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ASTM D93-02a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 to 360oC by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus.
Note 1—Flash point determination as above 250oC can be performed, however, the precisions have not been determined above this temperature. For residual fuels, precisions have not been determined for flash points above 100oC.
1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, kerosene, heating oil, turbine fuels), new lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B.
1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A.
Note 2--Liquids having kinematic viscosities less than 5.5 mm 2/s (cSt) at 40oC (104oF), do not contain suspended solids, or do not have a tendency to form a surface film while under test conditions, can be tested in accordance with Test Method D56.
1.4 This test method is applicable for the detection of contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable materials with volatile or flammable materials.
1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 9.3, 9.4, 11.1.2, 11.1.4, and 12.1.2

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-2002
ICS
13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.08 - Volatility
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D93-02 - Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D93-06 - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6074-15(2022) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4625-21 - Standard Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM F718-22 - Standard Specification for Shipbuilders and Marine Paints and Coatings Product/Procedure Data Sheet
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8125-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Re-Refined Engine Oil Bottoms (REOB)/Vacuum Tower Asphalt Extender (VTAE)
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8048-21ae1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-13 Diesel Engine
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D5966-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel Engine
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8085-17 - Standard Specification for Non-Aqueous Engine Coolant for Automobile and Light-Duty Service
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM E502-21a - Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8175-18 - Standard Test Method for Finite Flash Point Determination of Liquid Wastes by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D92-18 - Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7468-22 - Standard Test Method for Cummins ISM Test
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7665-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D6681-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002

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ASTM D93-02a - Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterASTM D93-02a - Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
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ASTM D93-02a - Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 93 – 02a
Designation: 34/99
Standard Test Methods for
1
Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD 93;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This flash point test method is a dynamic test method and depends on definite rates of temperature
increases to control the precision of the test method. The rate of heating may not in all cases give the
precision quoted in the test method because of the low thermal conductivity of certain materials. To
improve the prediction of flammability, Test Method D 3941, an equilibrium method, was developed
in which the heating rate is slower. This allows the vapor above the test specimen and the test
specimen to be at about the same temperature. If your specification requiresTest Method D 93, do not
substitute Test Method D 3941 or any other test method without obtaining comparative data and
agreement from the specifier.
Flash point values are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and
the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standard
test method, and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different
test methods, or with test apparatus different from that specified.
1. Scope * 1.4 These test methods is applicable for the detection of
contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable ma-
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flash
terials with volatile or flammable materials.
point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40
1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the
to 360°C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus.
information only.
NOTE 1—Flash point determination as above 250°C can be performed,
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
however, the precisions have not been determined above this temperature.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
For residual fuels, precisions have not been determined for flash points
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
above 100°C.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel,
bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Forspecifichazards
kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuels), new lubricating oils, and
statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 9.3, 9.4, 11.1.2, 11.1.4, and 12.1.2.
otherhomogeneouspetroleumliquidsnotincludedinthescope
of Procedure B.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback
2.1 ASTM Standards:
residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids
D 56 Test Methods for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup
with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film
2
Tester
under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kine-
D 3941 Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium
matic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the
3
Method with a Closed-Cup Apparatus
stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A.
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling for Petroleum and
4
Petroleum Products
1
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejointjurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD02on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
tee D02.08 on Volatility. In the IP, these test methods are under the jurisdiction of
2
the Standardization Committee. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published March 2003. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
4
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 93–02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D93–02a
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and 5. Significance and Use
4
Petroleum Products
5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the
5
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture
6
E 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one
E 502 Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Stan-
of a
...

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Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.  
5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable  and combustible  materials. One should consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications.  
5.3 These test methods should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of these test methods may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
5.4 These test methods provide the only closed cup flash point test procedures for temperatures up to 370 °C (698 °F).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 °C to 370 °C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus, and the determination of the flash point of biodiesel in the temperature range of 60 °C to 190 °C by an automated Pensky-Martens closed cup apparatus.
Note 1: Flash point determinations above 250 °C can be performed, however, the precision has not been determined above this temperature. For residual fuels, precision has not been determined for flash points above 100 °C. The precision of in-use lubricating oils has not been determined. Some specifications state a D93 minimum flash point below 40 °C, however, the precision has not been determined below this temperature.  
1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, biodiesel blends, kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuels), new and in-use lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B or Procedure C.  
1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A.  
1.4 Procedure C is applicable to biodiesel (B100). Since a flash point of residual alcohol in biodiesel is difficult to observe by manual flash point techniques, automated apparatus with electronic flash point detection have been found suitable.  
1.5 These test methods are applicable for the detection of contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable materials with volatile or flammable materials.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.6.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 2: It has been common practice in flash point standards for many decades to alternately use a C-scale or an F-scale thermometer for temperature measurement. Although the scales are close in increments, they are not equivalent. Because the F-scale thermometer used in this procedure is graduated in 5 °F increments, it is not possible to read it to the 2 °C equivalent increment of 3.6 °F. Therefore, for the purposes of application of the procedure of the test method for the separate temperature scale thermometers, different increments must be used. In this test method, the following protocol has been adopted: When a temperature is intended to be a converted equivalent, it will appear in parentheses following the SI unit, for example 370 °C (698 °F). When a temperature is inte...

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5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.  
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 °C to 370 °C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus, and the determination of the flash point of biodiesel in the temperature range of 60 °C to 190 °C by an automated Pensky-Martens closed cup apparatus.
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1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, biodiesel blends, kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuels), new and in-use lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B or Procedure C.  
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1.5 These test methods are applicable for the detection of contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable materials with volatile or flammable materials.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
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Standard Specification for Nickel Alloy Billets and Bars for Reforging

ABSTRACT
This specification covers UNS N06002, UNS N06030, UNS N06035, UNS N06022, UNS N06200, UNS N06230, UNS N06600, UNS N06617, UNS N06625, UNS N08020, UNS N08026, UNS N08024, UNS N08120, UNS N08926, UNS N08367, UNS N10242, UNS N10276, UNS N10665, UNS N10675, UNS N12160, UNS R20033, UNS N06059, UNS N06686, UNS N10629, UNS N08031, UNS N06045, UNS N06025, and UNS R30556 nickel alloy billets and bars for reforging. The products shall be hot worked from ingots by rolling, forging, extruding, hammering, or pressing. The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed by the reference material. The chemical composition of the material shall be determined by chemical analysis in accordance with test method E1473.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers UNS N06002, UNS N06030, UNS N06035, UNS N06022, UNS N06200, UNS N10362, UNS N06230, UNS N06600, UNS N06617, UNS N06625, UNS N08020, UNS N08026, UNS N08024, UNS N08120, UNS N08926, UNS N08367, UNS N10242, UNS N10276, UNS N10665, UNS N10675, UNS N12160, UNS R20033, UNS N06059, UNS N06686, UNS N10629, UNS N08031, UNS N06045, UNS N06025, UNS N06699, and UNS R305562 billets and bars for reforging.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
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  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off