ISO/TC 110/SC 2/WG 2 - Safety code

This document specifies safety requirements and the means for their verification for driverless industrial trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks) and their systems. Examples of driverless industrial trucks (trucks as defined in ISO 5053‑1:2020) include: “automated guided vehicle”, “autonomous mobile robot”, “bots”, “automated guided cart”, “tunnel tugger”, “under cart”, etc. This document is also applicable to driverless industrial trucks which are provided with: — automatic modes which either require operators’ action(s) to initiate or enable such automatic operations; — the capability to transport one or more riders (which are neither considered as drivers nor as operators); — additional manual modes which allow operators to operate the truck manually; or — a maintenance mode which allows manual operation of truck functions for maintenance reasons. This document is not applicable to trucks solely guided by mechanical means (rails, guides, etc.) or to remotely-controlled trucks, which are not considered to be driverless trucks. For the purposes of this document, a driverless industrial truck is a powered truck, which is designed to operate automatically. A driverless truck system comprises the control system, which can be part of the truck and/or separate from it, guidance means and power system. Requirements for power sources are not covered in this document. The condition of the operating zone has a significant effect on the safe operation of the driverless industrial truck. The preparations of the operating zone to eliminate the associated hazards are specified in Annex A. This document is applicable to all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events during all phases of the life of the truck (ISO 12100:2010, 5.4), as listed in Annex B, relevant to the applicable machines when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. In particular, this document does not apply to significant hazards related to: — noise; — vibrations; — ionising and non-ionising radiation; — laser radiation; — sales literature (commercial documents); — declaration of vibrations transmitted by mobile machinery. It does not apply to additional hazards that can occur: — during operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer applications, strong magnetic fields); — during operation in nuclear environments; — from trucks intended to operate in public zones (see in particular ISO 13482:2014); — during operation on a public road; — during operation in potentially explosive environments; — during operation in military applications; — during operation with specific hygienic requirements; — during operation in ionizing radiation environments; — during the transportation of (a) person(s) other than (the) intended rider(s); — when handling loads the nature of which can lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metals, acids/bases, radiating materials); — for rider positions with elevation function higher than 1 200 mm from the floor/ground to the platform floor. This document does not contain safety requirements for trailer(s) being towed behind a truck. This document does not contain safety requirements for elevated operator trucks. This document does not apply to trucks manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document gives safety requirements and the means for their verification for self-propelled industrial variable-reach trucks and variable-reach container handlers/reach stackers as defined in ISO 5053‑1 (hereafter referred to as trucks), equipped with forks or integral load-handling devices for normal industrial duties (e.g. fork arms or means, such as spreaders, for handling containers). This document does not apply to: — rough-terrain variable-reach trucks, — rough-terrain variable-reach trucks for handling containers, — lorry mounted trucks covered by ISO 20297-1, — machines designed primarily for earth-moving (e.g. loaders and dozers), even when their buckets and blades are replaced with forks, — machines from which the load can swing freely in all directions. This document is not applicable to trucks manufactured before the date of its publication. For the purposes of this document, fork arms and integrated attachments are considered to be a part of the truck, whereas attachments/equipment/tools mounted on the load carrier or on the fork arms which are removable by the user are not. Nevertheless, for interchangeable equipment, which is assembled with the truck by the operator in order to change the function of, or attribute a new function to, the truck, this document does provide requirements for: — the interface with the truck, — protection of the operator in the normal operating position from crushing and shearing hazards, — operating and maintenance instructions, — load charts, — marking, — provision for transportation, and, — indicator lights for attachments for lifting containers Any regional requirements additional to the provisions of this document are addressed in EN 16307-2:2023 and ISO/TS 3691‑8. This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events, as listed in Annex B, with the exception of the following, relevant to the applicable machines when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It does not establish requirements for hazards that can occur: — during construction; — when using trucks on public roads; — when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres; — when lifting persons; or — during dismantling, disabling and scrapping. This document does not provide requirements for: — tools, lifting accessories or removeable attachments, which do not change the function or attribute a new function, mounted on the load carrier or fork arms; — attachments/equipment mounted on the load carrier or on the fork arms which are removable by the user and which change the function or attribute a new function, except as stated above; — the reliability of control systems and performance requirements for safety related parts of control systems; or — the requirement for fitting an enclosed cab, whether pressurized or not.

