ASTM E2975-23

Standard Test Method for Calibration or Calibration Verification of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used to calibrate or verify calibration of a rotational viscometer with coaxial spindle geometries.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the calibration or calibration verification of rotational viscometers in which the rotational element is immersed in a Newtonian reference material under ambient temperature conditions. The method is applicable to rotational-type viscometers where a constant rotational speed results in a measured torque generated by the test specimen, and to Stormer viscometers where a constant applied torque results in a measured rotational speed. It is not intended for cone-and-plate or parallel plate viscometers.  
1.2 Calibration shall be performed with Newtonian reference materials using experimental conditions such as temperature, viscosity range, and shear rate (rotational speed), as close as practical to those to be used for measurement of test specimens.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Common viscosity units of Poise (P) are related to the SI units by the equivalency 1 cP = 1 mPa·s.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2022
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.08 - Rheology

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E473-23b - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM E1142-23b - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM E1142-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
• Effective Date: 01-May-2015
• Refers: ASTM E1142-14b - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-2014
• Refers: ASTM E473-14 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-2014
• Refers: ASTM E1142-14a - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2014
• Refers: ASTM E1142-14 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2014
• Refers: ASTM E1142-12 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2012
• Refers: ASTM E1970-11 - Standard Practice for Statistical Treatment of Thermoanalytical Data
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2011
• Refers: ASTM E1142-11b - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2011
• Refers: ASTM E1142-11a - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2011
• Refers: ASTM E473-11a - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2011
• Refers: ASTM E1142-11 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2011
• Refers: ASTM E473-11 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2011
• Refers: ASTM E473-10 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010

Overview

ASTM E2975-23: Standard Test Method for Calibration or Calibration Verification of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers provides a uniform procedure for calibrating or verifying the calibration of rotational viscometers equipped with coaxial spindle geometries. This standard is fundamental for laboratories and industries that depend on reliable viscosity measurement of materials using concentric cylinder viscometers, including Stormer viscometers.

The document outlines procedures for using Newtonian reference materials at ambient temperatures to ensure accurate, repeatable readings. It excludes cone-and-plate or parallel plate viscometers and emphasizes safety, appropriate experimental conditions, and the use of SI units as measurement standards.

Key Topics

• Calibration Using Newtonian Reference Materials
  Calibration must be performed with Newtonian fluids that have certified viscosity values. The selected conditions such as temperature, viscosity range, and shear rate should closely match those planned for actual testing.

• Applicable Viscometer Types

  • Rotational-type viscometers where a constant speed produces a measured torque.
  • Stormer viscometers where a constant torque produces a measured rotational speed.

• Calibration and Verification Procedures

  • Detailed steps for apparatus preparation, spindle selection, temperature stabilization, and reference fluid handling.
  • Procedures for both constant speed (Method A) and constant torque (Method B) viscometer types.
  • Calculation of calibration verification factors and calibration coefficients for data interpretation.

• Reporting and Documentation

  • Clear requirements to document test methods, measurement conditions, viscometer specifications, calibration fluids, and calculated calibration factors.
  • Emphasis on traceability, repeatability, and bias assessment.

• Precision and Bias
  Comprehensive guidance on evaluating instrument performance and ensuring calibration accuracy through repeatability and bias metrics.

Applications

• Quality Control Laboratories
  Regular calibration of rotational viscometers ensures reliable viscosity data for product development, manufacturing, and quality assurance processes.

• Materials Testing Facilities
  Used for calibration of instruments measuring lubricants, paints, coatings, and other fluids where viscosity plays a crucial role in end-use performance.

• Instrument Manufacturers and Service Providers
  Essential reference for companies providing viscometer hardware or calibration services, ensuring their equipment meets recognized international standards.

• Regulatory Compliance
  Following ASTM E2975-23 helps organizations demonstrate compliance with global standardization requirements and enables validity in inter-laboratory test comparisons.

Related Standards

• ASTM E473 - Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
  Establishes key definitions such as viscosity, viscometry, Newtonian, and non-Newtonian materials.

• ASTM E1142 - Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
  Provides essential thermophysical property terms that support calibration procedures.

