ASTM F1789-00a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of F16 Mechanical Fasteners
Standard Terminology of F16 Mechanical Fasteners
SCOPE
1.1This terminology standard provides a compilation of definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically. In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE J412.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: F 1789 – 00a
Standard Terminology for
1
F-16 Mechanical Fasteners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1789; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope nickel, or any other alloying element added to obtain a
desired alloying effect.
1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of
alter—to change fastener properties such as hardness, tensile
definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.
strength, surface finish, length, or other characteristics of the
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically.
fastener through such processes as heat treatment, plating,
In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.
and machining.
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME
anchor bolt—a steel rod or bar, one end of which is intended
B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE
to be cast in concrete while the opposite end is threaded and
J412.
projects from the concrete for anchoring other material to the
2. Referenced Documents concrete. The end cast in concrete may be either straight or
provided with an anchor, such as a bent hook, forged head,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or a tapped or welded attachment to resist forces imposed on
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
2
the anchor bolt as required.
of Steel Products
3
annealing—a general term applied to a variety of thermal
A 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
4
treatments applied to fasteners for the purpose of softening
E 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
or homogenizing material properties. The specific types of
2.2 ANSI/ASME Standard:
5
annealing are:
B18.12 Glossary of Terms for Mechanical Fasteners
full annealing—heating steel above the upper critical transfor-
2.3 IFI Standards:
6
mation temperature, holding it there long enough to fully
Glossary of Terms Relating to Aerospace Fasteners
transform the steel to austenite, and then cooling it at a
IFI-139 Quality Assurance Requirements for Fastener Test-
6
controlled rate, in a furnace, to below a specified tempera-
ing Laboratories
ture. A full anneal refines grain structure and provides a
IFI-140 Carbon and Alloy Steel Wire, Rods, and Bars for
6
relatively soft, ductile material that is free of internal
Mechanical Fasteners
stresses.
2.4 SAE Standard:
intercritical annealing/isothermal annealing—heating a steel
SAE J412 General Characteristics and Heat Treatments of
7
above the lower critical transformation temperature, but
Steels
below the upper-critical transformation temperature, to dis-
3. Mechanical Fastener Definitions
solve all the iron carbides, but not transform all the ferrite to
austenite. Cooling slowly from this temperature, through the
alloy steel—steel is considered to be alloy when the maximum
lower critical temperature, produces a structure of ferrite and
range given for manganese exceeds 1.65 % or a definite
pearlite that is free of internal stresses. In intercritical
minimum quantity for any of the following elements is
annealing, the steel continues to cool slowly in the furnace,
specified or required within the limits of the recognized field
similarly to full annealing. In isothermal annealing, cooling
of constructional alloy steels: chromium, molybdenum,
is stopped just below the lower critical, assuring complete
transformation to ferrite and coarse pearlite, and eliminating
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
the potential for bainite formation. The coarse pearlite
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.94 on Terminology.
structure greatly improves machinability of medium carbon
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2000. Published November 2000. Originally
published as F 1789–97. Last previous edition F 1789–00. steels.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
normalizing—a variation of full annealing in which steel is
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.08.
heated above the upper critical temperature and is then air
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
5
cooled in air, rather than in a furnace. Normalizing relieves
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
the internal stresses caused by previous working, and while
6
Available from Industrial Fasteners Institute, 1717 E. 9th Street, Suite 1105,
it produces sufficient softness and ductility for many pur-
Cleveland, OH 44114.
7 poses, it leaves the steel harder and with a higher tensile
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwelath Drive,
...
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