ASTM A478-97(2019)

Standard Specification for Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Weaving and Knitting Wire

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the commonly used types of round stainless steel wire intended especially for weaving and knitting. The steel shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition specified. Wire shall be furnished in one of the following conditions: annealing, bright annealing, or cold drawing. The material shall conform to the requirements as to mechanical properties. The types of finish procurable are as follows: pickled finish and bright finish.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the more commonly used types of round stainless steel wire intended especially for weaving and knitting.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2019
• ICS: 77.140.20 - Stainless steels
• ICS: 77.140.65 - Steel wire, wire ropes and link chains
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.17 - Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A478-97(2013) - Standard Specification for Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Weaving and Knitting Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019
• Refers: ASTM A555/A555M-16 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Refers: ASTM A555/A555M-05(2014) - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Refers: ASTM A751-14 - Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Refers: ASTM A555/A555M-05(2009) - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
• Effective Date: 01-May-2009
• Refers: ASTM A751-08 - Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Refers: ASTM A751-07a - Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2007
• Refers: ASTM A751-07 - Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Refers: ASTM A751-01(2006) - Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-May-2006
• Refers: ASTM A555/A555M-05 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2005
• Refers: ASTM A751-01 - Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Refers: ASTM A751-96 - Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Refers: ASTM A555/A555M-97(2002) - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997
• Refers: ASTM A555/A555M-97 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F1217-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Cooker, Steam
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019

Overview

ASTM A478-97(2019): Standard Specification for Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Weaving and Knitting Wire establishes the requirements for round stainless steel wire commonly used in weaving and knitting processes. Developed by ASTM International, this specification defines critical standards for chemical composition, mechanical properties, wire conditions, and surface finishes. It applies to a range of widely utilized stainless steel grades known for their corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, making them ideal for fabricating woven and knitted wire products in various industrial and commercial applications.

Key Topics

• Material Requirements
  • Specifies types of chromium-nickel stainless steel, such as 302, 304, 304L, 305, 309S, 316, 316L, and others.
  • Chemical composition limits for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, and, as applicable, molybdenum or other elements.
• Mechanical Properties
  • Defines tensile strength and elongation requirements for annealed, bright annealed, and cold drawn wire conditions.
  • Wire diameter ranges, with different mechanical property ranges depending on diameter and type.
• Wire Conditions
  • Wire may be supplied as annealed, bright annealed, or cold drawn, depending on required application performance.
• Surface Finishes
  • Two principal wire finishes: pickled finish and bright finish, suitable for aesthetic or functional requirements in the end application.
• Ordering and Delivery
  • Purchase orders must specify quantity, material type, condition, finish, form, applicable standards, and any special requirements.
  • Packaging must ensure safe delivery, with each coil or spool being a continuous length and securely wrapped or boxed.

Applications

Chromium-nickel stainless steel weaving and knitting wire produced according to ASTM A478-97(2019) is commonly used in the following sectors:

• Industrial Filtration: Woven stainless steel mesh used in liquid and air filtration systems.
• Textile Manufacturing: Knitted or woven wire fabrics for conveyors and process belts.
• Sieves and Screens: Mesh used in food processing, chemical processing, and mining industries for sieving, sorting, and screening materials.
• Architectural Applications: Woven wire for decorative panels, protective screens, and cladding.
• Medical Devices: Stainless steel wire mesh for surgical instruments, implants, and filters, benefiting from corrosion resistance and cleanliness.
• Automotive and Aerospace: Applications where precision-formed, corrosion-resistant mesh is required for filtration or reinforcement components.

By conforming to ASTM A478, manufacturers ensure their woven or knitted stainless steel wire meets consistent quality, performance, and safety standards, suitable for both domestic and international markets.

Related Standards

• ASTM A555/A555M: General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods. This standard is referenced for additional requirements not covered in A478 and must be followed in conjunction.
• ASTM A751: Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products. Provides protocols for verifying stainless steel composition.
• Other Relevant Specifications: Depending on application, related ASTM standards for stainless steel products or wire mesh may also apply.

Keywords: ASTM A478, stainless steel wire, chromium-nickel wire, weaving wire, knitting wire, wire mesh, stainless steel specifications, wire standards, industrial filtration, ASTM International.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A478 −97 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Specification for
Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Weaving and Knitting
Wire
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A478; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.7 Applicable dimensions (diameter),
3.1.8 Type designation (see Table 1),
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversthemorecommonlyusedtypes
3.1.9 ASTM designation and date of issue, and
of round stainless steel wire intended especially for weaving
3.1.10 Special requirements.
and knitting.
3.2 If possible, the intended end use of the item should be
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
givenonthepurchaseorderespeciallywhentheitemisordered
as the standard.
for a specific end use or uses.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
NOTE 1—Atypical ordering description is as follows: 1000 lb; stainless
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
steel,deadsoft,brightannealedwire,0.015in.diameter,spools,Type304,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ASTM Specification A478 dated ______, End Use Wire Screen.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. Chemical Composition
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
chemical composition specified in Table 1.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis
2.1 ASTM Standards:
required by this specification shall be in accordance with Test
A555/A555M Specification for General Requirements for
Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
5. Conditions
cal Analysis of Steel Products
5.1 Wire may be furnished in one of the following condi-
3. Ordering Information
tions:
5.1.1 Annealed,
3.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this 5.1.2 Bright annealed, or
5.1.3 Cold drawn.
specification. Such requirements may include, but are not
limited to, the following:
6. Mechanical Requirements
3.1.1 Quantity (weight),
3.1.2 Name of material (stainless steel),
6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to
3.1.3 Condition (see Section 5),
mechanical properties specified in Table 2.
3.1.4 Finish (see Section 7),
7. Finish
3.1.5 Cross section (round),
3.1.6 Form (wire),
7.1 The types of finish procurable are as follows:
7.1.1 Pickled finish and
7.1.2 Bright finish.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.17 on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel.
8. General Requirements for Delivery
Current edition approved March 1, 2019. Published March 2019. Originally
8.1 In addition to the requirements of this specification, all
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as A478 – 97 (2013).
DOI: 10.1520/A0478-19.
requirements of the current edition of Specification A555/
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
A555M shall apply. Failure to comply with the general
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
requirements of Specification A555/A555M constitutes non-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. conformance with this specification.
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