ASTM D5730-04
(Guide)Standard Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone and Groundwater (Withdrawn 2013)
Standard Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone and Groundwater (Withdrawn 2013)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide provides a general approach to environmental site characterization. Environmental site characterization provides information for a wide variety of uses including:
Determination of ambient background or baseline conditions, including, but not limited to, geochemistry, hydrogeology, microbiology, mineralogy, and water quality.
Assessment of site suitability for a future use or a use which may be compromised by site characteristics, such as flooding, seismic activity, and landslides (mass wasting).
Protection of site quality from the detrimental effects of human activities and natural processes, or minimization of adverse environmental impacts. Specific examples of uses of environmental site characterization for these purposes include: (1) delineation of groundwater or wellhead protection areas, (2) assessing the suitability of sites for disposal of industrial and residential liquid and solid wastes, (3) assessing soil suitability for land treatment of wastes, and (4) evaluating soil suitability for agricultural practices in order to minimize soil erosion and contamination from agricultural chemicals.
Assessment of the type, distribution, and extent of surface and subsurface contamination to determine compliance; risk to human health and the environment; and responsibility for remediation. Such assessments include: (1) sites involved in real estate transactions, (2) controlled and uncontrolled hazardous waste sites, (3) controlled and uncontrolled municipal solid waste, wastewater, and other nonhazardous waste disposal sites.
Assessment of surface and subsurface environmental processes that affect the fate, mobilization, and rate of transport of natural and anthropogenic chemicals in the subsurface.
Assessment of the type, distribution, and extent of natural and anthropogenic radioactive elements in the subsurface.
Assessment of the degree of risk that adverse subsurface site conditions not related to 4.1.4 and 4.1.5 pose to human health and sa...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers a general approach to planning field investigations that is useful for any type of environmental investigation with a primary focus on the subsurface and major factors affecting the surface and subsurface environment. Generally, such investigations should identify and locate, both horizontally and vertically, significant soil and rock masses and groundwater conditions present within a given site area and establish the characteristics of the subsurface materials by sampling or in situ testing, or both. The extent of characterization and specific methods used will be determined by the environmental objectives and data quality requirements of the investigation. This guide focuses on field methods for determining site characteristics and collection of samples for further physical and chemical characterization. This guide does not address special considerations required for characterization of karst and fractured rock terrane. In such hydrogeologic settings refer to Quinlan and Guide D5717, (1).
1.2 This guide refers to ASTM standard methods by which soil, rock, vadose zone, and groundwater conditions may be determined. Laboratory testing of soil, rock, and groundwater samples is specified by other ASTM standards which are not specifically discussed in this guide. Laboratory methods for measurement of physical properties relevant to environmental investigations are included in Appendix X1.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot rep...
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D5730 − 04
StandardGuide for
Site Characterization for Environmental Purposes With
Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone and
1
Groundwater
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5730; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide covers the selection of the various ASTM Standards that are available for the
investigation of soil, rock, the vadose zone, groundwater, and other media where the investigations
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have an environmental purpose. It is intended to improve consistency of practice and to encourage
rational planning of a site characterization program by providing a checklist to assist in the design of
an environmental reconnaissance/investigation plan.The subsurface conditions at a particular site are
usually the result of a combination of natural geologic, topographic, hydrologic, and climatic factors,
and of historical modifications both natural and manmade.An adequate and internally consistent site
characterization program will allow evaluation of the results of these influences. Site characterization
for engineering, design, and construction purposes are addressed in a separate guide, Guide D420.
The understanding of environmental processes occurring in soil and rock systems depends on
adequate characterization of physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil and rock. Processes
of interest may include, but are not limited to, surface and subsurface hydrology, contaminant
mobilization, distribution, fate and transport; chemical and biological degradation of wastes; and
geomorphological/ecological processes.Although this guide focusses primarily on characterization of
soil and rock, it is understood that climatic and biotic factors may also be important in understanding
environmental processes in soil and rock systems.
1. Scope groundwater conditions present within a given site area and
establish the characteristics of the subsurface materials by
1.1 This guide covers a general approach to planning field
sampling or in situ testing, or both. The extent of character-
investigations that is useful for any type of environmental
ization and specific methods used will be determined by the
investigationwithaprimaryfocusonthesubsurfaceandmajor
environmental objectives and data quality requirements of the
factors affecting the surface and subsurface environment.
investigation. This guide focuses on field methods for deter-
Generally, such investigations should identify and locate, both
miningsitecharacteristicsandcollectionofsamplesforfurther
horizontallyandvertically,significantsoilandrockmassesand
physical and chemical characterization. This guide does not
address special considerations required for characterization of
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ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoilandRock
karstandfracturedrockterrane.Insuchhydrogeologicsettings
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and Subsurface
refer to Quinlan and Guide D5717, (1).
Characterization.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2004. Published March 2004. Originally
1.2 This guide refers toASTM standard methods by which
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5730–02. DOI:
soil, rock, vadose zone, and groundwater conditions may be
10.1520/D5730-04.
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determined. Laboratory testing of soil, rock, and groundwater
This guide is under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D18.01 (Surface and
Subsurface Characterization) of the Committee on Soil and Rock, and as such has
samples is specified by other ASTM standards which are not
a primary focus on subsurface characterization, including soil, rock, and fluids
specifically discussed in this guide. Laboratory methods for
contained therein (including liquid and gaseous components), and subsurface biota.
measurement of physical properties relevant to environmental
Surfacehydrology,meteorology,airquality,geomorphicprocesses,biota,andwaste
materials (when present at a site) are to a greater or lesser extent linked to investigations are included in Appendix X1.
environmental processes in soil and rock systems. Consequently other ASTM
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
methodsofparticularrelevancetoenvironmentalsiteinvestigationsareidentifiedin
this guide, but are addressed in less detail. standard.
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D5730 − 04
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the D3404Guide for Measuring Matric Potential in Vadose
sa
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