ASTM D6465-99(2005)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selecting Aerospace and General Purpose Adhesives and Sealants
Standard Guide for Selecting Aerospace and General Purpose Adhesives and Sealants
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The guide is to be used by anyone developing bonding or sealing requirements for specifications for manufacturing, maintenance or overhaul. This guide has been designed to be application specific for each bonding or sealing application, and allows the design engineer to rest assured that the product(s) or process(es) selected by the industrial or manufacturing engineer will be compatible with both the part material and the subsequent processes, such as adherend/substrate cleaning and preparation. It allows the industrial or manufacturing engineer to customize the selection of the adhesive or sealant product based on the materials of the parts being bonded or sealed, the conditions required for the subsequent process(es), environmental, cost, and health and safety concerns.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to assist design engineers, manufacturing/industrial engineers, and production managers in selecting the best-fit adhesive/sealant or bonding/sealing process. The guide takes into account environmental pollution prevention and occupational health and safety factors in a selection process.
1.2 This guide is not to be considered as a database of acceptable materials. It will guide the engineers and managers through the adhesive/sealant material selection process, calling for engineers to customize their selection based on the bonding or sealing performance requirements for the specified application. A comprehensive selection process will allow for the establishment of a more efficient production process, and may eliminate unnecessary process steps. A total life cycle cost analysis or performance/cost of implementation study is recommended to compare the available alternatives.
1.3 This guide is for aerospace and general purpose operations. It is not intended to be used for automotive, carpet, construction, electronics, medical/dental, optical, or structural and nonstructural wood applications. Note that this guide is not specifically for these applications, but the general methodology may be used in the selection process for these applications.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6465–99(Reapproved2005)
Standard Guide for
Selecting Aerospace and General Purpose Adhesives and
Sealants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D896 Practice for Resistance ofAdhesive Bonds to Chemi-
cal Reagents
1.1 This guide is intended to assist design engineers,
D897 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Adhesive
manufacturing/industrial engineers, and production managers
Bonds
in selecting the best-fit adhesive/sealant or bonding/sealing
D903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhe-
process. The guide takes into account environmental pollution
sive Bonds
prevention and occupational health and safety factors in a
D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
selection process.
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
1.2 This guide is not to be considered as a database of
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
acceptable materials. It will guide the engineers and managers
D950 Test Method for Impact Strength of Adhesive Bonds
through the adhesive/sealant material selection process, calling
D1002 Test Method forApparent Shear Strength of Single-
for engineers to customize their selection based on the bonding
Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-
or sealing performance requirements for the specified applica-
sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
tion. A comprehensive selection process will allow for the
D1062 Test Method for Cleavage Strength of Metal-to-
establishment of a more efficient production process, and may
Metal Adhesive Bonds
eliminate unnecessary process steps. A total life cycle cost
D1084 Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives
analysis or performance/cost of implementation study is rec-
D1144 Practice for Determining Strength Development of
ommended to compare the available alternatives.
Adhesive Bonds
1.3 This guide is for aerospace and general purpose opera-
D1146 Test Method for Blocking Point of Potentially Ad-
tions. It is not intended to be used for automotive, carpet,
hesive Layers
construction, electronics, medical/dental, optical, or structural
D1151 Practice for Effect of Moisture and Temperature on
andnonstructuralwoodapplications.Notethatthisguideisnot
Adhesive Bonds
specificallyfortheseapplications,butthegeneralmethodology
D1183 Practices for Resistance of Adhesives to Cyclic
may be used in the selection process for these applications.
Laboratory Aging Conditions
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D1184 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Adhesive
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Bonded Laminated Assemblies
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D1337 Practice for Storage Life of Adhesives by Viscosity
2. Referenced Documents
and Bond Strength
D1338 Practice for Working Life of Liquid or Paste Adhe-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sives by Consistency and Bond Strength
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D1780 Practice for Conducting Creep Tests of Metal-to-
Metal Adhesives
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD14onAdhesivesand
D1781 Test Method for Climbing Drum Peel forAdhesives
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.60 on Adhesive Material Classi-
D1828 Practice for Atmospheric Exposure of Adhesive-
fication System.
Bonded Joints and Structures
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D6465 – 99. DOI:
D1875 Test Method for Density ofAdhesives in Fluid Form
10.1520/D6465-99R05.