• ASTM E1970 - Practice for Statistical Treatment of Thermoanalytical Data
  Offers guidance on the statistical analysis of calibration and measurement data.

Summary

ASTM E2975-23 standardizes the calibration and calibration verification process for concentric cylinder rotational viscometers, enabling accurate and traceable viscosity measurements. Its practical procedures and clear documentation requirements support improved laboratory performance, product quality, and regulatory adherence. For any organization relying on viscosity testing, routine implementation of this standard ensures high measurement reliability and consistency across the industry.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E2975 −23
Standard Test Method for
Calibration or Calibration Verification of Concentric Cylinder
Rotational Viscometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Rotational viscometers have been commonly used for viscosity measurements since the first decade
of the twentieth century. After more than one hundred years, there have been many ease-of-use,
instrumentation, and data analysis improvements in these instruments. The initial constant torque
apparatus gave way to the more popular constant speed apparatus. Spindles became available supplied
with calibration constants. Computerization led to factory calibration and automatic viscosity
calculation. Even with these improvements, however, apparatus of the very earliest design is still
commonly used throughout the world.This standard seeks to provide users with the ability to calibrate
or verify calibration of rotational viscosity apparatus in their own laboratory.
1. Scope* 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method describes the calibration or calibration
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
verification of rotational viscometers in which the rotational
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
element is immersed in a Newtonian reference material under
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ambient temperature conditions. The method is applicable to
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
rotational-type viscometers where a constant rotational speed
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
results in a measured torque generated by the test specimen,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and to Stormer viscometers where a constant applied torque
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
results in a measured rotational speed. It is not intended for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
cone-and-plate or parallel plate viscometers.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 Calibration shall be performed with Newtonian refer-
2. Referenced Documents
ence materials using experimental conditions such as
temperature, viscosity range, and shear rate (rotational speed),
2.1 ASTM Standards:
as close as practical to those to be used for measurement of test
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
specimens.
ology
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
E1970 PracticeforStatisticalTreatmentofThermoanalytical
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Data
conversions that are provided for information only and are not
considered standard.
3. Terminology
1.3.1 Common viscosity units of Poise (P) are related to the
3.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this test
SI units by the equivalency 1 cP = 1 mPa·s.
method are described in Terminologies E473 and E1142
including Newtonian, non-Newtonian, stress, strain,
viscometer, viscometry, and viscosity.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E37 on Thermal
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.08 on Rheol-
ogy. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2023. Published January 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
ε1
approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E2975 – 16 . DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E2975-23. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2975−23
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 6. Apparatus
3.2.1 viscometer, Stormer, n—a rotational viscometer where
6.1 Viscometer, Concentric Cylinder Rotational—The es-
a constant torque is applied to a spindle and a resultant
sential instrumentation required providing the minimum rota-
rotational speed is measured.
tional viscometer analytical capabilities for this test method
include:
4. Summary of Test Method
6.1.1 A drive motor, to apply a rotational displacement to
the specimen at a rate from 0.5 r⁄min to 60 r/min constant to
4.1 Acylindrical spindle is rotated in a Newtonian reference
60.2 % of full scale or alternatively a torque to the specimen
fluid contained in a mating cylindrical container at a known (or
at a rate from 100 r⁄min to 200 r⁄min constant to 60.2%of
measured) speed at a defined temperature. The viscous drag
full scale.
