ASTM D3045-92(2010)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
Standard Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The use of this practice presupposes that the failure criteria selected to evaluate materials (that is, the property or properties being measured as a function of exposure time) and the duration of the exposure can be shown to relate to the intended use of the materials.
Plastic materials exposed to heat may be subject to many types of physical and chemical changes. The severity of the exposures in both time and temperature determines the extent and type of change that takes place. A plastic material is not necessarily degraded by exposure to elevated temperatures, but may be unchanged or improved. However, extended periods of exposure of plastics to elevated temperatures will generally cause some degradation, with progressive change in physical properties.
Generally, short exposures at elevated temperatures may drive out volatiles such as moisture, solvents, or plasticizers, relieve molding stresses, advance the cure of thermosets, and may cause some change in color of the plastic or coloring agent, or both. Normally, additional shrinkage should be expected with loss of volatiles or advance in polymerization.
Some plastic materials may become brittle due to loss of plasticizers after exposure at elevated temperatures. Other types of plastics may become soft and sticky, either due to sorption of volatilized plasticizer or due to breakdown of the polymer.
The degree of change observed will depend on the property measured. Different properties, mechanical or electrical, may not change at the same rate. For instance, the arc resistance of thermosetting compounds improves up to the carbonization point of the material. Mechanical properties, such as flexural properties, are sensitive to heat degradation and may change at a more rapid rate. Ultimate properties such as strength or elongation are more sensitive to degradation than bulk properties such as modulus, in most cases.
Effects of exposure may be quite variable, especially when specimens are exposed for lo...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to define the exposure conditions for testing the resistance of plastics to oxidation or other degradation when exposed solely to hot air for extended periods of time. Only the procedure for heat exposure is specified, not the test method or specimen. The effect of heat on any particular property may be determined by selection of the appropriate test method and specimen.
1.2 This practice should be used as a guide to compare thermal aging characteristics of materials as measured by the change in some property of interest. This practice recommends procedures for comparing the thermal aging characteristics of materials at a single temperature. Recommended procedures for determining the thermal aging characteristics of a material at a series of temperatures for the purpose of estimating time to a defined property change at some lower temperature are also described.
1.3 This practice does not predict thermal aging characteristics where interactions between stress, environment, temperature, and time control failure occurs.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—ISO-2578 is considered to be technically equivalent to this practice.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3045 − 92 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Practice for
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Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3045; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D1870Practice for Elevated Temperature Aging Using a
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Tubular Oven (Withdrawn 1998)
1.1 This practice is intended to define the exposure condi-
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D1898Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
tions for testing the resistance of plastics to oxidation or other
E145Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
degradation when exposed solely to hot air for extended
Ventilation Ovens
periods of time. Only the procedure for heat exposure is
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
specified, not the test method or specimen. The effect of heat
2.2 ISO Standard:
on any particular property may be determined by selection of
ISO 2578(1974) Determination of Time-Temperature Lim-
the appropriate test method and specimen.
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its After Exposure to Prolonged Action of Heat
1.2 This practice should be used as a guide to compare
thermal aging characteristics of materials as measured by the
3. Terminology
changeinsomepropertyofinterest.Thispracticerecommends
3.1 The terminology given in Terminology D883 and Ter-
procedures for comparing the thermal aging characteristics of
minology E456 is applicable to this practice.
materials at a single temperature. Recommended procedures
for determining the thermal aging characteristics of a material
4. Significance and Use
ataseriesoftemperaturesforthepurposeofestimatingtimeto
4.1 The use of this practice presupposes that the failure
a defined property change at some lower temperature are also
criteria selected to evaluate materials (that is, the property or
described.
properties being measured as a function of exposure time) and
1.3 This practice does not predict thermal aging character-
the duration of the exposure can be shown to relate to the
istics where interactions between stress, environment,
intended use of the materials.
temperature, and time control failure occurs.
4.2 Plastic materials exposed to heat may be subject to
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
many types of physical and chemical changes. The severity of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the exposures in both time and temperature determines the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
extentandtypeofchangethattakesplace.Aplasticmaterialis
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
notnecessarilydegradedbyexposuretoelevatedtemperatures,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
but may be unchanged or improved. However, extended
periods of exposure of plastics to elevated temperatures will
NOTE 1—ISO-2578 is considered to be technically equivalent to this
practice. generally cause some degradation, with progressive change in
physical properties.
2. Referenced Documents
4.3 Generally,shortexposuresatelevatedtemperaturesmay
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
drive out volatiles such as moisture, solvents, or plasticizers,
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
relieve molding stresses, advance the cure of thermosets, and
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
may cause some change in color of the plastic or coloring
agent, or both. Normally, additional shrinkage should be
expected with loss of volatiles or advance in polymerization.
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ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsand
4.4 Someplasticmaterialsmaybecomebrittleduetolossof
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics.
plasticizers after exposure at elevated temperatures. Other
Current edition approved March 15, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D3045–92(2003).
DOI: 10.1520/D3045-92R10.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
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D3045 − 92 (2010)
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