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ASTM D4060-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser

Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Coating on substrates can be damaged by abrasion during manufacturing and service. This test method has been useful in evaluating the abrasion resistance of attached coatings. Ratings produced by this test method have correlated well with ratings produced by the falling abrasive values in Test Methods D 968.
For some materials, abrasion tests utilizing the Taber abraser may be subject to variation due to changes in the abrasive characteristics of the wheel during testing. Depending on abradant type and test specimen, the wheel surface may change (that is, become clogged) due to the pick-up of coating or other materials from test specimens and must be refaced at more frequent intervals as agreed upon by the interested parties. To determine if more frequent refacing is required, plot the total weight loss every 50 cycles. If a significant negative change in slope is observed prior to 500 cycles, the point at which the slope changes determines the refacing frequency.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of organic coatings to abrasion produced by the Taber Abraser on coatings applied to a plane, rigid surface, such as a metal panel.
1.2 Because of the poor reproducibility of this test method, it should be restricted to testing in only one laboratory when numerical abrasion resistance values are to be used. Interlaboratory agreement is improved significantly when rankings of coatings are used in place of numerical values.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, with the exception of mils when determining coating thickness. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 7784-2.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2007
ICS
25.220.60 - Organic coatings
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.23 - Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4060-01 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D4060-10 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
Effective Date
01-Feb-2010
Referred By
ASTM C1486-18(2023) - Standard Practice for Testing Chemical-Resistant Broadcast and Slurry-Broadcast Resin Monolithic Floor Surfacings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM D8104-17(2023) - Standard Guide for Determining Coating Qualification Test Data Applicability
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM D2205-20 - Standard Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM D1044-19 - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion by the Taber Abraser
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6037-21 - Standard Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM E1795-20a - Standard Specification for Non-Reinforced Liquid Coating Encapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in Buildings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM B893-23 - Standard Specification for Hard-Coat Anodizing of Magnesium for Engineering Applications
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM G195-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM B607-21 - Standard Specification for Autocatalytic Nickel Boron Coatings for Engineering Use
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM A775/A775M-22 - Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Reinforcing Bars
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM A1055/A1055M-22 - Standard Specification for Zinc and Epoxy Dual-Coated Steel Reinforcing Bars
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7230-06(2021) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Polymeric Lining Systems for Water Immersion in Coating Service Level III Safety-Related Applications on Metal Substrates
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007

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ASTM D4060-07 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber AbraserASTM D4060-07 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
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ASTM D4060-07 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D4060–07
Standard Test Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber
1
Abraser
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4060; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
Hardness
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and
tance of organic coatings to abrasion produced by the Taber
Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
Abraser on coatings applied to a plane, rigid surface, such as a
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
metal panel.
Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
1.2 Because of the poor reproducibility of this test method,
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
it should be restricted to testing in only one laboratory when
ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
numerical abrasion resistance values are to be used. Interlabo-
2.2 Other Standards:
ratory agreement is improved significantly when rankings of
ISO 7784–2 Paints and varnishes—Determination of resis-
coatings are used in place of numerical values.
tance to abrasion—Part 2: Rotating abrasive rubber wheel
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3
method
standard, with the exception of mils when determining coating
thickness. The values given in parentheses are for information
3. Terminology
only.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This standard is similar in content (but not technically
3.1.1 Abrasion resistance can be expressed as one or more
equivalent) to ISO 7784–2.
of the following terms:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 wear index, n—1000 times the loss in weight in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
milligrams per cycle.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3 weight loss, n—the loss in weight in milligrams,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
determined at a specified number of cycles.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 wear cycles per mil, n—the number of cycles of
2. Referenced Documents abrasionrequiredtowearafilmthroughtothesubstratepermil
2 of film thickness.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
4. Summary of Test Method
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
4.1 The organic coating is applied at uniform thickness to a
D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
plane, rigid panel and, after curing, the surface is abraded by
Coatings by Falling Abrasive
rotating the panel under weighted abrasive wheels.
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
4.2 Abrasion resistance is calculated as loss in weight at a
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
specified number of abrasion cycles, as loss in weight per
cycle, or as number of cycles required to remove a unit amount
of coating thickness.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
5. Significance and Use
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
5.1 Coating on substrates can be damaged by abrasion
Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4060 – 01. during manufacturing and service. This test method has been
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. DOI: 10.1520/D4060-07. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4060–07
NOTE 3—The CS-17 wheels produce a harsher abrasion than the CS-10
useful in evaluating the abrasion resistance of attached coat-
wheels.
ings.Ratingsproducedbythistestmethodhavecorrelatedwell
with ratings produced by the falling abrasive values in Test
6.3 Resurfacing Medium, an S-11 abrasive disk, used for
Methods D968.
resurfacing the abrasion wheels.
5.2 For so
...

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5.1 Pencil hardness measurements have been used by the coatings industry for many years to determine the hardness of clear and pigmented organic coating films. This test method has also been used to determine the cure of these coatings, especially when using forced dried heat.  
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5.1 Stresses in coatings arise as a result of their shrinkage or expansion if expected movements are prevented by coating adhesion to its substrate.  
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5.3 Knowledge of the internal stresses in coatings is very important because they may effect coating performance and service life. If the internal stress exceeds the tensile strength of the film, cracks are formed. If stress exceeds adhesion between coating and substrate, it will reduce adhesion and can lead to delamination of coatings. Quantitative information about stresses in coatings can be useful in coating formulation and recommendations for their application and use.  
5.4 This method has been found useful for air-dry industrial organic coatings but the applicability has not yet been assessed for thin coatings (thickness
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1.1 This test method covers the procedure for measurements of internal stresses in organic coatings by using the cantilever (beam) method.  
1.2 This method is appropriate for the coatings for which the modulus of elasticity of substrate (Es) is significantly greater than the modulus of elasticity of coating (Ec) and for which the thickness of substrate is significantly greater than thickness of coating (see Note 7 and Note 8).  
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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