ASTM D6007-02(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concentration in Air from Wood Products Using a Small Scale Chamber
Standard Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concentration in Air from Wood Products Using a Small Scale Chamber
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Limitations on formaldehyde levels have been established for wood panel building products made with urea-formaldehyde adhesives and permanently installed in homes or used as components in kitchen cabinets and similar industrial products. This test method is intended for use in conjunction with the test method referenced by HUD 24 for manufactured housing and by Minnesota Statutes for housing units and building materials. This test method provides a means of testing smaller samples and reduces the time required for testing.
Formaldehyde concentration levels obtained by this small-scale method may differ from expected in full-scale indoor environments. Variations in product loading, temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange will affect formaldehyde emission rates and thus likely indoor air formaldehyde concentrations.
This test method requires the use of a chamber of 0.02 to 1 m3 in volume to evaluate the formaldehyde concentration in air using the following controlled conditions:
Conditioning of specimens prior to testing,
Exposed surface area of the specimens in the test chamber,
Test chamber temperature and relative humidity,
The Q/A ratio, and
Air circulation within the chamber.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the formaldehyde concentrations in air from wood products under defined test conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Results obtained from this small-scale chamber test method are intended to be comparable to results obtained testing larger product samples by the large chamber test method for wood products, Test Method E 1333. The results may be correlated to values obtained from Test Method E 1333. The quantity of formaldehyde in an air sample from the small chamber is determined by a modification of NIOSH 3500 chromotropic acid test procedure. Other analytical procedures may be used to determine the quantity of formaldehyde in the air sample provided that such methods give results comparable to those obtained by using the chromotropic acid procedure. However, the test results and test report must be properly qualified and the analytical procedure employed must be accurately described.
1.2 The wood-based panel products to be tested by this test method are characteristically used for different applications and are tested at different relative amounts or loading ratios to reflect different applications. This is a test method that specifies testing at various loading ratios for different product types. However, the test results and test report must be properly qualified and must specify the make-up air flow, sample surface area, and chamber volume.
1.3 Ideal candidates for small-scale chamber testing are products relatively homogeneous in their formaldehyde release characteristics. Still, product inhomogeneities must be considered when selecting and preparing samples for small-scale chamber testing.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are the standard values. Any values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6007 − 02(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air from
Wood Products Using a Small-Scale Chamber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method measures the formaldehyde concentra-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tionsinairfromwoodproductsunderdefinedtestconditionsof
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
temperature and relative humidity. Results obtained from this
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
small-scalechambertestmethodareintendedtobecomparable
to results obtained testing larger product samples by the large
2. Referenced Documents
chamber test method for wood products, Test Method E1333.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
The results may be correlated to values obtained from Test
D3195Practice for Rotameter Calibration
Method E1333.The quantity of formaldehyde in an air sample
D5197TestMethodforDeterminationofFormaldehydeand
from the small chamber is determined by a modification of
OtherCarbonylCompoundsinAir(ActiveSamplerMeth-
NIOSH3500 chromotropic acid test procedure. Other analyti-
odology)
cal procedures may be used to determine the quantity of
D5221Test Method for Continuous Measurement of Form-
formaldehyde in the air sample provided that such methods
aldehyde in Air (Withdrawn 1997)
give results comparable to those obtained by using the chro-
E77Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
motropic acid procedure. However, the test results and test
mometers
report must be properly qualified and the analytical procedure
E220Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
employed must be accurately described.
Comparison Techniques
1.2 The wood-based panel products to be tested by this test
E337Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
method are characteristically used for different applications
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
and are tested at different relative amounts or loading ratios to
peratures)
reflectdifferentapplications.Thisisatestmethodthatspecifies
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
testing at various loading ratios for different product types.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
However, the test results and test report must be properly
E741Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single
qualified and must specify the make-up air flow, sample
Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution
surface area, and chamber volume.
E1333TestMethodforDeterminingFormaldehydeConcen-
1.3 Ideal candidates for small-scale chamber testing are
trations in Air and Emission Rates from Wood Products
productsrelativelyhomogeneousintheirformaldehyderelease
Using a Large Chamber
characteristics. Still, product inhomogeneities must be consid-
2.2 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
ered when selecting and preparing samples for small-scale
Standard:
chamber testing.
