ASTM D1218-02(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
Standard Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Refractive index and refractive dispersion are fundamental physical properties, which can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize pure hydrocarbons and their mixtures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of refractive index, accurate to four decimal places or better, of transparent and light-colored hydrocarbons in the range of 1.3300 to 1.5000 at temperatures from 20 to 30°C by manual (optical-mechanical) or automatic (digital) procedure.
1.2 The manual (optical-mechanical) procedure also covers the measurement of refractive dispersion accurate to the fourth decimal place or better.
Note 1—The test method may be suitable for measuring the refractive indices of liquids above 1.5000 and at temperatures both below 20°C and above 30°C; however, the test method precision may not apply. Verification of the accuracy of such measurements will depend upon the availability of reliable, certified reference standards that demonstrate the performance of the instrument used under the particular measuring conditions.
1.3 The test method may not be applicable to liquids that are strongly colored, or that have bubble points so near the test temperature that a reading cannot be obtained before substantial weathering takes place. Liquid color should be limited to No. 4 ASTM Color or lighter, as determined by Test Method D 1500.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1218 − 02(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon
1
Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1218; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D1500Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
(ASTM Color Scale)
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of refractive
D6299Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
index, accurate to four decimal places or better, of transparent
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
and light-colored hydrocarbons in the range of 1.3300 to
Measurement System Performance
1.5000 at temperatures from 20 to 30°C by manual (optical-
D6300Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
mechanical) or automatic (digital) procedure.
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
1.2 The manual (optical-mechanical) procedure also covers
Lubricants
themeasurementofrefractivedispersionaccuratetothefourth
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
decimal place or better.
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
NOTE 1—The test method may be suitable for measuring the refractive
Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test
indices of liquids above 1.5000 and at temperatures both below 20°C and
Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants, Version
above 30°C; however, the test method precision may not apply. Verifica-
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4.0.65
tion of the accuracy of such measurements will depend upon the
availability of reliable, certified reference standards that demonstrate the
performance of the instrument used under the particular measuring
3. Terminology
conditions.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 Thetestmethodmaynotbeapplicabletoliquidsthatare
3.1.1 refractive dispersion—the difference between the re-
strongly colored, or that have bubble points so near the test
fractive indexes of a substance for light of two different
temperature that a reading cannot be obtained before substan-
wavelengths, both indexes being measured at the same tem-
tial weathering takes place. Liquid color should be limited to
perature. For convenience in calculations, the value of the
No. 4 ASTM Color or lighter, as determined by Test Method
difference thus obtained is usually multiplied by 10000.
D1500.
3.1.2 refractive index—the ratio of the velocity of light (of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
specified wavelength) in air, to its velocity in the substance
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
under examination. It may also be defined as the sine of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
angle of incidence divided by the sine of the angle of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
refraction, as light passes from air into the substance. This is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the relative index of refraction. If absolute refractive index
(that is, referred to vacuum) is desired, this value should be
2. Referenced Documents
multiplied by the factor 1.00027, the absolute refractive index
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ofair.Thenumericalvalueofrefractiveindexofliquidsvaries
D1193Specification for Reagent Water inversely with both wavelength and temperature.
4. Summary of Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on 4.1 Therefractiveindexismeasuredusingahigh-resolution
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
refractometer of an optical-mechanical or automatic digital
D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.
type with the prism temperature accurately controlled. The
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
instrument principle is based on the critical angle concept.
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D1218–02. DOI:
10.1520/D1218-02R07.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order No. ADJD6300.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on (Originally published as Lawrey, D. M. G., ed., Calculation of Precision Data:
the ASTM website. Petroleum Test Methods, ASTM International, 1996.)
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
AnAmericanNationalStandard Designation: DAn1218American– 02 (ReapprovedNational Standard2007)
Designation:D1218–99
Standard Test Method for
Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon
1
Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1218; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope *
1.1This test method covers the measurement of refractive indexes, accurate to six units in the fifth decimal place, and refractive
dispersions, accurate to twelve units in the fifth decimal place, of transparent and light-colored hydrocarbon liquids that have
refractive indexes in the range from 1.33 to 1.50, and at temperatures from 20 to 30°C. The test method is not applicable within
theaccuracystatedtoliquidshavingcolorsdarkerthanNo.4ASTMColorasdeterminedbyTestMethodD1500,toliquidshaving
bubble points so near the test temperature that a reading cannot be obtained before substantial weathering takes place, to liquids
having a refractive index above 1.50, or to measurements made at temperatures above 30°C.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of refractive index, accurate to four decimal places or better, of transparent and
light-colored hydrocarbons in the range of 1.3300 to 1.5000 at temperatures from 20 to 30°C by manual (optical-mechanical) or
automatic (digital) procedure.
1.2 The manual (optical-mechanical) procedure also covers the measurement of refractive dispersion accurate to the fourth
decimal place or better.
NOTE1—The instrument can be successfully used for refractive indexes above 1.50 and at temperatures both below 20°C and above 30°C. As yet,
certified liquid standards for the ranges above a refractive index of 1.50 are not available, so the precision and accuracy of the instrument under these
conditions have not been evaluated. Similarly, certified refractive indexes of liquids at temperatures other than the 20 to 30°C range are not available,
although the instrument can be used up to 50°C.
1.2 1—The test method may be suitable for measuring the refractive indices of liquids above 1.5000 and at temperatures both
below 20°C and above 30°C; however, the test method precision may not apply. Verification of the accuracy of such measurements
will depend upon the availability of reliable, certified reference standards that demonstrate the performance of the instrument used
under the particular measuring conditions.
1.3 The test method may not be applicable to liquids that are strongly colored, or that have bubble points so near the test
temperature that a reading cannot be obtained before substantial weathering takes place. Liquid color should be limited to No. 4
ASTM Color or lighter, as determined by Test Method D1500.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D841Specification for Nitration Grade Toluene 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System
Performance
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use inTest Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
E1Specification for ASTM Thermometers Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-2 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04 on
Hydrocarbon Analysis.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1999. Published February 2000. Originally published as D1218–52T. Last previous edition D1218–98.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0D
on Physical and Chemical Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D1218–02.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,v
...
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