ASTM C1131-95(2007)

Standard Practice for Least Cost (Life Cycle) Analysis of Concrete Culvert, Storm Sewer, and Sanitary Sewer Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The significance of the LCA method is that it is a comprehensive technique for taking into account all relevant monetary values over the project design life and provides a measure of the total cost of the material, system, or structure.
The LCA method can be effectively applied in both the preconstruction and bid stages of projects. After bids are taken, real costs can be used instead of estimates.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for least cost (life cycle) analysis (LCA) of materials, systems, or structures proposed for use in the construction of concrete culvert, storm sewer, and sanitary sewer systems.
Note 1—As intended in this practice, examples of analyses include, but are not limited to the following: (1) materials-pipe linings and coatings, concrete wall thicknesses, cements, additives, etc.; (2) systems-circular pipe, box sections, multiple lines, force mains, etc.; and (3) structures-wet and dry wells, pump and lift stations, etc.
1.2 The LCA method includes costs associated with planning, engineering, construction (bid price), maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement, and cost deductions for any residual value at the end of the proposed project design life.
1.3 For each material, system, or structure, the LCA method determines in present value constant dollars, the total of all initial and future costs over the project design life, and deducts any residual value.
1.4 Major factors in the LCA method include project design life, service life, and relevant interest and inflation rates.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2007
• ICS: 91.140.80 - Drainage systems
• Technical Committee: C13 - Concrete Pipe
• Drafting Committee: C13.05 - Special Projects

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1131-95(2000) - Standard Practice for Least Cost (Life Cycle) Analysis of Concrete Culvert, Storm Sewer, and Sanitary Sewer Systems
• Effective Date: 01-May-2007
• Replaced By: ASTM C1131-10 - Standard Practice for Least Cost (Life Cycle) Analysis of Concrete Culvert, Storm Sewer, and Sanitary Sewer Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1131 – 95 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Practice for
Least Cost (Life Cycle) Analysis of Concrete Culvert, Storm
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Sewer, and Sanitary Sewer Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1131; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2.1 Discussion—Current dollars are costs stated at price
levels in effect whenever the costs are incurred. In the absence
1.1 Thispracticecoversproceduresforleastcost(lifecycle)
of inflation or deflation, current dollars are equal to constant
analysis (LCA) of materials, systems, or structures proposed
dollars.
foruseintheconstructionofconcreteculvert,stormsewer,and
3.1.3 direct costs—the direct costs of excavation, removal,
sanitary sewer systems.
and disposal of existing materials, systems, or structures;
NOTE 1—Asintendedinthispractice,examplesofanalysesinclude,but
installation and testing of replacements materials, systems or
are not limited to the following: (1) materials-pipe linings and coatings,
structures; backfill; and surface restoration.
concrete wall thicknesses, cements, additives, etc.; (2) systems-circular
3.1.4 discount rate—accounts for the time value of money
pipe, box sections, multiple lines, force mains, etc.; and (3) structures-wet
andreflectstheimpartialityofpayingorreceivingadollarnow
and dry wells, pump and lift stations, etc.
or at a future time.
1.2 The LCA method includes costs associated with plan-
3.1.4.1 Discussion—The discount rate is used to convert
ning, engineering, construction (bid price), maintenance, reha-
costs occurring at different times to equivalent costs at a
bilitationandreplacement,andcostdeductionsforanyresidual
common time. Discount rates may be expressed in nominal or
value at the end of the proposed project design life.
real terms.
1.3 For each material, system, or structure, the LCAmethod
3.1.5 future costs—costs incurred after a project has been
determines in present value constant dollars, the total of all
constructed and operating, such as maintenance, rehabilitation,
initial and future costs over the project design life, and deducts
and replacement costs.
any residual value.
3.1.6 indirect costs—the costs of traffic rerouting, safety,
1.4 Major factors in the LCAmethod include project design
utility relocations, etc., and additional future costs required by
life, service life, and relevant interest and inflation rates.
new land uses, population growth, etc.
3.1.7 inflation rate—an increase in the volume of money
2. Referenced Documents
and credit relative to available goods and services resulting in
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
a continuing rise in the general price level.
E833 Terminology of Building Economics
3.1.7.1 Discussion—In this practice, inflation refers to
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yearly change in the Producer Price Index (1).
3. Terminology
3.1.8 interest rate—the cost of borrowed money.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.9 maintenance costs—the annual or periodic direct and
3.1.1 constant dollars—dollars of uniform purchasing
indirect costs of keeping a material, system, or structure
power exclusive of inflation or deflation.
functioning for the project design life; such maintenance does
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Constant dollars are costs stated at
not extend the service life of the material, system, or structure.
price levels for a specific reference year, usually the particular
3.1.10 nominal discount rate—a discount rate that takes
time that the LCA is being conducted.
into account both the effects of inflation and the real earning
3.1.2 current dollars—dollarsofpurchasingpowerinwhich
potential of money invested over time.
actual prices are stated, including inflation or deflation.
3.1.10.1 Discussion—When future costs and values are
expressed in current dollars, after having been adjusted for
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete
inflation, a nominal discount rate is used to convert the future
Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.05 on Special Projects.
costs and values to present value constant dollars. Users of this
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C1131 – 95 (2000).
practice should consult with their accountant or client to
DOI: 10.1520/C1131-95R07.
determine the appropriate discount rate for a given project.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
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the ASTM website. The bol
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