HUD24CFR 3280, Manufactured Home Construction and
Safety Standards
1.4 The values stated in SI units are the standard values.
Any values given in parentheses are for information only.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D07 on Wood contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D6007–02. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D6007-02R08. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6007 − 02(Reapproved 2008)
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov; request Federal Register, Vol 49, No. 155, Aug. 8, 1984
D6007 − 02 (2008)
2.3 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health with the test method referenced by HUD24 for manufactured
Standard: housing and by MinnesotaStatutes for housing units and
NIOSH3500Formaldehyde Method building materials. This test method provides a means of
testing smaller samples and reduces the time required for
2.4 Other Documents:
testing.
Minnesota Statutes Sections 144.495, 325f.18, and
325F.181—Formaldehyde Gases in Building Materials
4.2 Formaldehyde concentration levels obtained by this
small-scale method may differ from expected in full-scale
3. Terminology
indoor environments. Variations in product loading,
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange will affect
3.1.1 air change rate, N (N is equal to Q/V)—the ratio of formaldehyde emission rates and thus likely indoor air form-
conditioned and filtered air that enters or is replaced in the
aldehyde concentrations.
small chamber in one hour divided by the interior volume of
4.3 This test method requires the use of a chamber of 0.02
the small chamber, air changes per hour (ACH).
to1m in volume to evaluate the formaldehyde concentration
3.1.2 equilibrium concentration, C —is that C measured
in air using the following controlled conditions:
eq s
when Q equals zero, ppm.
4.3.1 Conditioning of specimens prior to testing,
4.3.2 Exposed surface area of the specimens in the test
3.1.3 loading ratio, L—(L is equal to A/V) the total exposed
surfacearea,excludingpaneledges,oftheproductbeingtested chamber,
2 3
divided by the test chamber’s interior volume, m /m . 4.3.3 Test chamber temperature and relative humidity,
4.3.4 The Q/A ratio, and
3.1.4 make-up air flow, Q—the quantity of conditioned and
4.3.5 Air circulation within the chamber.
filtered air fed into the chamber per unit time, m /h.
3.1.5 mass transfer coeffıcient, K—a measure of the perme-
5. Interferences
ability of the emitting surface of a wood based panel product,
m/h. Kis calculated as follows: 5.1 The NIOSH3500 analytical method lists phenols as a
negative interference when present at an 8+1 excess over
Q/A C
~ !~ !
s
K 5 (1)
formaldehyde. Modifications in the analytical procedure shall
~C 2 C !
eq s
be made when relatively high phenol to formaldehyde concen-
3.1.6 N/L ratio—(N/L is equivalent to Q/A) the ratio of air 8,9
trations (8+1) are anticipated.
flow through the chamber to sample surface area, m/h, as
follows:
6. Apparatus
Q/V
6.1 Test Chamber—The interior volume of the small cham-
N/L 5 5 ~Q/V! 3 ~V/A! 5 Q/A (2)
A/V
bershallbefrom0.02to1m .Theinteriorofthetestchamber
3.1.7 Q/A ratio—the ratio of air flow through the chamber
shall be free of refrigeration coils that condense water and
(Q) to sample surface area (A), m/h.
itemssuchashumidifierswithwaterreservoirssincewaterhas
3.1.8 sample surface area, A—the total area of all sample the potential for collecting formaldehyde and thus influencing
faces exposed in the chamber, m . test results. The interior surfaces of the small chamber,
including any sample support system, shall be a nonadsorbent
3.1.9 steady state concentration, C —the interval when the
s
material. Stainless steel, aluminum, and polytetrafluoroethyl-
formaldehyde concentration is not changing with time (ex-
ene (PTFE) have been found appropriate as chamber lining
pressed in parts of formaldehyde per million parts air (ppm))
materials. All joints except for doors used for loading and
under the defined environmental test parameters.
unloading specimens should be sealed. Doors shall be self-
3.1.10 volume of closed system, V—the interior volume of
sealing.
the test chamber, m .
