ASTM E1142-14a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
SCOPE
1.1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding definitions commonly used in the study of thermophysical properties. Terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources are either not included or their sources identified.
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion.
1.3 Definitions of terms specific to a particular field (such as dynamic mechanical measurements) are identified with an italicized introductory phrase.
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Designation: E1142 − 14a
StandardTerminology
1
Relating to Thermophysical Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1142; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope admittance, Y, n—the reciprocal of impedance.
1.1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding
alpha (α) loss peak, n—in dynamic mechanical measurement,
definitions commonly used in the study of thermophysical
first peak in the damping curve below the melt, in order of
properties. Terms that are generally understood or defined
decreasing temperature or increasing frequency. E7
adequately in other readily available sources are either not
included or their sources identified. angular frequency, ω, n—the number of radians per second
traversedbyarotatingvectorthatrepresentsanyperiodically
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-
varying quantity.
mation included in a Discussion.
DISCUSSION—Angular frequency, ω, is equal to two π times the
1.3 Definitionsoftermsspecifictoaparticularfield(suchas
frequency, f.
dynamic mechanical measurements) are identified with an
anisotropic, adj—having different values for a property in
italicized introductory phrase.
different directions.
2. Referenced Documents
anti-thixotropy, n—anincreaseoftheapparentviscosityunder
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
constant shear stress or shear rate followed by a gradual
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical
recovery when the stress or shear rate is reduced to zero.
Properties
E7Terminology Relating to Metallography arrhenius equation, n—a mathematical relationship between
the specific reaction rate and the temperature given as:
E344Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
etry 2E/RT
k 5 Ae (1)
E2744Test Method for Pressure Calibration of Thermal
where:
Analyzers
kis the reaction rate constant, A is the frequency factor, Eis
the energy of activation, R is the gas constant, and Tis the
3. Terminology
absolute temperature.
3.1 Definitions:
absolute pressure, n—pressure measured relative to zero
atmospheric pressure, n—the pressure due to the weight of
pressure corresponding to empty space.
the atmosphere. E2744
DISCUSSION—Absolute pressure is atmospheric pressure plus gage
DISCUSSION—Atmospheric pressure varies with elevation above sea
pressure.
level, acceleration due to gravity, and weather conditions.
activation energy (E), n—inchemicalkinetics,theenergythat
barometer, n—an instrument for measuring atmospheric pres-
must be overcome in order for a chemical reaction to occur.
sure.
DISCUSSION—The term activation energy was introduced in 1889 by
SvanteArrhenius as a mathematical term in the eponymous, empirical
beta (β) loss peak, n—in dynamic mechanical measurement,
relationship between temperature and reaction rate constant.
second discrete peak in damping curve below the melt, in
order of decreasing temperature or increasing frequency.
D4092
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on
ThermalMeasurementsandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE37.03on
boiling pressure, n—at a specific temperature, the value of the
Nomenclature and Definitions.
Current edition approved April 1, 2014. Published April 2014. Originally vapor pressure of the liquid at which it is equal to the
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E1142–14. DOI:
external pressure.
10.1520/E1142-14A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
boiling temperature, n—at a specific pressure, the tempera-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ture at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. external pressure.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1142 − 14a
capacitance, n—that property of a system of conductors and complex viscosity, η*, n—thecomplexmodulusdividedbythe
dielectrics that permits the storage of electrical charge when imposed frequency in rad/s.
a potential difference exists between the conductors.
compliance, J, n—the strain divided by the corresponding
DISCUSSION—Capacitance is the ratio of a quantity of electric charge,
stress.
Q, to a potential difference, V. A capacitance value is always positive.
DISCUSSION—Compliance is the reciprocal of modulus.
The unit of capacitance is the farad, F, which is equivalent to one
coulomb per volt.
composition, n—quantity of the components of a mi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1142 − 14 E1142 − 14a
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Thermophysical Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1142; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding definitions commonly used in the study of thermophysical properties.
Terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources are either not included or their sources
identified.
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion. It is reviewed every five years, and
the year of the last review or revision is appended.
1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another standards organization or ASTM Committee are identified with the
abbreviation of the name of the organization or the identifying document and ASTM Committee.
1.3 Definitions of terms specific to a particular field (such as dynamic mechanical measurements) are identified with an
italicized introductory phrase.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties
E7 Terminology Relating to Metallography
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
E2744 Test Method for Pressure Calibration of Thermal Analyzers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
absolute pressure, n—pressure measured relative to zero pressure corresponding to empty space.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.03 on
Nomenclature and Definitions.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2014April 1, 2014. Published February 2014April 2014. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
E1142 – 13.E1142 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/E1142-14.10.1520/E1142-14A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
DISCUSSION—
Absolute pressure is atmospheric pressure plus gage pressure.
activation energy (E), n—in chemical kinetics, the energy that must be overcome in order for a chemical reaction to occur.
DISCUSSION—
The term activation energy was introduced in 1889 by Svante Arrhenius as a mathematical term in the eponymous, empirical relationship between
temperature and reaction rate constant.
admittance, Y,n—the reciprocal of impedance.
alpha (α) loss peak, n—in dynamic mechanical measurement, first peak in the damping curve below the melt, in order of
decreasing temperature or increasing frequency. E7
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1142 − 14a
angular frequency, ω, n—the number of radians per second traversed by a rotating vector that represents any periodically varying
quantity.
DISCUSSION—
Angular frequency, ω, is equal to two π times the frequency, f.
anisotropic, adj—having different values for a property in different directions.
anti-thixotropy, n—an increase of the apparent viscosity under constant shear stress or shear rate followed by a gradual recovery
when the stress or shear rate is reduced to zero.
arrhenius equation, n—a mathematical relationship between the specific reaction rate and the temperature given as:
2E/RT
k 5 Ae (1)
where:
kis the reaction rate constant, A is the frequency factor, Eis the energy of activation, R is the gas constant, and Tis the absolute
temperature.
atmospheric pressure, n—the pressure due to the weight of the atmosphere. E2744
DISCUSSION—
Atmospheric pressure varies with elevation above sea level, acceleration due to gravity, and weather conditions.
barometer, n—Anan instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure.
beta (β) loss peak, n—in dynamic mechanical measurement, second discrete peak in damping curve below the melt, in order of
decreasing temperature or increasing frequency. D4092
boiling pressure, n—at a specific temperature, the value of the vapor pressure of the liquid at which it is equal to the external
pressure.
boiling temperature, n—at a specific pressure, the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the li
...
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