D1876 Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Peel Test)
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6465–99 (2005)
D1879 Practice for Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
Ionizing Radiation D3310 Test Method for Determining Corrosivity of Adhe-
D1916 Test Method for Penetration of Adhesives
sive Materials
D1994 Test Method for Determination of Acid Numbers of D3433 Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage of
Hot-Melt Adhesives
Adhesives in Bonded Metal Joints
D1995 Test Methods for Multi-Modal Strength Testing of
D3528 Test Method for Strength Properties of Double Lap
Autohesives (Contact Adhesives)
Shear Adhesive Joints by Tension Loading
D2093 Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior
D3632 Test Method for Accelerated Aging of Adhesive
to Adhesive Bonding
Joints by the Oxygen-Pressure Method
D2095 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Adhesives by
D3762 Test Method forAdhesive-Bonded Surface Durabil-
Means of Bar and Rod Specimens
ity of Aluminum (Wedge Test)
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
D3807 Test Method for Strength Properties ofAdhesives in
Hardness
Cleavage Peel by Tension Loading (Engineering Plastics-
D2293 Test Method for Creep Properties of Adhesives in
to-Engineering Plastics)
Shear by Compression Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
D3929 Test Method for Evaluating Stress Cracking of
D2294 Test Method for Creep Properties of Adhesives in
Plastics by Adhesives Using the Bent-Beam Method
Shear by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
D3931 Test Method for Determining Strength of Gap-
D2295 Test Method for Strength Properties ofAdhesives in
FillingAdhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
Shear by Tension Loading at Elevated Temperatures
D3933 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Surfaces for
(Metal-to-Metal)
Structural Adhesives Bonding (Phosphoric Acid Anodiz-
D2556 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives
ing)
Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties
D3983 Test Method for Measuring Strength and Shear
D2557 Test Method for Tensile-Shear Strength of Adhe-
Modulus of Nonrigid Adhesives by the Thick-Adherend
sives in the Subzero Temperature Range from Ø267.8 to
Tensile-Lap Specimen
Ø55°C (Ø450 to Ø67°F)
D4027 Test Method for Measuring Shear Properties of
D2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid
Structural Adhesives by the Modified-Rail Test
Plastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor
D4317 Specification for PolyvinylAcetate-Based Emulsion
D2651 Guide for Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhe-
Adhesives
sive Bonding
D4339 Test Method for Determination of the Odor of
D2674 Methods of Analysis of Sulfochromate Etch Solu-
Adhesives
tion Used in Surface Preparation of Aluminum
D4497 Test Method for Determining the Open Time of Hot
D2918 Test Method for DurabilityAssessment ofAdhesive
Melt Adhesives (Manual Method)
Joints Stressed in Peel
D4498 Test Method for Heat-Fail Temperature in Shear of
D2919 TestMethodforDeterminingDurabilityofAdhesive
Hot Melt Adhesives
Joints Stressed in Shear by Tension Loading
D4499 Test Method for Heat Stability of Hot-Melt Adhe-
D2979 Test Method for Pressure-Sensitive Tack of Adhe-
sives
sives Using an Inverted Probe Machine
D4501 Test Method for Shear Strength of Adhesive Bonds
D3111 Test Method for Flexibility Determination of Hot-
Between Rigid Substrates by the Block-Shear Method
Melt Adhesives by Mandrel Bend Test Method
D4562 Test Method for Shear Strength of Adhesives Using
D3121 Test Method for Tack of Pressure-Sensitive Adhe-
Pin-and-Collar Specimen
sives by Rolling Ball
D4689 Specification for Adhesive, Casein-Type
D3163 Test Method for Determining Strength of Adhe-
D4690 Specification for Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhe-
sively Bonded Rigid Plastic Lap-Shear Joints in Shear by
sives
Tension Loading
D4783 Test Methods for Resistance of Adhesive Prepara-
D3164 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesively
tions in Container to Attack by Bacteria, Yeast, and Fungi
Bonded Plastic Lap-Shear Sandwich Joints in Shear by
D4800 Guide for Classifying and Specifying Adhesives
Tension Loading
D5041 Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage of
D3165 Test Method for Strength Properties ofAdhesives in
Adhesives in Bonded Joints
Shear by Tension Loading of Single-Lap-Joint Laminated
D5267 Test Method for Determination of Extrudability of
Assemblies
Cartridge Adhesives
D3166 Test Method for Fatigue Properties of Adhesives in
D5363 Specification for Anaerobic Single-Component Ad-
Shear by Tension Loading (Metal/Metal)
hesives (AN)
D3167 Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance of
D5573 Practice for Classifying Failure Modes in Fiber-
Adhesives
Reinforced-Plastic (FRP) Joints
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
D5648 Test Method for Torque-Tension Relationship of
Adhesives Used on Threaded Fasteners (Lubricity)
D5649 Test Method for Torque Strength ofAdhesives Used
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org. on Threaded Fasteners
D6465–99 (2005)
TABLE 1 Summary of Guide TABLE 2 Environmental, Safety and Health Requirements
Step Defined User Requirements Procedure Concern Requirement
1 Define the Environmental, Safety, Physical and Chemical Properties Environment Compliance with all federal, state, and local laws
& Health, Physical and Chemical Tests – Verify that the prospective and regulations, and manufacturer’s
Requirements of the Application adhesive or sealant is acceptable recommendations concerning the procurement, use
and disposal of the adhesive or sealant and
2 Define the Reason for Bonding or Performance Requirements – associated materials
Sealing Determine the required performance
levels for the specific application and Worker Safety and Health Compliance with OSHA and other regulatory & non-
prospective adhesive/sealant regulatory sources including manufacturer’s
exposure recommendations ACGIH, etc.; provide
sufficient personal protective equipment to ensure
3 Define the Material(s) to be Performance/Material Compatibility
Bonded or Sealed Test(s) – Verify that the prospective the health and safety risks of using the adhesive or
