ASTM E749/E749M-12
(Practice)Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Continuous Welding
Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Continuous Welding
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Detection and location of AE sources in weldments during fabrication may provide information related to the integrity of the weld. Such information may be used to direct repair procedures on the weld or as a guide for application of other nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods. A major attribute of applying AE for in-process monitoring of welds is the ability of the method to provide immediate real-time information on weld integrity. This feature makes the method useful to lower weld costs by repairing defects at the most convenient point in the production process. The AE activity from discontinuities in the weldment is stimulated by the thermal stresses from the welding process. The AE activity resulting from this stimulation is detected by AE sensors in the vicinity of the weldment, which convert the acoustic waves into electronic signals. The AE instrumentation processes signals and provides means for immediate display or indication of AE activity and for permanent recordings of the data.
Items to be considered in preparation and planning for monitoring should include but not be limited to the following:
Description of the system or object to be monitored or examined,
Extent of monitoring, that is, entire weld, cover passes only, and so forth,
Limitations or restrictions on the sensor mounting procedures, if applicable,
Performance parameters to be established and maintained during the AE system verification procedure (sensitivity, location accuracy, and so forth),
Maximum time interval between AE system verification checks,
Performance criteria for purchased equipment,
Requirements for permanent records of the AE response, if applicable,
Content and format of test report, if required, and
Operator qualification and certification, if required.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides recommended guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of weldments during and immediately following their fabrication by continuous welding processes.
1.2 The procedure described in this practice is applicable to the detection and location of AE sources in weldments and in their heat-affected zone during fabrication, particularly in those cases where the time duration of welding is such that fusion and solidification take place while welding is still in progress.
1.3 The effectiveness of acoustic emission to detect discontinuities in the weldment and the heat-affected zone is dependent on the design of the AE system, the AE system verification procedure, the weld process, and the material type. Materials that have been monitored include low-carbon steels, low-alloy steels, stainless steels, and some aluminum alloys. The system performance must be verified for each application by demonstrating that the defects of concern can be detected with the desired reliability.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E749/E749M − 12
Standard Practice for
1
Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Continuous Welding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E749/E749M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
Testing
1.1 This practice provides recommended guidelines for
E569 Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Struc-
acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of weldments during and
tures During Controlled Stimulation
immediately following their fabrication by continuous welding
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission
processes.
Sensors
1.2 The procedure described in this practice is applicable to
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
the detection and location of AE sources in weldments and in 3
2.2 ASNT Standards:
their heat-affected zone during fabrication, particularly in those
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive
cases where the time duration of welding is such that fusion
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
and solidification take place while welding is still in progress.
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
1.3 The effectiveness of acoustic emission to detect discon- cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
4
tinuities in the weldment and the heat-affected zone is depen-
2.3 AIA Standard:
dentonthedesignoftheAEsystem,theAEsystemverification
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
procedure, the weld process, and the material type. Materials
Personnel (Quality Assurance Committee)
that have been monitored include low-carbon steels, low-alloy
steels, stainless steels, and some aluminum alloys. The system 3. Terminology
performance must be verified for each application by demon-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to acoustic
strating that the defects of concern can be detected with the
emission testing, see Section B of Terminology E1316.
desired reliability.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
4.1 Detection and location of AE sources in weldments
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
during fabrication may provide information related to the
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
integrity of the weld. Such information may be used to direct
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
repair procedures on the weld or as a guide for application of
conformance with the standard.
other nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods. A major
attribute of applying AE for in-process monitoring of welds is
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the ability of the method to provide immediate real-time
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
information on weld integrity. This feature makes the method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
useful to lower weld costs by repairing defects at the most
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
convenient point in the production process. The AE activity
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
from discontinuities in the weldment is stimulated by the
2. Referenced Documents
thermal stresses from the welding process. The AE activity
2
resulting from this stimulation is detected byAE sensors in the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
vicinity of the weldment, which convert the acoustic waves
into electronic signals. The AE instrumentation processes
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
signals and provides means for immediate display or indication
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on
of AE activity and for permanent recordings of the data.
Acoustic Emission Method.
Current edition approved June 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E749 - 07. DOI:
3
10.1520/E0749-12. AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section app
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E749–07 Designation: E749/E749M – 12
Standard Practice for
1
Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Continuous Welding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E749/E749M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice provides recommended guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of weldments during and
immediately following their fabrication by continuous welding processes.
1.2 The procedure described in this practice is applicable to the detection and location ofAE sources in weldments and in their
heat-affected zone during fabrication, particularly in those cases where the time duration of welding is such that fusion and
solidification take place while welding is still in progress.
1.3 The effectiveness of acoustic emission to detect discontinuities in the weldment and the heat-affected zone is dependent on
the design of the AE system, the AE system verification procedure, the weld process, and the material type. Materials that have
been monitored include low-carbon steels, low-alloy steels, stainless steels, and some aluminum alloys. The system performance
must be verified for each application by demonstrating that the defects of concern can be detected with the desired reliability.
1.4
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E569 Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Structures During Controlled Stimulation
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
3
2.2 ASNT Standards:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
4
2.3 AIA Standard:
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Personnel (Quality Assurance Committee)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to acoustic emission testing, see Section B of Terminology E1316.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Detection and location of AE sources in weldments during fabrication may provide information related to the integrity of
theweld.Suchinformationmaybeusedtodirectrepairproceduresontheweldorasaguideforapplicationofothernondestructive
evaluation (NDE) methods. A major attribute of applying AE for in-process monitoring of welds is the ability of the method to
provide immediate real-time information on weld integrity. This feature makes the method useful to lower weld costs by repairing
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on NondestructiveTesting and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 onAcoustic Emission
Method.
Current edition approved Feb.June 15, 2007.2012. Published March 2007.July 2012. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as
E749 - 017. DOI: 10.1520/E0749-07.10.1520/E0749-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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