ASTM F2088-22
(Specification)Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Infant and Cradle Swings
Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Infant and Cradle Swings
SCOPE
1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safety performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements to minimize the hazards to infants presented by swings as identified in the introduction.
1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to minimize the risk of injuries to infants resulting from normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of swings. It is not intended to address all incidents and injuries resulting from the interaction of other persons with the infant in the swing.
1.3 This consumer safety specification covers products with a powered mechanism used for the purpose of providing a swinging or gliding seat in any direction relative to the frame (that is, front to back, side to side, arc, etc.) for an infant. The powered mechanism can be through batteries, AC adapter, wind-up mechanism, or other means. This specification does not cover products that are intended to provide sleeping accommodations for the occupant.
1.4 No swing produced after the approval date of this consumer safety specification shall, either by label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F2088 −22
Standard Consumer Safety Specification for
1
Infant and Cradle Swings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This consumer safety specification addresses incidents associated with swings intended for infants
identified by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
In response to incident data compiled by the CPSC, this specification attempts to minimize the
following hazards: (1) swings tipping over or collapsing, (2) structural failures, and (3) entanglement
in the restraints or entrapment in leg holes.
This specification is intended to cover normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of
swings.
This specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of swing technology and will be
updatedwheneversubstantiveinformationbecomesavailablethatnecessitatesadditionalrequirements
or justifies the revision of existing requirements.
1. Scope conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safety
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
performance requirements, test methods, and labeling require-
ments to minimize the hazards to infants presented by swings test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
as identified in the introduction.
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to mini-
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
mize the risk of injuries to infants resulting from normal use
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
and reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of swings. It is not
regulatory limitations prior to use.
intended to address all incidents and injuries resulting from the
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
interaction of other persons with the infant in the swing.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3 This consumer safety specification covers products with
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
a powered mechanism used for the purpose of providing a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
swinging or gliding seat in any direction relative to the frame
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
(that is, front to back, side to side, arc, etc.) for an infant. The
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
powered mechanism can be through batteries, AC adapter,
wind-up mechanism, or other means. This specification does
2. Referenced Documents
not cover products that are intended to provide sleeping
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
accommodations for the occupant.
D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
1.4 No swing produced after the approval date of this
F406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size
consumer safety specification shall, either by label or other
Baby Cribs/Play Yards
means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it
F963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
conforms to all requirements contained herein.
F2194 Consumer Safety Specification for Bassinets and
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded Cradles
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
1
This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Commit-
tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
F15.21 on Infant Carriers, Bouncers and Baby Swings. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as F2088 – 21. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F2088-22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2088−22
FIG. 2CAMI Newborn Dummy
6
CAMI Newborn Dummy (see Fig. 2)
7
UL 1310 Standard for Class 2 Power Units
FIG. 1CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 comb
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2088 − 21 F2088 − 22
Standard Consumer Safety Specification for
1
Infant and Cradle Swings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This consumer safety specification addresses incidents associated with swings intended for infants
identified by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
In response to incident data compiled by the CPSC, this specification attempts to minimize the
following hazards: (1) swings tipping over or collapsing, (2) structural failures, and (3) entanglement
in the restraints or entrapment in leg holes.
This specification is intended to cover normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of
swings.
This specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of swing technology and will be
updated whenever substantive information becomes available that necessitates additional requirements
or justifies the revision of existing requirements.
1. Scope
1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safety performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements to
minimize the hazards to infants presented by swings as identified in the introduction.
1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to minimize the risk of injuries to infants resulting from normal use and
reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of swings. It is not intended to address all incidents and injuries resulting from the
interaction of other persons with the infant in the swing.
1.3 This consumer safety specification covers products with a powered mechanism used for the purpose of providing a swinging
or gliding seat in any direction relative to the frame (that is, front to back, side to side, arc, etc.) for an infant. The powered
mechanism can be through batteries, AC adapter, wind-up mechanism, or other means. This specification does not cover products
that are intended to provide sleeping accommodations for the occupant.
1.4 No swing produced after the approval date of this consumer safety specification shall, either by label or other means, indicate
compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1
This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.21
on Infant Carriers, Bouncers and Baby Swings.
Current edition approved May 15, 2021May 1, 2022. Published June 2021May 2022. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20202021 as
F2088 – 20.F2088 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/F2088-21.10.1520/F2088-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2088 − 22
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
F406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards
F963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
F2194 Consumer Safety Specification for Bassinets and Cradles
3
2.2 Federal Regulations:
16 CFR Part 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint
16 CFR Part 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations including sections:
1500.48—Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2088 − 22
Standard Consumer Safety Specification for
1
Infant and Cradle Swings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This consumer safety specification addresses incidents associated with swings intended for infants
identified by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
In response to incident data compiled by the CPSC, this specification attempts to minimize the
following hazards: (1) swings tipping over or collapsing, (2) structural failures, and (3) entanglement
in the restraints or entrapment in leg holes.
This specification is intended to cover normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of
swings.
This specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of swing technology and will be
updated whenever substantive information becomes available that necessitates additional requirements
or justifies the revision of existing requirements.
1. Scope conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safety
performance requirements, test methods, and labeling require-
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
ments to minimize the hazards to infants presented by swings
test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This
as identified in the introduction.
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to mini- if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
mize the risk of injuries to infants resulting from normal use of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
and reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of swings. It is not environmental practices and determine the applicability of
intended to address all incidents and injuries resulting from the regulatory limitations prior to use.
interaction of other persons with the infant in the swing.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.3 This consumer safety specification covers products with dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
a powered mechanism used for the purpose of providing a ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
swinging or gliding seat in any direction relative to the frame Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(that is, front to back, side to side, arc, etc.) for an infant. The
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
powered mechanism can be through batteries, AC adapter,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
wind-up mechanism, or other means. This specification does
not cover products that are intended to provide sleeping
2. Referenced Documents
accommodations for the occupant.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4 No swing produced after the approval date of this
D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
consumer safety specification shall, either by label or other
F406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size
means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it
Baby Cribs/Play Yards
conforms to all requirements contained herein.
F963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
F2194 Consumer Safety Specification for Bassinets and
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Cradles
1
This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-
tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
F15.21 on Infant Carriers, Bouncers and Baby Swings. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as F2088 – 21. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F2088-22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2088 − 22
FIG. 2 CAMI Newborn Dummy
6
CAMI Newborn Dummy (see Fig. 2)
7
UL 1310 Standard for Class 2 Power Units
FIG. 1 CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 combination swing, n—a swing that has a cradle swing
3
2.2 Federal Regulations:
use, mode, or position and an infant swing
...
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