This document gives safety requirements and the means for their verification for self-propelled carriers designed for carrying burdens without lifting, as defined in ISO 5053‑1:2020, and/or personnel carriers, having three or more wheels, a maximum speed not exceeding 56 km/h and a load capacity not exceeding 5 000 kg (hereafter referred to as carriers or trucks). This document is applicable to trucks equipped with a platform (which can be tilting) for the purpose of carrying materials or with a number of seats for the purpose of transporting passengers. It is not applicable to: — vehicles intended primarily for earth-moving or over-the-road hauling; — driverless trucks; — pedestrian controlled trucks; — golf cars; — tractors with a drawbar pull up to and including 20 000 N equipped with a platform for the purpose of carrying materials. This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events, as listed in Annex A, relevant to the applicable machines when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. This document does not deal with hazard due to the risk of break-up during operation. It does not establish requirements for hazards that can occur when using trucks on public roads or when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres. It does not establish requirements to provide fire extinguishers. Regional requirements, additional to the requirements given in this document, are addressed in EN 16307‑6:2014 and ISO/TS 3691‑8:2019.

This document gives safety requirements for the application, operation, maintenance, transport, tow, assembly and storage of industrial trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks) as defined in ISO 5053‑1. It applies to the following truck types: a) counterbalance lift trucks; b) reach trucks (with retractable mast or retractable fork arm carriage); c) straddle trucks; d) pallet-stacking trucks; e) platform trucks; f) double stackers; g) side-loading trucks (one side only); h) lateral-stacking trucks (both sides), and lateral- and front-stacking trucks; i) order-picking trucks; j) bidirectional and multidirectional trucks; k) counterbalance container handlers; l) articulated counterbalance lift trucks; m) variable-reach trucks; n) pallet trucks; o) platform and stillage trucks; p) tractors with a drawbar pull up to and including 20 000 N; q) burden and personnel carriers; r) trucks powered by battery, diesel, gasoline or gas (e.g. LPG, CNG, LNG). Automated functions and driverless variants of the above list of trucks are also considered part of this scope.

This document gives regional requirements for specific countries outside the European Community (EC) and European Economic Area (EEA) for the types of industrial trucks specified in the scopes of ISO 3691-1, ISO 3691-2, ISO 3691-3, ISO 3691-4 and ISO 3691-6.

ISO 3691-3:2016 gives safety requirements and the means for their verification, additional to those of ISO 3691‑1, for industrial trucks with a vertical, non-tilting mast: a) those trucks having an elevating operator position, and order‑picking trucks, as defined in ISO 5053‑1, where the elevating operator position and the load‑handling device lifts to a height of more than 1 200 mm above ground level; b) lateral- and front-stacking trucks, as defined in ISO 5053‑1, designed to travel with a load-handling device elevated more than 1 200 mm above ground level, with the load-handling device elevated, lowered or laterally displaced, laden or unladen, while the truck is travelling. These trucks are designed to travel indoors on a smooth, level surface (e.g. concrete) and can be guided, unguided, or both, when in use; they are not intended to tow or push. ISO 3691-3:2016 is not applicable to stacker trucks which handle two loads, one on the forks and the other on the support arms, this type of truck being covered by ISO 3691‑1. It is not applicable to trucks with an elevating operator position up to and including 1 200 mm, or to trucks specifically designed to travel with an elevated load having a fork height up to and including 1 200 mm above ground level. It is not applicable to low-level order pickers with elevating operator's position up to and including 1 200 mm lift height which can be equipped with an additional load lifting device having a maximum lift height of 1 800 mm from ground level. ISO 3691-3:2016 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations, or hazardous events, as listed in Annex A, relevant to the applicable machines when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It does not establish requirements for hazards that can occur when using trucks on public roads or when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres. Regional requirements, additional to the requirements given in this part of ISO 3691, are addressed in ISO/TS 3691‑7 and ISO/TS 3691‑8.