6.2 Make-Up Air:
4. Significance and Use
6.2.1 The make-up air shall come from a filtered dust-free
environment and contain not more than 0.02 ppm of formal-
4.1 Limitations on formaldehyde levels have been estab-
dehyde. This can be accomplished by passing make-up air
lished for wood panel building products made with urea-
through a filter bed of activated carbon, activated alumina
formaldehydeadhesivesandpermanentlyinstalledinhomesor
impregnated with potassium permanganate, or other materials
used as components in kitchen cabinets and similar industrial
capable of absorbing, or oxidizing formaldehyde.
products. This test method is intended for use in conjunction
6.2.2 Make-up air for the chamber must pass through a
calibrated air flow measuring device.
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov; request U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 1989.
6 8
AvailablefromPrintCommunications,Dept.ofAdministration,117University Hakes,D.,Johnson,G.,andMarhevka,J., Procedure for Elimination of Phenol
Ave., St. Paul, MN 55155. Interference in the Chromotropic Acid Method for Formaldehyde, American
Christensen, R. L., and Anderson, W. H., Measuring Formaldehyde Concen- Industrial HygieneAssociation,April 1984.
trations Using a Small Scale Chamber, Proceedings 23rd International Technical Bulletin No. 415, National Council of the Paper Industry forAir and
Particleboard/Composite Materials Symposium, W.S.U., 1989. Stream Improvement Inc. (NCASI), 1983.
D6007 − 02 (2008)
6.2.3 Air Circulation—Lowspeedmixingfansormulti-port 9. Sample Material Handling and Specimen Conditioning
inlet and outlet diffusers are two techniques that have been
9.1 Handling—Materials selected for testing shall be
used successfully to ensure mixing of the chamber air over all
wrapped in polyethylene plastic having a minimum thickness
sample surfaces.
of0.15mm(6mil)untilsampleconditioningisinitiated.When
6.2.4 Air Sampling Port—The exhaust flow (that is, cham-
testingwoodproductsthatarenotnewlymanufacturedsuchas
ber outlet) is normally used as the sampling point, although
after original application, installation or use, the method of
separate sampling ports in the chamber can be used. The
packaging and shipping the products for testing shall be fully
samplingsystemshallbeconstructedofamaterialtominimize
described. Information on the age and history of the product
adsorption (for example, glass, stainless steel), and the system
shall be detailed in the test report.
should be maintained at the same temperature as the test
9.2 Conditioning—Condition test specimens with a mini-
chambers.
mum distance of 0.15 m (6 in.) between each specimen for 2 h
6.3 Examples of acceptable reagents, materials, and equip-
615minatconditionsof24 63°C(75 65°F)and50 65%
ment are provided in Appendix X1.
relative humidity. The formaldehyde concentration in the air
within 0.3 m (12 in.) of where panels are conditioned shall be
7. Hazards
not more than 0.1 ppm during the conditioning period. Alter-
7.1 ChromotropicAcid Reagent Treatment—(See10.3.4and
native conditioning intervals may give better correlation, such
10.3.5.) During this hazardous operation, the operator must
as seven day conditioning that parallels Test Method E1333.
wearrubbergloves,apron,andafullfacemaskorbeprotected
10. Procedure
from splashing by a transparent shield such as a hood window.
Thesolutionbecomesextremelyhotduringadditionofsulfuric 10.1 Test Procedure for Materials:
acid. If acid is not added slowly, some loss of sample could
10.1.1 Purge the chamber by running empty or with the use
occur due to splattering.
of filters designed to reduce the formaldehyde background
concentration in air, or both. The formaldehyde background
7.2 Cleaning Chemicals for Glassware—Use appropriate
concentration in air of the empty operating chamber shall not
precautions if cleaning chemicals are considered to be hazard-
exceed 0.02 ppm. Clean chamber surfaces with water or
ous.
suitable solvent if formaldehyde background concentrations
approach 0.02 ppm.
8. Test Specimens
10.1.2 Locate the specimens in the chamber so that the
8.1 Standard Face and Back Configuration—Loading (L or
conditioned air stream circulates over all panel surfaces.
A/V) is defined as the total exposed specimen surface area,
10.1.3 Operate the chamber at 25 6 1°C (776 2°F) and 50
excluding edge area, divided by the chamber volume. Alumi-
6 4% relative humidity. Record the temperature, relative
num tape shall be used to cover the edges of the specimens if
humidity, and barometric pressure during the testing period.
the edge exposure is greater than 5% of the surface area,
Conduct the chamber test at a given Q/A ratio and record this
thereby retarding formaldehyde emission from the edge. The
ratio in the report.
