ASTM E473-07b

Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for which ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo-as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermalas a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.
1.3 Definitions that are similar to those published by another standards body are identified with the abbreviation of the name of the organization: for example, ICTAC is the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and the year of the last review or revision is appended.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2007
• ICS: 01.040.17 - Metrology and measurement. Physical phenomena (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 17.200.10 - Heat. Calorimetry
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.03 - Nomenclature and Definitions

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E473-07a - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Replaced By: ASTM E473-08 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E1363-23 - Standard Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E3301-22 - Standard Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers Using Thermal Lag
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E1953-20 - Standard Practice for Description of Thermal Analysis and Rheology Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E2890-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Kinetic Parameters and Reaction Order for Thermally Unstable Materials by Differential Scanning Calorimetry Using the Kissinger and Farjas Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM F1925-22 - Standard Specification for Semi-Crystalline Poly(lactide) Polymer and Copolymer Resins for Surgical Implants
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E2785-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Exposure of Firestop Materials to Severe Environmental Conditions
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E1858-23 - Standard Test Methods for Determining Oxidation Induction Time of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM C1470-20 - Standard Guide for Testing the Thermal Properties of Advanced Ceramics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E2105-00(2016) - Standard Practice for General Techniques of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Coupled With Infrared Analysis (TGA/IR)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E537-20 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Chemicals by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E928-19 - Standard Test Method for Purity by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E2161-23c - Standard Terminology Relating to Performance Validation in Thermal Analysis and Rheology
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E228-22 - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E473–07b
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope controlled-rate thermal analysis, (CRTA), n—a family of
techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile
1.1 Thisterminologyisacompilationofdefinitionsofterms
needed to maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a
used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and
property of a substance. (ICTAC) (1999)
rheology.Thisterminologyincludesonlythosetermsforwhich
ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It
NOTE 1—Compared to controlled-temperature experiments, where the
is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to
reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can become
limited by heat or mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more likely to
thermal analysis and rheology.
involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This technique can also
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word
improve the resolution of multiple reactions. For example, in controlled
form for terms using thermo-as a prefix, such as thermoana-
rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate
lytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for
of mass loss (or gain).
some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal
controlled-temperature program,n—the temperature history
analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it
experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal
recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word
analysis experiment.
form using thermalas a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or
thermalmagnetometry.
NOTE 2—In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the
1.3 Definitionsthataresimilartothosepublishedbyanother
furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for
standards body are identified with the abbreviation of the name controlled-temperature experiments. The program may include heating or
cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate,
of the organization: for example, ICTAC is the International
isothermal segments in which time becomes the explicit independent
Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.
variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmosphere
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-
(or vacuum) around the sample is changed by some external action
mation included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and
(depending on the independent variable only—temperature or time)
the year of the last review or revision is appended.
during the course of the experiment, that too becomes part of the
controlled-temperature program.
2. Referenced Documents
2 curve, thermal, n—the plot of a dependent parameter against
2.1 ASTM Standards:
an independent parameter such as temperature or time.
E 1445 Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of
(ICTAC) (1999)
Chemicals
dielectric thermal analysis, (DETA or DEA), n—a technique
3. Terminology in which the dielectric constant (permittivity, or capacitance)
and dielectric loss (conductance) of a substance under
combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to
oscillating electric field are measured as a function of
different samples at the same time. (ICTAC) (1999)
temperature or time while the substance is subjected to a
controlled-temperature program in a specified atmophere.
(ICTAC) (1999)
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on
derivative, adj—pertaining to the first derivative (mathemati-
ThermalMeasurementsandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE37.03on
cal) of any curve with respect to temperature or time.
Nomenclature and Definitions.
differential, adj—pertaining to a difference in measured or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E 473 – 07a.
measureable quantities usually between a substance and
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
some reference or standard material.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), n—A technique in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. which the heat flow difference into a substance and a
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E473–07a Designation:E473–07b
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and
rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for whichASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is
not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo-as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical
or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This
terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermalas a
prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.
1.3 Definitions that are similar to those published by another standards body are identified with the abbreviation of the name
of the organization: for example, ICTAC is the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.
1.4 Adefinition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and the year
of the last review or revision is appended.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 1445 Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemicals
3. Terminology
combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to different samples at the same time. (ICTAC) (1999)
controlled-rate thermal analysis, (CRTA ), n—a family of techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile needed
to maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a property of a substance. (ICTAC) (1999)
NOTE 1—Compared to controlled-temperature experiments, where the reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can become limited by
heat or mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more likely to involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This technique can also improve the
resolution of multiple reactions. For example, in controlled rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of mass loss (or
gain).
controlled-temperature program, n— the temperature history experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal analysis
experiment.
NOTE 2—In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for
controlled-temperature experiments.The program may include heating or cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate, isothermal
segments in which time becomes the explicit independent variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmosphere (or vacuum) around
the sample is changed by some external action (depending on the independent variable only—temperature or time) during the course of the experiment,
that too becomes part of the controlled-temperature program.
curve, thermal, n—the plot of a dependent parameter against an independent parameter such as temperature or time. (ICTAC)
(1999)
dielectric thermal analysis, (DETA or DEA), n—a technique in which the dielectric constant (permittivity, or capacitance) and
dielectric loss (conductance) of a substance under oscillating electric field are measured as a function of temperature or time
while the substance is subjected to a controlled-temperature program in a specified atmophere. (ICTAC) (1999)
derivative, adj—pertaining to the first derivative (mathematical) of any curve with respect to temperature or time.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.03 on
Nomenclature and Definitions.
Current edition approved JulyNov. 1, 2007. Published July 2007.January 2008. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E 473 – 07a.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
...