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ASTM D1200-94(1999)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup

Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity of Newtonian or near-Newtonian paints, varnishes, lacquers, and related liquid materials with the Ford-type efflux viscosity cup. If the material is non-Newtonian, that is, shear-thinning or thixotropic, Test Method D2196 should be used.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-1999
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.24 - Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D1200-94(2005) - Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
Effective Date
15-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D333-01(2021) - Standard Guide for Clear and Pigmented Lacquers
Effective Date
10-May-1999
Referred By
ASTM C1708/C1708M-19 - Standard Test Methods for Self-leveling Mortars Containing Hydraulic Cements
Effective Date
10-May-1999
Referred By
ASTM D7887-20 - Standard Guide for Selection of Substitute, Non-hazardous, Liquid Filling Substances for Packagings Subjected to the United Nations Performance Tests
Effective Date
10-May-1999
Referred By
ASTM D5009-02(2023) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating and Comparing Transfer Efficiency of Spray Applied Coatings Under Laboratory Conditions
Effective Date
10-May-1999
Referred By
ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
Effective Date
10-May-1999
Referred By
ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
Effective Date
10-May-1999
Referred By
ASTM F940-99(2019)e1 - Standard Practice for Quality Control Receipt Inspection Procedures for Protective Coatings (Paint), Used in Marine Construction and Shipbuilding
Effective Date
10-May-1999
Referred By
ASTM D4212-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity Cups
Effective Date
10-May-1999
Referred By
ASTM D1084-16(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives
Effective Date
10-May-1999
Referred By
ASTM D365-23 - Standard Guide for Soluble Nitrocellulose Base Solutions
Effective Date
10-May-1999
Referred By
ASTM B813-16 - Standard Specification for Liquid and Paste Fluxes for Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube
Effective Date
10-May-1999
Referred By
ASTM D5286-20 - Standard Test Methods for Determination of Transfer Efficiency Under General Production Conditions for Spray Application of Paints
Effective Date
10-May-1999
Referred By
ASTM D7394-18(2023) - Standard Practice for Rheological Characterization of Architectural Coatings using Three Rotational Bench Viscometers
Effective Date
10-May-1999
Referred By
ASTM D5327-97(2021)e1 - Standard Practice for Evaluating and Comparing Transfer Efficiency of Spray Applied Coatings Under General Laboratory Conditions
Effective Date
10-May-1999

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ASTM D1200-94(1999) - Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity CupASTM D1200-94(1999) - Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
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ASTM D1200-94(1999) - Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 1200 – 94 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1200; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 5. Significance and Use
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheviscos- 5.1 This test method is useful for the determination of
ity of Newtonian or near-Newtonian paints, varnishes, lac- package and application viscosities of a number of paints and
quers, and related liquid materials with the Ford-type efflux other coatings and in the thinning of these materials, but is
viscosity cup. If the material is non-Newtonian, that is, limited to Newtonian or near-Newtonian liquids.
shear-thinning or thixotropic, Test Method D2196 should be 5.2 There are other types of apparatus for measuring vis-
used. cosity in the laboratory that produce more accurate results.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 6.1 Ford Viscosity Cups—Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Ford
viscosity cups made of corrosion- and solvent-resistant mate-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. rials assembled as complete units (Note 1), and conforming to
the dimensional requirements shown in Fig. 1. The orifice
2. Referenced Documents
dimensions are considered as a guide only as the combination
2.1 ASTM Standards: of cup and orifice dimensions must permit conformance to the
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non- flow formula for each cup as listed in the Appendix.
Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield) Viscom-
NOTE 1—If the orifice is removed from the cup for any reason the cup
eter
should be recalibrated before use as described in the Appendix.
E1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
6.2 Thermometer—Saybolt Viscosity Thermometer con-
formingtotherequirementsforThermometer17C(19to27°C)
3. Terminology
or 17F (66 to 80°F) as prescribed in Specification E1.
3.1 Definitions:
6.3 Timing Device—Any timing device may be used pro-
3.1.1 Newtonian liquid—a liquid in which the viscosity is
viding that the readings can be taken with a discrimination of
independent of the shear stress or shear rate. If the ratio of
0.2 s or better.
shear stress to shear rate is not constant, the liquid is non-
Newtonian.
7. Test Specimen
3.1.2 Near-Newtonian liquid—a liquid in which the varia-
7.1 Thespecimenofthematerialtobetestedshallbevisibly
tion of viscosity with shear rate is small and the effect on
homogeneous and free of any foreign material or air bubbles.
viscosity of mechanical disturbances such as stirring is negli-
gible.
8. Temperature of Testing
8.1 All measurements with the Ford viscosity cups shall be
4. Summary of Test Method
made at 77°F (25°C) or a temperature agreed upon between
4.1 The Ford viscosity cup is filled level full with the liquid
producer and user. Temperature drift during the test should be
under test, and the time for the material to flow through one of
kept to a minimum and should not exceed 60.4°F (60.2°C).
the standard orifices is measured.
NOTE 2—Itisimpossibletopredicttheeffectoftemperaturechangeon
each material with which the apparatus may be used. This factor may be
less than 1% per degree Celsius for some liquids whereas others may be
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paints
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of as high as 8 to 10% per degree Celsius.
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1994. Published October 1994. Originally
9. Calibration
published as D1200–52T. Last previous edition D1200–88.
9.1 Cups should be calibrated in accordance with the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. procedure described in Appendix X1. The frequency of this
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 1200
11.2 Choosethepropercupsothatthetimeofeffluxwillbe
between 20 and 100 s (preferably between 30 and 100 s) for
cup Nos. 3, 4, and 5; between 55 and 100 s for cup No. 1; and
between 40 and 100 s for cup No. 2 (Fig. 2).
11.3 Level the instrument so that a cup may be filled level
full without a meniscus or overflow at one side.
11.4 Determine the time in seconds of efflux as follows:
Close the orifice, for example, by holding a rubber stopper
against it. Fill the cup with the prepared specimen. The
preferredmethodistooverfillthecupandscrapeofftheexcess
with a straightedge. Pull the stopper away and simultaneously
startthetimingdevice.Measurethetimeuntilthefirstbreakin
the stream.
11.5 Measure the temperature of the fluid in the efflux
stream.
11.6 Ifthecuphasbeenestablishedtobenonstandardwhen
calibrated as described in the Appendix, apply the percent
difference to the measured seconds to get the corrected
viscosity in Ford-cup seconds.
12. Care of Cup
12.1 Followingeachdetermination,cleanthecupbytheuse
of a suitable solvent and a soft brush. Under no conditions
should metal cleaning tools be brought into contact with the
...

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