ASTM E1445-08

Standard Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemicals

SCOPE
1.1 This standard is a compilation of terminology used in the area of hazard potential of chemicals. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
1.2 Although some of these definitions are general in nature, many must be used in the context of the standards in which they appear. The pertinent standard number is given in parentheses after the definition.
1.3 In the interest of common understanding and standardization, consistent word usage is encouraged to help eliminate the major barrier to effective technical communication.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-May-2008
• ICS: 01.040.71 - Chemical technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 71.060.01 - Inorganic chemicals in general
• ICS: 71.080.01 - Organic chemicals in general
• Technical Committee: E27 - Hazard Potential of Chemicals
• Drafting Committee: E27.01 - Editorial and Nomenclature

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1445-03 - Standard Terminology Relating to Hazardous Potential of Chemicals
• Effective Date: 15-May-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM E1445-08(2015) - Standard Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemicals
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2015
• Referred By: ASTM E537-20 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Chemicals by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 15-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2019-03(2019) - Standard Test Method for Minimum Ignition Energy of a Dust Cloud in Air
• Effective Date: 15-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2079-19 - Standard Test Methods for Limiting Oxygen (Oxidant) Concentration in Gases and Vapors
• Effective Date: 15-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E1226-19 - Standard Test Method for Explosibility of Dust Clouds
• Effective Date: 15-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E681-09(2023) - Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases)
• Effective Date: 15-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2046-19 - Standard Test Method for Reaction Induction Time by Thermal Analysis
• Effective Date: 15-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2021-15(2023) - Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Ignition Temperature of Dust Layers
• Effective Date: 15-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2041-23 - Standard Test Method for Estimating Kinetic Parameters by Differential Scanning Calorimeter Using the Borchardt and Daniels Method
• Effective Date: 15-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2550-21 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability by Thermogravimetry
• Effective Date: 15-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E698-23 - Standard Test Method for Kinetic Parameters for Thermally Unstable Materials Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry and the Flynn/Wall/Ozawa Method
• Effective Date: 15-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2070-13(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Kinetic Parameters by Differential Scanning Calorimetry Using Isothermal Methods
• Effective Date: 15-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E487-20 - Standard Test Methods for Constant-Temperature Stability of Chemical Materials
• Effective Date: 15-May-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1445 − 08
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Hazard Potential of Chemicals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E698Test Method for Arrhenius Kinetic Constants for
Thermally Unstable Materials Using Differential Scan-
1.1 This standard is a compilation of terminology used in
ning Calorimetry and the Flynn/Wall/Ozawa Method
the area of hazard potential of chemicals. Terms that are
E771Test Method for Spontaneous Heating Tendency of
generally understood or adequately defined in other readily
3
Materials (Withdrawn 2001)
available sources are not included.
E918Practice for Determining Limits of Flammability of
1.2 Althoughsomeofthesedefinitionsaregeneralinnature,
Chemicals at Elevated Temperature and Pressure
many must be used in the context of the standards in which
E1226Test Method for Explosibility of Dust Clouds
they appear. The pertinent standard number is given in paren-
E1231Practice for Calculation of Hazard Potential Figures-
theses after the definition.
of-Merit for Thermally Unstable Materials
1.3 In the interest of common understanding and
E1232Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammability
standardization, consistent word usage is encouraged to help
of Chemicals
eliminate the major barrier to effective technical communica-
E1491Test Method for MinimumAutoignitionTemperature
tion.
of Dust Clouds
E1515Test Method for Minimum Explosible Concentration
2. Referenced Documents
of Combustible Dusts
2
E1981Guide for Assessing Thermal Stability of Materials
2.1 ASTM Standards:
by Methods of Accelerating Rate Calorimetry
E476Test Method for Thermal Instability of Confined Con-
E2012Guide for the Preparation of a Binary Chemical
densed Phase Systems (Confinement Test) (Withdrawn
3
Compatibility Chart
2008)
E2019Test Method for Minimum Ignition Energy of a Dust
E487Test Method for Constant-Temperature Stability of
Cloud in Air
Chemical Materials
E2021TestMethodforHot-SurfaceIgnitionTemperatureof
E537Test Method for The Thermal Stability of Chemicals
Dust Layers
by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
E2046TestMethodforReactionInductionTimebyThermal
E582 Test Method for Minimum Ignition Energy and
Analysis
Quenching Distance in Gaseous Mixtures
E659Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid
3. Terminology
Chemicals
E680Test Method for Drop Weight Impact Sensitivity of
3.1 Definitions:
Solid-Phase Hazardous Materials
adiabatic calorimeter, n—an instrument capable of making
E681TestMethodforConcentrationLimitsofFlammability
calorimetric measurements while maintaining a minimal
of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases)
heat loss or gain between the sample and its environment,
whichisverifiablebythecapabilitytocontinuouslymeasure
the temperature differential between the sample and its
1
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE27onHazard
surroundings. (E1981)
Potential of Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E27.01 on
Editorial and Nomenclature.
adiabatic decomposition temperature rise, (T) , n—an esti-
d
Current edition approved May 15, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally
mation of the computed temperature which a specimen
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E1445–03. DOI:
10.1520/E1445-08. would attain if all of the enthalpy (heat) of decomposition
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
reaction were to be absorbed by the sample itself. High
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
values represent high hazard potential. (E1231)
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
anvil, n—the smooth, hardened surface upon which the test
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. sample or cup containing the sample rests. (E680)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E1445 − 08
−E/RT
Arrhenius equation—k= Ze where k is the specific
reaction rate constant in reciprocal minutes for first order, Z
1