adhesive/sealant will not harm the sealant are minimized
component(s) being bonded or
sealed and will perform to the
desired level of bonding or sealing
for the particular application
ation criteria that should be followed in order to evaluate the
potential adhesive or sealant. Table 1 provides a summary of
4 Determine Configuration, Cleaning, Applicable processes and equipment.
and Preparation Requirements Cleaning levels and preparation of
the user-defined requirements information and the procedures
the adherend and substrate critical to
to be provided by the guide.The order of the steps presented in
the performance of the adhesive or
sealant Table 1 is suggested, but not crucial to the successful use of the
guide. Section 6 will provide greater details on both the user
5 Select Adhesive or Sealant Validate performance, environment,
input and the guidance provided.
cost, preparation, and worker health
and safety
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The guide is to be used by anyone developing bonding
D5656 Test Method for Thick-Adherend Metal Lap-Shear or sealing requirements for specifications for manufacturing,
maintenance or overhaul. This guide has been designed to be
Joints for Determination of the Stress-Strain Behavior of
Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading application specific for each bonding or sealing application,
and allows the design engineer to rest assured that the
D5657 Test Method for Fluid Tightness Ability of Adhe-
sives Used on Threaded Fasteners product(s) or process(es) selected by the industrial or manu-
facturing engineer will be compatible with both the part
D5868 Test Method for Lap Shear Adhesion for Fiber
Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Bonding material and the subsequent processes, such as adherend/
substrate cleaning and preparation. It allows the industrial or
D6195 Test Methods for Loop Tack
D6361 Guide for Selecting Cleaning Agents and Processes manufacturing engineer to customize the selection of the
adhesive or sealant product based on the materials of the parts
E229 TestMethodforShearStrengthandShearModulusof
being bonded or sealed, the conditions required for the subse-
Structural Adhesives
quent process(es), environmental, cost, and health and safety
3. Terminology
concerns.
3.1 Definitions—Fortechnicaltermspertainingtoadhesives
6. Procedure
and sealants, see Terminology D907.
3.2 Classifications—For the identification and classification 6.1 Step 1—Define the Requirements of the Application—
system of adhesives and sealants, see Guide D4800. (Related
The first step taken in selecting an adhesive/sealant is to
documents: Specification D4317; Specification D4689; Speci- determine the requirements of the application. These require-
fication D4690; Specification D5363; and Test Method ments include environmental, safety and health, and the
D1994.) physical and chemical properties of the adhesive/sealant itself,
the application’s performance levels, and surface preparation/
4. Summary of Guide
cleaning.
4.1 Table 1 is a summary of the five step approach for 6.1.1 Environmental, Safety, and Health Requirements—
selecting adhesives/sealants and bonding or sealing processes Table2presentssomeofthemorecommonconcernsregarding
foruseinaerospaceandgeneralpurposeoperations.Thisguide adhesive and sealant and their effects on the environment, and
is based on adhesive/sealant performance in accordance with worker safety and health. To use Table 2, the engineer should
specific adherends and substrates. The user’s performance find their concerns on the left-hand column of the table, and
requirements play a key role in the process, along with the ensure that the adhesive/sealant meets the requirements listed
environmental, and safety and health parameters. Adherend/ in the right-hand column.
substrate material surface preparation and cleaning also play a 6.1.2 Physical, Chemical, and Performance Properties—
key role in the performance of adhesives/sealants, and are Table3presentssomeofthemorecommonconcernsregarding
factored-in as part of this selection process. For each step the adhesives/sealants and their physical, chemical, and perfor-
user of the guide will provide specific information on a mance properties, and the corresponding tests required to
particular aspect of their proc
...
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