experienced by the immersed element is measured (or known)
6.1.2 A coupling shaft, or other means to transmit the
as torque. Viscosity is proportional to the torque and inversely
rotational displacement from the motor to the specimen.
proportional to the shear rate (see Eq 1). A number of proxies
exist for torque and shear rate. For torque, proxies include, but
NOTE 2—It is convenient to have a mark on the shaft to indicate the
fluid level of the test specimen appropriate for the measurement.
are not limited to, mass (accelerated by gravity operating
through a moment arm), and the percent extension of a
6.1.3 A cylindrical rotational element, spindle, bob, or tool,
spring-providedforce.Forshearrate,proxiesincluderotational
composed of material inert to the material being tested, to fix
speed in a variety of units including r/min and rad/s, time (for
the specimen between the drive shaft and a stationary position.
a constant number of revolutions), or number of revolutions
NOTE 3—Each spindle typically covers about two decades of viscosity.
(per constant time).Aproportionality constant provides for the
Thespindleisselectedsothatthemeasuredviscosityisbetween10 %and
dimensions of the spindle and unit conversion (such as r/min to
100 % of the torque range for that spindle.
rad/s) factors (see Eq 2).
NOTE 4—This test method is intended for spindles that are immersed in
Newtonian viscosity reference fluids contained in a mating cylindrical
η 5τ ⁄ σ (1)
container. It is not intended for cone-and-plate or parallel plate viscom-
η 5 Eτ⁄ ώ (2)
eters.
6.1.4 A sensor to measure the torque within 61 % of full
where:
scale developed by the specimen or alternatively to measure
η = viscosity (Pa·s),
rotational speed within 61 % of full scale.
ώ = rotational speed (r/min),
E = calibration coefficient,
NOTE 5—For Stormer viscometers, this sensor is sometimes a rotational
τ = torque (N·m), and
turns-counter and a timer.
–1
σ = shear rate, S .
6.1.5 A temperature sensor to provide an indication of the
NOTE 1—1 Pa = 1 N/m ; 1 cP = 1 mPa·s; 1 r/min = 0.1047 rad/s.
specimen temperature of the range of 19 °C to 26 °C to within
4.2 The dimensions of the calibration constant depend upon
60.1 °C.
the units in which torque (or its proxy) and rotational speed (or
6.1.6 A temperature bath to provide a controlled isothermal
its proxy) are observed.
temperature environment for the specimen within the appli-
cable temperature range of this test method.
4.3 Modern apparatus with onboard computers often pro-
6.1.7 A temperature controller, capable of maintaining the
duce the desired measured viscosity directly. In this case, only
bath at a temperature constant to 60.1 °C over the range of
calibrationverificationisneededtoensureaproperlyoperating
19 °C to 26 °C.
apparatus.
6.1.8 A data collection device, to provide a means of
4.4 Calibration or calibration verification of a viscometer
acquiring, storing, and displaying measured or calculated
and its associated spindle is achieved by comparing the
signals, or both. The minimum output signals required for
viscosity indicated by the apparatus with that of the known
rotational viscosity are a signal proportional to torque, a signal
viscosity of a calibration fluid as their quotient using Eq 3, proportionaltoshearratesuchasrotationalspeed,temperature,
under experimental conditions used in measuring an unknown
and time.
fluid:
NOTE 6—Manual recording of measured variables is permitted.
C 5η ⁄ η (3)
t o
6.1.9 A stand, to support, level, lower and raise the drive
where:
motor, shaft and spindle.
η = the viscosity of the calibration fluid (Pa·s), 6.1.10 A specimen container, cylindrical in shape suitable
t
η = the viscosity indicated by the apparatus (Pa·s), and
for the spindle (6.1.3), to contain the test specimen during
o
C = calibration verification factor (dimensionless).
testing.
NOTE 7—The specific container may depend upon the spindle being
5. Significance and Use
used (see vendor’s recommendation). In the absence of other information,
a low-form Griffin beaker of 600 mL capacity shall be used.
5.1 This test method may be used to calibrate or verify
calibration of a rotational viscometer with coaxial spindle
6.1.11 Auxiliary instrumentation considered necessary or
geometries. useful in conducting this test method includes:
E2975−23
6.1.11.1 Data analysis capability to provide viscosity, 9.3.1 Vertically align and level the viscometer on its sup-
stress, or other useful quantities derived from measured sig- porting stand.
nals.
9.3.2 Connect the spindle selected in 9.1.1 to the coupling
6.1.11.2 A level to indicate the vertical plumb of the drive link.
motor, shaft, and spindle.
9.3.3 Align the spindle (and apparatus) over the sample
container.
NOTE 8—Viscometers and their spindles are precision equipment and
shall be kept from undue shock and mishandling. Physical damage to the
9.4 Spindle Insertion:
instrumentmayrevealitselfaserratictorqueorrotationalspeedindication
