ASTM D396-18
(Specification)Standard Specification for Fuel Oils
Standard Specification for Fuel Oils
ABSTRACT
This specification covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades include the following: Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 for use in domestic and small industrial burners; Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel; Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 (Heavy) for use in commercial/industrial burners; and Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 for use in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. The grades of fuel oil shall be homogeneous hydrocarbon oils, free from inorganic acid, and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. Grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements prescribed for: (1) flash point, (2) water and sediment, (3) physical distillation or simulated distillation, (4) kinematic viscosity, (5) Ramsbottom carbon residue, (6) ash, (7) sulfur, (8) copper strip corrosion, (9) density, and (10) pour point. The test methods for determining conformance to the specified properties are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.
1.1.2 Grades B6–B20 S5000, B6–B20 S500, and B6–B20 S15 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and small industrial burners.
1.1.3 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.
1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.
Note 1: For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
Note 2: A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4.1 Non-SI units are provided in Table 1 and in 7.1.2.1/7.1.2.2 because these are common units used in the industry.
Note 3: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:D396 −18
Standard Specification for
1
Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D396; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.4.1 Non-SI units are provided in Table 1 and in
7.1.2.1/7.1.2.2 because these are common units used in the
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil
industry.
intendedforuseinvarioustypesoffuel-oil-burningequipment
NOTE 3—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades
problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more informa-
are described as follows:
tion on the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
low pour point fuel.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1.2 Grades B6–B20 S5000, B6–B20 S500, and B6–B20
S15 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in
2. Referenced Documents
domestic and small industrial burners.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.3 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate
D56Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in
D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
range.
D93Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are
Closed Cup Tester
residualfuelsofincreasingviscosityandboilingrange,usedin
D95Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling
Bituminous Materials by Distillation
and proper atomization.
D97Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
NOTE 1—For information on the significance of the terminology and
D129Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
NOTE 2—Amore detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given
D130Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
in X1.3.
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of DynamicViscos-
purchasesoffueloilsandfortheguidanceofconsumersoffuel
ity)
oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.
D473TestMethodforSedimentinCrudeOilsandFuelOils
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
by the Extraction Method
of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more D482Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
restrictive.
D524Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
Petroleum Products
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D664Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
standard.
by Potentiometric Titration
D975Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine
2
Fuels. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D396–17a. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D0396-18. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D396−18
2
A,B
TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Fuel Oils
ASTM Test No. 1 No. 1 No. 1
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D396 − 17a D396 − 18
Standard Specification for
1
Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D396; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment
under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels for use
in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to vaporizing
type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.
1.1.2 Grades B6–B20 S5000, B6–B20 S500, and B6–B20 S15 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and
small industrial burners.
1.1.3 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/
industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.
1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in
industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.
NOTE 1—For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
NOTE 2—A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases
of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4.1 Non-SI units are provided in Table 1 and in 7.1.2.1/7.1.2.2 because these are common units used in the industry.
NOTE 3—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information
on the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017May 1, 2018. Published January 2018June 2018. Originally approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
D396 – 17.D396 – 17a. DOI: 10.1520/D0396-17A.10.1520/D0396-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United Stat
...
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