ASTM E309-16
(Practice)Standard Practice for Eddy Current Examination of Steel Tubular Products Using Magnetic Saturation
Standard Practice for Eddy Current Examination of Steel Tubular Products Using Magnetic Saturation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this practice is to outline a procedure for the detection and location of discontinuities such as pits, voids, inclusions, cracks, or abrupt dimensional variations in ferromagnetic tubing using the electromagnetic (eddy current) method. Furthermore, the relative severity of a discontinuity may be indicated, and a rejection level may be set with respect to the magnitude of the indication.
5.2 The response from natural discontinuities can be significantly different than that from artificial discontinuities such as drilled holes or notches. For this reason, sufficient work should be done to establish the sensitivity level and set-up required to detect natural discontinuities of consequence to the end use of the product.
5.3 Eddy current testing systems are generally not sensitive to discontinuities adjacent to the ends of the tube. The extent of the end effect region can be determined in accordance with 8.6.
5.4 Since the density of eddy currents decreases nearly exponentially as the distance from the external surface increases, the response to deep-seated discontinuities decreases and some deep-seated discontinuities may give no detectable repsonse.
5.5 Discontinuity orientation also affects the system response and should be taken into consideration when establishing the examination sensitivity.
5.6 In preparing a reference standard for welded tubing, artificial discontinuities should be placed in both the weld metal and the parent metal when the responses are expected to be different and if both are to be examined. The apparatus is then adjusted to obtain an optimum signal-to-noise ratio.
5.6.1 When examining only the weld area, the discontinuities shall be placed only in the weld area.
5.7 The examination frequency and the type of apparatus being used should be considered when choosing the examining speed. Certain types of equipment are effective only over a given speed range; therefore, the examining speed should fall within ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers a procedure for applying the eddy current method to detect discontinuities in ferromagnetic pipe and tubing (Note 1) where the article being examined is rendered substantially non-magnetic by the application of a concentrated, strong magnetic field in the region adjacent to the examining coil.
Note 1: For convenience, the term tube or tubular product will hereafter be used to refer to both pipe and tubing.
1.2 The procedure is specifically applicable to eddy current testing methods using an encircling-coil assembly. However, eddy current techniques that employ either fixed or rotating probe-coil assemblies may be used to either enhance discontinuity sensitivity on the large diameter tubular products or to maximize the response received from a particular type of discontinuity.
1.3 This practice is intended for use on tubular products having outside diameters from approximately 1/4 to 10 in. (6.35 to 254.0 mm). These techniques have been used for smaller and larger sizes however, and may be specified upon contractual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria; they must be specified by the using party or parties.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E309 − 16
Standard Practice for
Eddy Current Examination of Steel Tubular Products Using
1
Magnetic Saturation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E309; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for applying the eddy
current method to detect discontinuities in ferromagnetic pipe
2. Referenced Documents
and tubing (Note 1) where the article being examined is
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
rendered substantially non-magnetic by the application of a
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
concentrated,strongmagneticfieldintheregionadjacenttothe
Testing
examining coil.
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
NOTE 1—For convenience, the term tube or tubular product will
2.2 Other Documents:
hereafter be used to refer to both pipe and tubing.
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
4
1.2 The procedure is specifically applicable to eddy current cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
testing methods using an encircling-coil assembly. However,
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and
4
eddy current techniques that employ either fixed or rotating Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
probe-coil assemblies may be used to either enhance disconti-
NAS-410 NAS Certification and Qualification of Nonde-
5
nuity sensitivity on the large diameter tubular products or to structive Test Personnel
maximize the response received from a particular type of
ISO 9712 Nondestructive Testing—Qualification and Certi-
6
discontinuity. fication of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
1.3 This practice is intended for use on tubular products
3. Terminology
1
having outside diameters from approximately ⁄4 to 10 in. (6.35
3.1 General—For definitions of terms used in this practice,
to254.0mm).Thesetechniqueshavebeenusedforsmallerand
refer to Terminology E1316.
larger sizes however, and may be specified upon contractual
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
4. Summary of Practice
1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria; they
4.1 The examination is conducted using one of two general
must be specified by the using party or parties.
techniques shown in Fig. 1.
4.1.1 Onetechniqueemploysoneormoreexciterandsensor
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
coils that encircle the tube and through which the tubular
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
product to be examined is passed. Some circuit configurations
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
employ one or more coils that concurrently function as both
and are not considered standard.
exciters and sensors. Alternating current passes through the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
exciting coil which, by reason of its proximity, induces
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- the ASTM website.
4
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
Electromagnetic Method. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
5
Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published June 2016. Originally Available from Aerospace Industries Association (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd.,
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E309 - 11. DOI: Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
6
10.1520/E0309-16. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Recom- Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
mended Practice SE 309 in Section V of that Code. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright ©
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E309 − 11 E309 − 16
Standard Practice for
Eddy-Current Eddy Current Examination of Steel Tubular
1
Products Using Magnetic Saturation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E309; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for applying the eddy-current eddy current method to detect discontinuities in
ferromagnetic pipe and tubing (Note 1) where the article being examined is rendered substantially non-magnetic by the application
of a concentrated, strong magnetic field in the region adjacent to the examining coil.
NOTE 1—For convenience, the term tube or tubular product will hereafter be used to refer to both pipe and tubing.
1.2 The procedure is specifically applicable to eddy-current eddy current testing methods using an encircling-coil assembly.
However, eddy-current eddy current techniques that employ either fixed or rotating probe-coil assemblies may be used to either
enhance discontinuity sensitivity on the large diameter tubular products or to maximize the response received from a particular type
of discontinuity.
1
1.3 This practice is intended for use on tubular products having outside diameters from approximately ⁄4 to 10 in. (6.35 to 254.0
mm). These techniques have been used for smaller and larger sizes however, and may be specified upon contractual agreement
between the purchaser and the supplier.
1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria; they must be specified by the using party or parties.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
2.2 Other Documents:
4
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
4
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
5
NAS-410 NAS Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Test Personnel
6
ISO 9712 Nondestructive Testing—Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Electromagnetic
Method.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2011June 1, 2016. Published March 2011June 2016. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as
E309 - 95E309 - 11.(2006). DOI: 10.1520/E0309-11.10.1520/E0309-16.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Recommended Practice SE 309 in Section V of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
5
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
dodssp.daps.dla.mil.Aerospace Industries Association (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
6
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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