9.4.1 Slowly lower the spindle into the reference material
when the instrument, with or without a spindle in place, is operated in air.
container until the fluid covers the spindle and reaches a level
When operating normally, the indicated signal will be stable and have a
value of zero when operated in air. approximately 3 mm above the spindle active area.
NOTE9—Careshallbetakeninthestorageandhandlingofspindlesand
NOTE 15—The shaft may have a mark to indicate the appropriate fluid
assemblies. Protect them from dust, corrosive deposits, and mechani
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E2975 − 16 E2975 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Calibration or Calibration Verification of Concentric Cylinder
Rotational Viscometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Research report information was editorially added to 15.4 in May 2017.
INTRODUCTION
Rotational viscometers have been commonly used for viscosity measurements since the first decade
of the twentieth century. After more than one hundred years, there have been many ease-of-use,
instrumentation, and data analysis improvements in these instruments. The initial constant torque
apparatus gave way to the more popular constant speed apparatus. Spindles became available supplied
with calibration constants. Computerization led to factory calibration and automatic viscosity
calculation. Even with these improvements, however, apparatus of the very earliest design is still
commonly used throughout the world. This standard seeks to provide users with the ability to calibrate
or verify calibration of rotational viscosity apparatus in their own laboratory.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describes the calibration or calibration verification of rotational viscometers in which the rotational element
is immersed in a Newtonian reference material under ambient temperature conditions. The method is applicable to rotational-type
viscometers where a constant rotational speed results in a measured torque generated by the test specimen, and to Stormer
viscometers where a constant applied torque results in a measured rotational speed. It is not intended for cone-and-plate or parallel
plate viscometers.
1.2 Calibration shall be performed with Newtonian reference materials using experimental conditions such as temperature,
viscosity range, and shear rate (rotational speed), as close as practical to those to be used for measurement of test specimens.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3.1 Common viscosity units of Poise (P) are related to the SI units by the equivalency 1 cP = 1 mPa·s.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.08 on Rheology.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016Jan. 1, 2023. Published January 2017January 2023. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 as
ε1
E2975 – 15.16 . DOI: 10.1520/E2975-16E01.10.1520/E2975-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2975 − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1970 Practice for Statistical Treatment of Thermoanalytical Data
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this test method are described in Terminologies E473 and E1142 including
Newtonian, non-Newtonian, stress, strain, viscometer, viscometry, and viscosity.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
E2975 − 23
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 viscometer, Stormer, n—a rotational viscometer where a constant torque is applied to a spindle and a resultant rotational
speed is measured.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A cylindrical spindle is rotated in a Newtonian reference fluid contained in a mating cylindrical container at a known (or
measured) speed at a defined temperature. The viscous drag experienced by the immersed element is measured (or known) as
torque. Viscosity is proportional to the torque and inversely proportional to the shear rate (see Eq 1). A number of proxies exist
for torque and shear rate. For torque, proxies include, but are not limited to, mass (accelerated by gravity operating through a
moment arm), and the percent extension of a spring-provided force. For shear rate, proxies include rotational speed in a variety
of units including r/min and rad/s, time (for a constant number of revolutions), or number of revolutions (per constant time). A
proportionality constant provides for the dimensions of the spindle and unit conversion (such as r/min to rad/s) factors (see Eq 2).
η 5 τ ⁄ σ (1)
η 5 Eτ⁄ ώ (2)
where:
η = viscosity (Pa·s),
ώ = rotational speed (r/min),
E = calibration coefficient,
τ = torque (N·m), and
–1
σ = shear rate, S .
NOTE 1—1 Pa = 1 N/m ; 1 cP = 1 mPa·s; 1 r/min = 0.1047 rad/s.
4.2 The dimensions of the calibration constant depend upon the units in which torque (or its proxy) and rotational speed (or its
proxy) are observed.
4.3 Modern apparatus with onboard computers often produce the desired measured viscosity directly. In this case, only calibration
