ASTM E473-06a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for which ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo-as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermalas a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.
1.3 Definitions that are similar to those published by another standards body are identified with the abbreviation of the name of the organization: for example, ICTAC is the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and the year of the last review or revision is appended.
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Designation:E473–06a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal
analysis experiment.
1.1 Thisterminologyisacompilationofdefinitionsofterms
used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and
NOTE 2—In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the
rheology.Thisterminologyincludesonlythosetermsforwhich
furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for
controlled-temperature experiments. The program may include heating or
ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It
cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate,
is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to
isothermal segments in which time becomes the explicit independent
thermal analysis and rheology.
variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmosphere
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word
(or vacuum) around the sample is changed by some external action
form for terms using thermo-as a prefix, such as thermoana-
(depending on the independent variable only—temperature or time)
lytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for
during the course of the experiment, that too becomes part of the
some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal controlled-temperature program.
analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it
curve,thermal,n—theplotofaparameteragainsttemperature
recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word
or time. (ICTAC) (1999)
form using thermalas a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or
dielectric thermal analysis, (DETA or DEA), n—a technique
thermalmagnetometry.
in which the dielectric constant (permittivity, or capacitance)
1.3 Definitionsthataresimilartothosepublishedbyanother
and dielectric loss (conductance) of a substance under
standards body are identified with the abbreviation of the name
oscillating electric field are measured as a function of
of the organization: for example, ICTAC is the International
temperature or time while the substance is subjected to a
Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.
controlled-temperature program in a specified atmophere.
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-
(ICTAC) (1999)
mation included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and
derivative, adj—pertaining to the first derivative (mathemati-
the year of the last review or revision is appended.
cal) of any curve with respect to temperature or time.
differential, adj—pertaining to a difference in measured or
2. Terminology
measureable quantities usually between a substance and
combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to
some reference or standard material.
different samples at the same time. (ICTAC) (1999)
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), n—A technique in
controlled-rate thermal analysis, (CRTA), n—a family of
which the heat flow difference into a substance and a
techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile
reference material is measured as a function of temperature
needed to maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a
while the substance and reference material are subjected to a
property of a substance. (ICTAC) (1999)
controlled-temperature program. (ICTAC) (1999)
NOTE 1—Compared to controlled-temperature experiments, where the
NOTE 3—The record is the differential scanning calorimetric or DSC
reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can become
curve. Two modes, power compensation differential scanning calorimetry,
limited by heat or mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more likely to
and heat flux differential scanning calorimetry can be distinguished,
involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This technique can also
depending on the method of measurement used.
improve the resolution of multiple reactions. For example, in controlled
rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate differential thermal analysis(DTA),n—Atechnique in which
of mass loss (or gain).
the temperature difference between the substance and a
reference material is measured as a function of temperature,
controlled-temperatureprogram,n—the temperature history
while the substance and reference material are subjected to a
controlled-temperature program. (ICTAC) (1999)
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on
NOTE 4—The term quantitative differential thermal analysis covers
T
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