ASTM C1749-17
(Guide)Standard Guide for Measurement of the Rheological Properties of Hydraulic Cementious Paste Using a Rotational Rheometer
Standard Guide for Measurement of the Rheological Properties of Hydraulic Cementious Paste Using a Rotational Rheometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Rheological properties determined using this guide include plastic viscosity and yield stress as defined by the Bingham model and apparent viscosity.
4.2 Rheological properties provide information about the workability of cement paste. As an example, the yield stress and plastic viscosity indicate the behavior of a specific cement paste composition. As another example, the apparent viscosity indicates what energy is required to move the suspension at a given strain rate. This test may be used to measure flowability of a cement paste or the influence of a specific material or combination of materials on flowability.
4.3 Rheological properties may be sensitive to the procedure being used. This guide describes procedures that are expected to provide reproducible results.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers description of several methods to measure the rheological properties of fresh hydraulic cement paste. All methods are designed to determine the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the material using commercially available instruments and the Bingham model. Knowledge of these properties gives useful information on performance of cement pastes in concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1749 − 17
Standard Guide for
Measurement of the Rheological Properties of Hydraulic
1
Cementious Paste Using a Rotational Rheometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1749; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
1.1 This guide covers description of several methods to
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
measure the rheological properties of fresh hydraulic cement
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
paste. All methods are designed to determine the yield stress
Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical
and plastic viscosity of the material using commercially
Testing of Hydraulic Cements
available instruments and the Bingham model. Knowledge of
C1738 Practice for High-Shear Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
these properties gives useful information on performance of
Pastes
cement pastes in concrete.
2.2 Other Standards:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
API Recommended Practice 10B Testing Well Cements,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC (1997)
standard.
ISO10426-2(2003) PetroleumandNaturalGasIndustries—
1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information
Cements and Materials for Well Cementing—Part 2:
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
Testing of Well Cements—Section 5.2
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
3. Terminology
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
method, refer to Terminology C125 and C219.
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
3,4
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
3.2.1 apparent viscosity, n—the shear stress divided by rate
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
of shear, in units of Pa.s.
document means only that the document has been approved
3.2.2 plastic viscosity, n—in the plastic (Bingham) model,
through the ASTM consensus process.
the slope of the shear stress – shear rate curve, in units of Pa.s.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.3 thixotropy, n—a decrease of the apparent viscosity
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
under constant shear stress or shear rate followed by a gradual
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
recovery when the stress or shear rate is removed.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.4 yield stress, n—the stress corresponding to the transi-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tion from elastic to plastic deformation, in units of Pa; it is also
2. Referenced Documents
referred to as the stress needed to initiate flow. It would be
2
calculated using the Bingham model in this guide.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
3.2.5 Bingham model, n—a rheological model for materials
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
with non-zero yield stress and a linear relationship between
shear rate and shear stress, following the equation: τ = τ +
B
γ˙η ; where τ Yield stress in Pa, γ˙ Shear rate in 1/s, τ Shear
pl B
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and
stress in Pa, and η Plastic viscosity in Pa.s.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.22 on Workability. pl
Current edition approved March 15, 2017. Published March 2015. Originally
approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C1005 – 12. DOI:
10.1520/C1749-17.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or H.A. Barnes, J.F. Hutton and K.Walters,An Introduction to Rheology, Elsevier
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM (1989).
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Hackley V.A., Ferraris C.F., “The Use of Nomenclature in Dispersion Science
the ASTM website. and Technology” NIST Recommended Practice Guide, SP 960-3, 2001.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1749 − 12 C1749 − 17
Standard Guide for
Measurement of the Rheological Properties of Hydraulic
1
Cementious Paste Using a Rotational Rheometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1749; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide covers description of several methods to measure the rheological properties of fresh hydraulic cement paste. All
methods are designed to determine the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the material using commercially available instruments
and the Bingham model. Knowledge of these properties gives useful information on performance of cement pastes in concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
Cements and Concretes
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing of
Hydraulic Cements
C1738 Practice for High-Shear Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes
2.2 Other Standards:
API Recommended Practice 10B Testing Well Cements, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC (1997)
ISO 10426-2 (2003) Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries—Cements and Materials for Well Cementing—Part 2: Testing of
Well Cements—Section 5.2
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C125 and C219.
3,4
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 apparent viscosity, n—the shear stress divided by rate of shear, in units of Pa.s.
3.2.2 plastic viscosity, n—in the plastic (Bingham) model, the slope of the shear stress – shear rate curve, in units of Pa.s.
3.2.3 thixotropy, n—a decrease of the apparent viscosity under constant shear stress or shear rate followed by a gradual recovery
when the stress or shear rate is removed.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.22 on Workability.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012March 15, 2017. Published March 2012March 2015. Originally approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as
C1005 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/C1749-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
H.A. Barnes, J.F. Hutton and K. Walters, An Introduction to Rheology, Elsevier (1989).
4
Hackley V.A., Ferraris C.F., “The Use of Nomenclature in Dispersion Science and Technology” NIST Recommended Practice Guide, SP 960-3, 2001.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1749 − 17
3.2.4 yield stress, n—the stress corresponding to the transition from elastic to plastic deformation, in units of Pa; it is also
referred to as the stress n
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.