Q/A ratios in Table 1 are used for testing wood panel products
10.1.4 Specimens remain in the operating chamber until a
containing formaldehyde. Each small chamber will have a
steady state formaldehyde concentration is reached. The time
unique value for the make-up air flow (Q) dependent on the
may be estimated using the following equation:
sample surface area used, and the type of product tested.
2ln ~1 2 C /C !V
t s
8.2 Nonstandard Sample Configuration Testing Products
t 5 (3)
Q1KA
with Single Surface Exposed—Some products have signifi-
cantly different formaldehyde release characteristics for each where:
surface.Inthosecases,panelsmaybetestedback-to-backwith
t = time to any percent of C less than 100% (such as
s
edges taped together.The panels shall be identified as tested in
99.9999999999, and so forth),
the back-to-back mode.
C = concentration at time, t,
t
C = steady state formaldehyde concentration,
s
8.3 Combination Testing—Different products may be tested
A = product surface area, m ,
in combination. Qualify the test report and note the Q/A ratio
V = chamber volume, m ,
used.
K = mass transfer coefficient, m/h, and
−ln = negative natural log.
It is necessary to know the range of K for the product
TABLE 1 Q/A Ratios, ±2 %
involved. If K is unknown, a conservative estimate based on
Test Method
theliteraturemaybeused. Alternatively,backtobackairtests
E1333 N/L or Q/A (m/h) Product Type
2 3
L(m /m )
givingreplicatevalueswithintheerroroftheanalyticalmethod
0.95 0.526 hardwood plywood wall paneling
may be used.
0.43 1.173 partic
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6007–96 Designation:D6007–02(Reapproved2008)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air from
Wood Products Using a Small-Scale Chamber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method measures the formaldehyde concentrations in air from wood products under defined test conditions of
temperature and relative humidity. Results obtained from this small-scale chamber test method are intended to be comparable to
results obtained testing larger product samples by the large chamber test method for wood products, Test Method E1333. The
results may be correlated to values obtained from Test Method E1333. The quantity of formaldehyde in an air sample from the
small chamber is determined by a modification of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 3500 . The
quantity of formaldehyde in an air sample from the small chamber is determined by a modification of NIOSH3500 chromotropic
acidtestprocedure.Otheranalyticalproceduresmaybeusedtodeterminethequantityofformaldehydeintheairsampleprovided
that such methods give results comparable to those obtained by using the chromotropic acid procedure. However, the test results
and test report must be properly qualified and the analytical procedure employed must be accurately described.
1.2 Thewood-basedpanelproductstobetestedbythistestmethodarecharacteristicallyusedfordifferentapplicationsandare
tested at different relative amounts or loading ratios to reflect different applications. This is a test method that specifies testing at
various loading ratios for different product types. However, the test results and test report must be properly qualified and must
specify the make-up air flow, sample surface area, and chamber volume.
1.3 Ideal candidates for small-scale chamber testing are products relatively homogeneous in their formaldehyde release
characteristics. Still, product inhomogeneities must be considered when selecting and preparing samples for small-scale chamber
testing.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are the standard values. Any values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3195 Practice for Rotameter Calibration
D5197 Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyl Compounds in Air (Active Sampler Methodol-
ogy)
D5221 Test Method for Continuous Measurement of Formaldehyde in Air
E77 Test MethodsMethod for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
E220Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by Comparison Techniques 220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermo-
couples By Comparison Techniques
E337Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet-Bulb and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)
337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E741 Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution
E1333 Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air and Emission Rates from Wood Products Under
Defined Test Conditions Using a Large Chamber
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-7 on Wood and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1996. Published November 1996.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6007–02.
