ASTM E1245-00

Standard Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for obtaining stereological measurements that describe basic characteristics of the morphology of indigenous inclusions in steels and other metals using automatic image analysis. The practice can be applied to provide such data for any discrete second phase.
Note 1--Stereological measurement methods are used in this practice to assess the average characteristics of inclusions or other second-phase particles on a longitudinal plane-of-polish. This information, by itself, does not produce a three-dimensional description of these constituents in space as deformation processes cause rotation and alignment of these constituents in a preferred manner. Development of such information requires measurements on three orthogonal planes and is beyond the scope of this practice.
1.2 This practice specifically addresses the problem of producing stereological data when the features of the constituents to be measured make attainment of statistically reliable data difficult.
1.3 This practice deals only with the recommended test methods and nothing in it should be construed as defining or establishing limits of acceptability.
1.4 The measured values are stated in SI units, which are to be regarded as standard. Equivalent inch-pound values are in parentheses and may be approximate.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1999
• ICS: 77.040.99 - Other methods of testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E04 - Metallography
• Drafting Committee: E04.14 - Quantitative Metallography

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1245-95 - Standard Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Replaced By: ASTM E1245-03 - Standard Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM A890/A890M-18a - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex (Austenitic/Ferritic) for General Application
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Referred By: ASTM F3160-21 - Standard Guide for Metallurgical Characterization of Absorbable Metallic Materials for Medical Implants
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E562-19e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Referred By: ASTM F3554-22 - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing – Finished Part Properties – Grade 4340 (UNS G43400) via Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion for Transportation Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Referred By: ASTM A892-09(2020) - Standard Guide for Defining and Rating the Microstructure of High Carbon Bearing Steels
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E2142-08(2015) - Standard Test Methods for Rating and Classifying Inclusions in Steel Using the Scanning Electron Microscope
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E1382-97(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size Using Semiautomatic and Automatic Image Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Referred By: ASTM F3637-23 - Standard Guide for Additive Manufacturing of Metal — Finished Part Properties — Methods for Relative Density Measurement
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E45-18a - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E768-99(2018) - Standard Guide for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic Inclusion Assessment of Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Referred By: ASTM F1376-92(2020) - Standard Guide for Metallurgical Analysis for Gas Distribution System Components (Withdrawn 2023)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E2109-01(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Determining Area Percentage Porosity in Thermal Sprayed Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E3-11(2017) - Standard Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 1245 – 00
Standard Practice for
Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent
1
Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This practice may be used to produce stereological measurements that describe the amount, number,
size, and spacing of the indigenous inclusions (sulfides and oxides) in steels. The method may also be
applied to assess inclusions in other metals or to assess any discrete second-phase constituent in any
material.
2
1. Scope E 3 Methods of Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
2
E 7 Terminology Relating to Metallography
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for obtaining stereo-
E 45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content
logical measurements that describe basic characteristics of the
2
of Steel
morphology of indigenous inclusions in steels and other metals
E 768 Practice for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for
using automatic image analysis. The practice can be applied to
2
Automatic Inclusion Assessment of Steel
provide such data for any discrete second phase.
NOTE 1—Stereological measurement methods are used in this practice 3. Terminology
to assess the average characteristics of inclusions or other second-phase
3.1 Definitions:
particles on a longitudinal plane-of-polish. This information, by itself,
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, see
does not produce a three-dimensional description of these constituents in
Terminology E 7.
space as deformation processes cause rotation and alignment of these
3.2 Symbols:Symbols:
constituents in a preferred manner. Development of such information
requires measurements on three orthogonal planes and is beyond the scope
of this practice.
2
¯
A = the average area of inclusions or particles, μm .
1.2 This practice specifically addresses the problem of
A = the area fraction of the inclusion or constituent.
A
producing stereological data when the features of the constitu-
A = the area of the detected feature.
i
2
ents to be measured make attainment of statistically reliable
A = the measurement area (field area, mm ).
T
data difficult.
H = the total projected length in the hot-working
T
1.3 This practice deals only with the recommended test
direction of the inclusion or constituent in the
methods and nothing in it should be construed as defining or
field, μm.
establishing limits of acceptability. ¯
L = the average length in the hot-working direction
1.4 The measured values are stated in SI units, which are to
of the inclusion or constituent, μm.
be regarded as standard. Equivalent inch-pound values are in
L = the true length of scan lines, pixel lines, or grid
T
parentheses and may be approximate.
lines (number of lines times the length of the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
lines divided by the magnification), mm.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
n = the number of fields measured.
N = the number of inclusions or constituents of a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
A
2
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- given type per unit area, mm .
N = the number of inclusions or constituent par-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
i
ticles or the number of feature interceptions, in
2. Referenced Documents
the field.
N = the number of interceptions of inclusions or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
L
constituent particles per unit length (mm) of
scan lines, pixel lines, or grid lines.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E04 on Metallog-
raphy and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E04.14 on Quantitative
Metallography.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2000. Published March 2001. Originally
2
published as E 1245 – 88. Last previous edition E 1245 – 95. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E 1245
size or shape as long as enough different fields can be measured
PP = the number of detected picture points.
i
to obtain reasonable statistical confidence in the data. Because
PP = the total number of picture points in the field
T
the specifics of the manufacture of the product do influence the
area.
morphological characteristics of the inclusio
...