ISO 3691-5:2014 gives safety requirements and the means for their verification for the following types of pedestrian-propelled trucks, equipped with load-handling devices for normal industrial duties, e.g. fork arms and platforms, or integrated attachments for special applications: pedestrian-propelled straddle stackers, pallet stackers, industrial trucks with capacities not exceeding 1 000 kg with manual or electrical battery-powered lifting, low-lift pallet trucks with lift height up to 300 mm and rated capacity up to 2 300 kg, scissor-lift pallet trucks with lift heights up to 1 000 mm or rated capacity up to 1 000 kg with manual or electrical battery-powered lifting. It is applicable to trucks provided with either manual or electrical battery-powered lifting, operating on smooth, level, hard surfaces.

This document specifies safety requirements and the means for their verification for driverless industrial trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks) and their systems. Examples of driverless industrial trucks (trucks of ISO 5053-1) can also be known as: "automated guided vehicle", "autonomous mobile robot", "bots", "automated guided cart", "tunnel tugger", "under cart", etc. This document also contains requirements for driverless industrial trucks which are provided with: — automatic modes which either require operators' action(s) to initiate or enable such automatic operations; — the capability to transport one or more riders (which are neither considered as drivers nor as operators); — additional manual modes which allow operators to operate the truck manually; or — a maintenance mode which allows manual operation of truck functions for maintenance reasons. It is not applicable to trucks solely guided by mechanical means (rails, guides, etc.) or to remotely controlled trucks, which are not considered to be driverless trucks. For the purposes of this document, a driverless industrial truck is a powered truck, which is designed to operate automatically. A driverless truck system comprises the control system, which can be part of the truck and/or separate from it, guidance means and power system. Requirements for power sources are not covered in this document. The condition of the operating zone has a significant effect on the safe operation of the driverless industrial truck. The preparations of the operating zone to eliminate the associated hazards are specified in Annex A. This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events during all phases of the life of the truck (ISO 12100:2010, 5.4), as listed in Annex B, relevant to the applicable machines when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It does not give requirements for additional hazards that can occur: — during operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer applications, strong magnetic fields); — during operation in nuclear environments; — from trucks intended to operate in public zones (in particular ISO 13482); — during operation on a public road; — during operation in potentially explosive environments; — during operation in military applications; — during operation with specific hygienic requirements; — during operation in ionizing radiation environments; — during the transportation of (a) person(s) other than (the) intended rider(s); — when handling loads the nature of which can lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metals, acids/bases, radiating materials); — for rider positions with elevation function higher than 1 200 mm from the floor/ground to the platform floor. This document does not contain safety requirements for trailer(s) being towed behind a truck. This document does not contain safety requirements for elevated operator trucks. This document is not applicable to trucks manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 3691-6:2013 gives safety requirements and the means for their verification for self-propelled carriers designed for carrying burdens without lifting, as defined in ISO 5053, and/or personnel carriers, having three or more wheels, a maximum speed not exceeding 56 km/h and a load capacity not exceeding 5 000 kg. It is applicable to trucks equipped with a platform (which can be tilting) for the purpose of carrying materials or with a number of seats for the purpose of transporting passengers. It is not applicable to vehicles intended primarily for earth-moving or over-the-road hauling, driverless trucks, golf cars, or tractors with a drawbar pull up to and including 20 000 N equipped with a platform for the purpose of carrying materials.

ISO 3691-5:2009 gives safety requirements and the means for their verification for the following types of pedestrian-propelled trucks, equipped with load-handling devices for normal industrial duties, e.g. fork arms and platforms, or integrated attachments for special applications: pedestrian-propelled straddle stackers, pallet stackers, industrial trucks with capacities not exceeding 1 000 kg with manual or electrical battery-powered lifting, low-lift pallet trucks with lift height up to 300 mm and rated capacity up to 2 300 kg, scissor-lift pallet trucks with lift heights up to 1 000 mm or rated capacity up to 1 000 kg with manual or electrical battery-powered lifting.