threats which affect the continuity of city services. There exists, therefore, a great need to establish safe and secure societies in which negative impacts on city services to the citizens are minimized and city services are continuously available to them during a period of emergency. There is no doubt that, in modern cities, electricity plays a critical role in maintaining city services.