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
E1445 − 08
3
is the pre-exponential factor in reciprocal minutes, E is the
V = volume, (m )
Arrhenius activation energy in J/mol, R is the gas constant,
K = (bar m/s)
St
8.32 J/mol K, and T is the temperature in kelvin. (E698)
(E1226)
autoignition, n—the ignition of a material commonly in air as
differential scanning calorimetry
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E 1445–03 Designation:E 1445–08
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Hazard Potential of Chemicals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard is a compilation of terminology used in the area of hazard potential of chemicals. Terms that are generally
understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.
1.2 Although some of these definitions are general in nature, many must be used in the context of the standards in which they
appear. The pertinent standard number is given in parentheses after the definition.
1.3 In the interest of common understanding and standardization, consistent word usage is encouraged to help eliminate the
major barrier to effective technical communication.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E476Test Method for Thermal Instability of Confined Condensed Phase Systems (Confinement Test)
2
E487Test Method for Constant-Temperature Stability of Chemical Materials
2
E537Test Method for Assessing the Thermal Stability of Chemicals by Methods of Thermal Analysis
2
E659Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals
2
E680Test Method for Drop Weight Impact Sensitivity of Solid-Phase Hazardous Materials
2
E681Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases)
2
E698Test Method for Arrhenius Kinetic Constants for Thermally Unstable Materials
2
E771Test Method for Spontaneous Heating Tendency of Materials
2
E918Practice for Determining Limits of Flammability of Chemicals at Elevated Temperature and Pressure
2
E1226Test Method for Pressure and Rate of Pressure Rise for Combustible Dusts
2
E1231Practice for Calculation of Hazard Potential Figures-of-Merit for Thermally Unstable Materials
2
E1232Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammability of Chemicals
2
E1491Test Method for Minimum Autoignition Temperature of Dust Clouds
2
E1515Test Method for Minimum Explosible Concentration of Combustible Dusts
2
E2012Guide for the Preparation of a Binary Chemical Compatibility Chart
2
E2019Test Method for Minimum Ignition Energy of a Dust Cloud in Air
2
E2021Test Method for Hot-Surface Ignition Temperature of Dust Layers
2 2
E2046Test Method for Feaction Induction Time by Thermal Analysis ASTM Standards:
E476 Test Method for Thermal Instability of Confined Condensed Phase Systems (Confinement Test)
E487 Test Method for Constant-Temperature Stability Of Chemical Materials
E537 Test Method for The Thermal Stability Of Chemicals By Differential Scanning Calorimetry
E582 Test Method for Minimum Ignition Energy and Quenching Distance in Gaseous Mixtures
E659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals
E680 Test Method for Drop Weight Impact Sensitivity Of Solid-Phase Hazardous Materials
E681 Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases)
E698 TestMethodforArrheniusKineticConstantsforThermallyUnstableMaterialsUsingDifferentialScanningCalorimetry
and the Flynn/Wall/Ozawa Method
E771 Test Method for Spontaneous Heating Tendency of Materials
E918 Practice for Determining Limits of Flammability of Chemicals at Elevated Temperature and Pressure
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E27 on Hazard Potential of Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E27.01 on
Editorial and Nomenclature.
Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E1445–02.
Current edition approved May 15, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E1445–03.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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E 1445–08
E1226 Test Method for Pressure and Rate of Pressure Rise for Combustible Dusts
E1231 Practice for Calculation of Hazard Potential Figures-of-Merit f
...