ASTM E2916-19e1

Standard Terminology for Digital and Multimedia Evidence Examination

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This terminology includes general as well as discipline-specific definitions as they apply across the spectrum of image analysis, computer forensics, video analysis, forensic audio, and facial identification.
SCOPE
1.1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding definitions used in the examination of digital and multimedia evidence to include the areas of computer forensics, image analysis, video analysis, forensic audio, and facial identification.  
1.2 Legal or scientific terms that generally are understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources may not be included.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2019
• ICS: 01.040.11 - Health care technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 01.040.35 - Information technology (Vocabularies)
• Technical Committee: E30 - Forensic Sciences
• Drafting Committee: E30.12 - Digital and Multimedia Evidence

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E2916 − 19 An American National Standard
Standard Terminology for
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Digital and Multimedia Evidence Examination
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2916; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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ε NOTE—Format correction was editorially applied to the definition of ‘resolution’ in April 2019.
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1. Scope 2.3 ISO Standards:
ISO/IEC 10918-1:1994 Information Technology — Digital
1.1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding
Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Im-
definitions used in the examination of digital and multimedia
ages: Requirements and Guidelines
evidence to include the areas of computer forensics, image
analysis, video analysis, forensic audio, and facial identifica-
3. Significance and Use
tion.
3.1 This terminology includes general as well as discipline-
1.2 Legalorscientifictermsthatgenerallyareunderstoodor
specific definitions as they apply across the spectrum of image
defined adequately in other readily available sources may not
analysis, computer forensics, video analysis, forensic audio,
be included.
and facial identification.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Terminology: Terms and Definitions
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 Definitions:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
achievable resolution, resolving power, n—the measure of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
imaging system’s practical limit to distinguish between
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
separate adjacent elements, typically by imaging a known
2. Referenced Documents
reference standard.
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2.1 ANSI/NIST Standards:
acquisition, n—in computer forensics, the process of using an
ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2011 Data Format for the Interchange of
access interface to read digital data from a digital source and
Fingerprint, Facial, and Other Biometric Information
to create a destination object.
NIST SP 800-86 Guide to Integrating Forensic Techniques
ad hoc image, n—see uncontrolled image.
into Incident Response
NIST SP 800-88 Guidelines for Media Sanitization
allocated space, allocated storage, n—in computer forensics,
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2.2 IEEE Standards:
the portions of storage that are assigned or reserved for
IEEE 100-2000 The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Stan-
active instructions or for data.
dards Terms, 7th Edition
IEEE 100-2000, (C) 610.10-1994w
anthropometric analysis, n—in facial identification,anex-
plicit measurement of landmarks on a face and a comparison
of these measurements between two samples.
anti-forensics, n—the application of a process to modify,
conceal or destroy information to inhibit or prevent the
effectiveness of forensic science examinations.
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on
archive image, n—in computer forensics,a bit stream dupli-
Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.12 on
cate of data placed on media that is suitable for long-term
Digital and Multimedia Evidence.
storage.
Current edition approved March 1, 2019. Published March 2019. Originally
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as E2916 – 18. DOI:
10.1520/E2916-19E01.
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Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
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Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
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Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
445 Hoes Ln., Piscataway, NJ 08854, http://www.ieee.org. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2916 − 19
artifact, n—a by-product, artificial feature, or change resulting capture, v—to record data, such as an image, video sequence,
from human activity or a technical process. (Compare audiostream,orbiometricsampletodigitalstorage,oftenby
noise.) means of a sensor.
DISCUSSION—Examples include speckles in a scanned picture,
capture card, frame grabber, n—a piece of computer hard-
“blocking” in compressed images, distortion in over-saturated audio,
ware that accepts an analog or digital signal and output
...