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ASTM D2863-00

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a fire-test-response procedure. This test method describes a procedure for measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen that will just support flaming combustion in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.  
1.2 Methods are provided for testing materials that are structurally self-supporting in the form of vertical bars or sheet up to 10.5 mm thick. These methods are suitable for solid, laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent density greater than 15 kg/m3. The methods may also be applicable to some cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 15kg/m3. A method is provided for testing flexible sheet or film materials while supported vertically.  
Note 1--Although this test method has been found applicable for testing other materials, the precision of the test method has not been determined for these materials, or for specimen geometry's and test conditions outside those recommended herein.
1.3 This test method may be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.4  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Note 2.
Note 2: Warning: During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved which may be hazardous to personnel.  
Note 3--This test method and ISO 4589-2 are technically equivalent when using the Type A gas measurement and control device accuracy as described in 6.4.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jul-2000
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.30 - Thermal Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2863-95 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Replaced By
ASTM D2863-06 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)
Effective Date
15-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D3222-21 - Standard Specification for Unmodified Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) Molding Extrusion and Coating Materials
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D4649-20 - Standard Guide for Use of Stretch Films and Wrapping Application
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM C1410-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Cellular Melamine Thermal and Sound-Absorbing Insulation
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM G126-16(2023) - Standard Terminology Relating to the Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D5205-16 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polyetherimide (PEI) Materials
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM C1594-23 - Standard Specification for Polyimide Rigid Cellular Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D6817/D6817M-17(2021) - Standard Specification for Rigid Cellular Polystyrene Geofoam
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D5204-22 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polyamide-Imide (PAI) Molding and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM C578-22 - Standard Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM G125-00(2023) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Liquid and Solid Material Fire Limits in Gaseous Oxidants
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D5575-18(2023) - Standard Classification System for Copolymers of Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) with Other Fluorinated Monomers
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM G94-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D4000-23 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000

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ASTM D2863-00 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)ASTM D2863-00 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)
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ASTM D2863-00 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2863–00
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support
1
Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2863; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
when using the Type A gas measurement and control device accuracy as
1. Scope*
described in 6.4.
1.1 This test method covers a fire-test-response procedure.
This test method describes a procedure for measuring the
2. Referenced Documents
minimum concentration of oxygen that will just support
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
flaming combustion in a flowing mixture of oxygen and
D618 Practice for Conditioning, Plastics and Electrical
nitrogen.
Insulating Materials for Testing
1.2 Methods are provided for testing materials that are
D1071 Test Methods for Volumetric Measurement of Gas-
structurallyself-supportingintheformofverticalbarsorsheet
eous Fuel Samples
up to 10.5 mm thick. These methods are suitable for solid,
D1622 TestMethodforApparentDensityofRigidCellular
laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent
Plastics
3
density greater than 15 kg/m . The methods may also be
D2444 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Thermoplas-
applicable to some cellular materials having an apparent
tic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup (Falling Weight)
3
density of less than 15 kg/m .Amethod is provided for testing
D 4802 Specification for Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)
flexible sheet or film materials while supported vertically.
Acrylic Plastic Sheet
NOTE 1—Although this test method has been found applicable for E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
testing other materials, the precision of the test method has not been
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
determined for these materials, or for specimen geometry’s and test
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
conditions outside those recommended herein.
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.3 This test method may be used to measure and describe
4589-2 Plastics—Determination of Flammability by Oxy-
3
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
gen Index—Part 2, Ambient Temperatures
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
7823-1 Poly(Methylmethacrylate) Sheets—Types, Dimen-
3
shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire
sions and Characteristics—Part 1—Cast Sheets
risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
3. Terminology
conditions. However, results of this test may be used as
elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all
3.1 Definitions:
of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire 3.1.1 ignition—for the purpose of this standard shall imply
hazard of a particular end use.
the initiation of flaming combustion.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.2 oxygen index (OI)—the minimum concentration of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
oxygen determined by the method in 9.1, expressed as volume
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- percent, in a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen that will just
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
support flaming combustion of a material initially at 23 6 2°C
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards under the conditions of this test method.
statement are given in Note 2.
3.1.3 Definitions of terms relating to fire are in accordance
with Terminology E176.
NOTE 2—Warning:During the course of combustion, gases or vapors,
3.2 Symbols Specific To This Test Method:
or both, are evolved which may be hazardous to personnel.
3.2.1 C —oxygen concentration in percent volume.
NOTE 3—This test method and ISO 4589-2 are technically equivalent o
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
(Section D20.30). the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved July 10, 2000. Published October 2000. Originally Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
published as D2863–70. Last previous edition D2863–97. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic materials using very small amounts of material. The data obtained is used for quality control, research and development, as well as the establishment of optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive method for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide graphical representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
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5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.  
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1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.  
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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SCOPE
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1.4 This test method provides for testing materials that are structurally self-supporting in the form of vertical bars or sheet up to 10.5-mm thick. Such materials are solid, laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent density greater than 15 kg/m3.  
1.5 This test method also provides for testing flexible sheet or film materials, while supported vertically.  
1.6 This test method is also suitable, in some cases, for cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 15 kg/m3.
Note 1: Although this test method has been found applicable for testing some other materials, the precision of the test method has not been determined for these materials, or for specimen geometries and test conditions outside those recommended herein.  
1.7 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statement are given in Section 10.  
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 2: This test method and ISO 4589-2 are technically equivalent when using the gas measurement and control device described in 6.3.1, with direct oxygen concentration measurement.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D695-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.  
4.2 Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.  
4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.  
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M or D6641/D6641M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
Note 2: This standard is equivalent to ISO 604.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1929-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-2022 (Option 1) are similar in all technical details.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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