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 11.03.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6007–02 (2008)
2.2 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Standards: Standard:
HUD24 CFR 3280, Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards
2.3 NIOSH Standard: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Standard:
3500NIOSH3500 Formaldehyde Method
2.4 Other Documents:
MinnesotaStatutesSection144.495,325f.18,and325F.181FormaldehydeGasesinBuildingMaterialsMinnesotaStatutes Sec-
tions 144.495, 325f.18, and 325F.181—Formaldehyde Gases in Building Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 air change rate, N (N is equal to Q/V)—the ratio of conditioned and filtered air that enters or is replaced in the small
chamber in one hour divided by the interior volume of the small chamber, air changes per hour (ACH).
3.1.2 equilibrium concentration, C —is that C measured when Q equals zero, ppm.
eq s
3.1.3 loading ratio, L—(L is equal to A/V) the total exposed surface area, excluding panel edges, of the product being tested
2 3
divided by the test chamber’s interior volume, m /m .
3.1.4 make-up air flow, Q—the quantity of conditioned and filtered air fed into the chamber per unit time, m /h.
3.1.5 mass transfer coeffıcient, K—a measure of the permeability of the emitting surface of a wood based panel product, m/h.
Kis calculated as follows:
~Q/A!~C !
s
K 5 (1)
C 2 C !
~
eq s
3.1.6 N/L ratio—(N/L is equivalent to Q/A) the ratio of air flow through the chamber to sample surface area, m/h, as follows:
Q/V
N/L 5 5 Q/V! 3 V/A! 5 Q/A (2)
~ ~
A/V
3.1.7 Q/A ratio—the ratio of air flow through the chamber (Q) to sample surface area ( A), m/h.
3.1.8 sample surface area, A—the total area of all sample faces exposed in the chamber, m .
3.1.9 steady state concentration, C —the interval when the formaldehyde concentration is not changing with time (expressed
s
in parts of formaldehyde per million parts air (ppm)) under the defined environmental test parameters.
3.1.10 volume of closed system, V—the interior volume of the test chamber, m .
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Limitations on formaldehyde levels have been established for wood panel building products made with urea-formaldehyde
adhesives and permanently installed in homes or used as components in kitchen cabinets and similar industrial products.This test
method is intended for use in conjunction with the test method referenced by HUD Rules and Regulations 24HUD24 CFR 3280
for manufactured housing and by Minnesota Statutes Section 144.495MinnesotaStatutes for housing units and building materials.
This test method provides a means of testing smaller samples and reduces the time required for testing.
4.2 Formaldehyde concentration levels obtained by this small-scale method may differ from expected in full-scale indoor
environments. Variations in product loading, temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange will affect formaldehyde emission
rates and thus likely indoor air formaldehyde concentrations.
4.3 This test method requires the use of a chamber of 0.02 to 1 m in volume to evaluate the formaldehyde concentration in air
using the following controlled conditions:
4.3.1 Conditioning of specimens prior to testing,
4.3.2 Exposed surface area of the specimens in the test chamber,
4.3.3 Test chamber temperature and relative humidity,
4.3.4 The Q/A ratio, and
4.3.5 Air circulation within the chamber.
5. Interferences
5.1 The NIOSH3500 analytical method lists phenols as a negative interference when present at an 8:18+1 excess over
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov; request Federal Register, Vol 49, No. 155, Aug. 8, 1984
Federal Register, Vol 49, No. 155, Aug. 8, 1984, available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov; request U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 1989.
U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 1989, available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Available from Print Communications, Dept. of Administration, 117 University Ave., St. Paul, MN 55155.
Available from Print Communications, Dept. of Administration, 117 University Ave., St. Paul, MN 55155.
Christensen, R. L., and Anderson, W. H., Measuring Formaldehyde Concentrations Using a Small Scale Chamber, Proceedings 23rd International Particleboard/
Composite Materials Symposium, W.S.U., 1989.
D6007–02 (2008)
formaldehyde.Modificationsintheanalyticalprocedureshallbemadewhenrelativelyhighphenoltoformaldehydeconcentrations
8,9
(8:1)(8+1) are anticipated.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Test Chamber—The interior volume of the small chamber shall be from 0.02 to 1 m .The interior of the test chamber shall
be free of refrigeration coils that condense water and items such as humidifiers with water reservoirs since water has the potential
for collecting formaldehyde and thus influencing test results. The interior surfaces of the small chamber, including any sample
support system, shall be a nonadsorbent material. Stainless steel, aluminum, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have been found
appropriate as chamber lining materials. All joints except for doors used for loading and unloading specimens should be sealed.
