ASTM D381-04
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
Standard Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The true significance of this test method for determining gum in motor gasoline is not firmly established. It has been proved that high gum can cause induction-system deposits and sticking of intake valves, and in most instances, it can be assumed that low gum will ensure absence of induction-system difficulties. The user should, however, realize that the test method is not of itself correlative to induction-system deposits. The primary purpose of the test method, as applied to motor gasoline, is the measurement of the oxidation products formed in the sample prior to or during the comparatively mild conditions of the test procedure. Since many motor gasolines are purposely blended with nonvolatile oils or additives, the heptane extraction step is necessary to remove these from the evaporation residue so that the deleterious material, gum, may be determined. With respect to aviation turbine fuels, large quantities of gum are indicative of contamination of fuel by higher boiling oils or particulate matter and generally reflect poor handling practices in distribution downstream of the refinery.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the existent gum content of aviation fuels, and the gum content of motor gasolines or other volatile distillates in their finished form, (including those containing alcohol and ether type oxygenates and deposit control additives) at the time of test.
1.2 Provisions are made for the determination of the heptane insoluble portion of the residue of non-aviation fuels.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The accepted SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa); the accepted SI unit for temperature is degrees Celsius.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.4, 7.4, and 9.1.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D381–04
Designation: 131/99
Standard Test Method for
1
Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 381; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheexistent 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
gum content of aviation fuels, and the gum content of motor 3.1.1 existent gum—the evaporation residue of aviation
gasolines or other volatile distillates in their finished form, fuels, without any further treatment.
(including those containing alcohol and ether type oxygenates 3.2 For non-aviation fuels, the following definitions apply.
and deposit control additives) at the time of test. 3.3 solvent washed gum content—the residue remaining
1.2 Provisionsaremadeforthedeterminationoftheheptane when the evaporation residue (see 3.4) has been washed with
insoluble portion of the residue of non-aviation fuels. heptane and the washings discarded.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 3.3.1 Discussion—For motor gasoline or non-aviation gaso-
standard. The accepted SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa); line, solvent washed gum content was previously referred to as
the accepted SI unit for temperature is degrees Celsius. existent gum.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.4 unwashed gum content—the evaporation residue of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the product or component under test, without any further treat-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- ment.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
4.1 A measured quantity of fuel is evaporated under con-
warning statements, see 6.4, 7.4, and 9.1.
trolled conditions of temperature and flow of air or steam. For
2. Referenced Documents
aviation gasoline and aviation turbine fuel, the resulting
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: residue is weighed and reported as milligrams per 100 mL. For
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and motor gasoline, the residue is weighed before and after
Petroleum Products extracting with heptane and the results reported as milligrams
E 1 Specification forASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers per 100 mL.
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
5. Significance and Use
Determine Conformance with Specifications
2.2 Energy Institute Standard: 5.1 The true significance of this test method for determining
gum in motor gasoline is not firmly established. It has been
IP Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum
3
Products proved that high gum can cause induction-system deposits and
sticking of intake valves, and in most instances, it can be
assumed that low gum will ensure absence of induction-system
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
difficulties. The user should, however, realize that the test
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
method is not of itself correlative to induction-system deposits.
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
The primary purpose of the test method, as applied to motor
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally
approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 381– 03.
gasoline, is the measurement of the oxidation products formed
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization
in the sample prior to or during the comparatively mild
Committee. This test method was issued as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1965.
2
conditions of the test procedure. Since many motor gasolines
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM are purposely blended with nonvolatile oils or additives, the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
heptane extraction step is necessary to remove these from the
the ASTM website.
evaporation residue so that the deleterious material, gum, may
3
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
be determined. With respect to aviation turbine fuels, large
U.K.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.