verification is needed to ensure a properly operating apparatus.
4.4 Calibration or calibration verification of a viscometer and its associated spindle is achieved by comparing the viscosity
indicated by the apparatus with that of the known viscosity of a calibration fluid as their quotient using Eq 3, under experimental
conditions used in measuring an unknown fluid:
C 5 η ⁄ η (3)
t o
where:
η = the viscosity of the calibration fluid (Pa·s),
t
η = the viscosity indicated by the apparatus (Pa·s), and
o
C = calibration verification factor (dimensionless).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method may be used to calibrate or verify calibration of a rotational viscometer with coaxial spindle geometries.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Viscometer, Concentric Cylinder Rotational—The essential instrumentation required providing the minimum rotational
viscometer analytical capabilities for this test method include:
6.1.1 A drive motor, to apply a rotational displacement to the specimen at a rate from 0.5 r ⁄min to 60 r/min constant to 60.2 %
of full scale or alternatively a torque to the specimen at a rate from 100 r ⁄min to 200 r ⁄min constant to 60.2 % of full scale.
6.1.2 A coupling shaft, or other means to transmit the rotational displacement from the motor to the specimen.
E2975 − 23
NOTE 2—It is convenient to have a mark on the shaft to indicate the fluid level of the test specimen appropriate for the measurement.
6.1.3 A cylindrical rotational element, spindle, bob, or tool, composed of material inert to the material being tested, to fix the
specimen between the drive shaft and a stationary position.
NOTE 3—Each spindle typically covers about two decades of viscosity. The spindle is selected so that the measured viscosity is between 10 % and 100 %
of the torque range for that spindle.
NOTE 4—This test method is intended for spindles that are immersed in Newtonian viscosity reference fluids contained in a mating cylindrical container.
It is not intended for cone-and-plate or parallel plate viscometers.
6.1.4 A sensor to measure the torque within 61 % of full scale developed by the specimen or alternatively to measure rotational
speed within 61 % 61 % of full scale.
NOTE 5—For Stormer viscometers, this sensor is sometimes a rotational turns-counter and a timer.
6.1.5 A temperature sensor to provide an indication of the specimen temperature of the range of 19°C19 °C to 26°C26 °C to within
60.1°C.60.1 °C.
6.1.6 A temperature bath to provide a controlled isothermal temperature environment for the specimen within the applicable
temperature range of this test method.
6.1.7 A temperature controller, capable of maintaining the bath at a temperature constant to 60.1°C60.1 °C over the range of
19°C19 °C to 26°C.26 °C.
6.1.8 A data collection device, to provide a means of acquiring, storing, and displaying measured or calculated signals, or both.
The minimum output signals required for rotational viscosity are a signal proportional to torque, a signal proportional to shear rate
such as rotational speed, temperature, and time.
NOTE 6—Manual recording of measured variables is permitted.
6.1.9 A stand, to support, level, lower and raise the drive motor, shaft and spindle.
6.1.10 A specimen container, cylindrical in shape suitable for the spindle (6.1.3), to contain the test specimen during testing.
NOTE 7—The specific container may depend upon the spindle being used (see vendor’s recommendation). In the absence of other information, a low-form
Griffin beaker of 600-mL600 mL capacity shall be used.
6.1.11 Auxiliary instrumentation considered necessary or useful in conducting this test method includes:
6.1.11.1 Data analysis capability to provide viscosity, stress, or other useful quantities derived from measured signals.
6.1.11.2 A level to indicate the vertical plumb of the drive motor, shaft, and spindle.
NOTE 8—Viscometers and their spindles are precision equipment and shall be kept from undue shock and mishandling. Physical damage to the instrument
may reveal itself as erratic torque or rotational speed indication when the instrument, with or without a spindle in place, is operated in air. When operating
normally, the indicated signal will be stable and have a value of zero when operated in air.
NOTE 9—Care shall be taken in the storage and handling of spindles and assemblies. Protect them from dust, corrosive deposits, and mechanical abuse.
Avoid touching the calibrated section of the spindles with the hands. Clean the spindle and sample container thoroughly after each use.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 One or more viscosity reference fluid (with its accompanying certification) in the range of that anticipated for the test specimen
measurement.
NOTE 10—Viscosity reference materials are typically available from the viscometer supplier.
E2975 − 23
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 Perform any viscome
...