Doors shall be self-sealing.
6.2 Make-Up Air:
6.2.1 The make-up air shall come from a filtered dust-free environment and contain not more than 0.02 ppm of formaldehyde.
This can be accomplished by passing make-up air through a filter bed of activated carbon, activated alumina impregnated with
potassium permanganate, or other materials capable of absorbing, or oxidizing formaldehyde.
6.2.2 Make-up air for the chamber must pass through a calibrated air flow measuring device.
6.2.3 Air Circulation—Low speed mixing fans or multi-port inlet and outlet diffusers are two techniques that have been used
successfully to ensure mixing of the chamber air over all sample surfaces.
6.2.4 Air Sampling Port—The exhaust flow (that is, chamber outlet) is normally used as the sampling point, although separate
sampling ports in the chamber can be used. The sampling system shall be constructed of a material to minimize adsorption (for
example, glass, stainless steel), and the system should be maintained at the same temperature as the test chambers.
6.3 Examples of acceptable reagents, materials, and equipment are provided in Appendix X1.
7. Hazards
7.1 Chromotropic Acid Reagent Treatment—(See 10.3.4 and 10.3.5.) During this hazardous operation, the operator must wear
rubber gloves, apron, and a full face mask or be protected from splashing by a transparent shield such as a hood window. The
solution becomes extremely hot during addition of sulfuric acid. If acid is not added slowly, some loss of sample could occur due
to splattering.
7.2 Cleaning Chemicals for Glassware—Use appropriate precautions if cleaning chemicals are considered to be hazardous.
8. Test Specimens
8.1 Standard Face and Back Configuration—Loading (L or A/V) is defined as the total exposed specimen surface area,
excludingedgearea,dividedbythechambervolume.Aluminumtapeshallbeusedtocovertheedgesofthespecimensiftheedge
exposure is greater than 5% of the surface area, thereby retarding formaldehyde emission from the edge. The Q/A ratios in Table
1areusedfortestingwoodpanelproductscontainingformaldehyde.Eachsmallchamberwillhaveauniquevalueforthemake-up
air flow (Q) dependent on the sample surface area used, and the type of product tested.
8.2 Nonstandard Sample Configuration Testing Products with Single Surface Exposed—Some products have significantly
differentformaldehydereleasecharacteristicsforeachsurface.Inthosecases,panelsmaybetestedback-to-backwithedgestaped
together. The panels shall be identified as tested in the back-to-back mode.
8.3 Combination Testing—Differentproductsmaybetestedincombination.Qualifythetestreportandnotethe Q/Aratioused.
9. Sample Material Handling and Specimen Conditioning
9.1 Handling—Materialsselectedfortestingshallbewrappedinpolyethyleneplastichavingaminimumthicknessof0.15mm
Christensen, R. L., and Anderson, W. H., Measuring Formaldehyde Concentrations Using a Small Scale Chamber, Proceedings 23rd International Particleboard/
Composite Materials Symposium, W.S.U., 1989.
Hakes, D., Johnson, G., and Marhevka, J., Procedure for Elimination of Phenol Interference in the Chromotropic Acid Method for Formaldehyde,American Industrial
Hygiene Association, April 1984.
Hakes, D., Johnson, G., and Marhevka, J., Procedure for Elimination of Phenol Interference in the Chromotropic Acid Method for Formaldehyde,American Industrial
Hygiene Association, April 1984.
Technical Bulletin No. 415, National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement Inc. (NCASI), 1983.
TABLE 1 Q/A Ratios, 62%
Test Method
E 1333 N/L or Q/A (m/h) Product Type
2 3
L(m /m )
0.95 0.526 hardwood plywood wall paneling
0.43 1.173 particleboard flooring panels,
industrial particleboard panels,
industrial hardwood plywood panels
0.26 1.905 medium density fiberboard (MDF)
0.13 3.846 particleboard door core
D6007–02 (2008)
(6 mil) until sample conditioning is initiated. When testing wood products that are not newly manufactured such as after original
application,installationoruse,themethodofpackagingandshippingtheproductsfortestingshallbefullydescribed.Information
on the age
...
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