Name: ASTM E1815-96(2001) - Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography
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Abstract

Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the performance of film systems used for industrial radiography. This test method establishes minimum requirements that correspond to system classes.
1.2 This test method is to be used only for direct exposure-type film exposed with lead intensifying screens. The performance of films exposed with fluorescent (light-emitting) intensifying screens cannot be determined accurately by this test method.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status

Historical

Publication Date

31-Dec-2000

ICS

19.100 - Non-destructive testing

77.040.20 - Non-destructive testing of metals

Technical Committee

E07 - Nondestructive Testing

Drafting Committee

E07.01 - Radiology (X and Gamma) Method

Current Stage

Ref Project

Relations

Replaces

ASTM E1815-96 - Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography

Effective Date

01-Jan-2001

Replaced By

ASTM E1815-06 - Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography

Effective Date

01-Feb-2006

Referred By

ASTM E2903-18 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Effective Focal Spot Size of Mini and Micro Focus X-ray Tubes

Effective Date

01-Jan-2001

Referred By

ASTM E94/E94M-22 - Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic Film

Effective Date

01-Jan-2001

Referred By

ASTM E999-20 - Standard Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Radiographic Film Processing

Effective Date

01-Jan-2001

Referred By

ASTM E2982-21 - Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Thin-Walled Metallic Liners in Filament-Wound Pressure Vessels Used in Aerospace Applications

Effective Date

01-Jan-2001

Referred By

ASTM E1161-21 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Semiconductors and Electronic Components

Effective Date

01-Jan-2001

Referred By

ASTM E1030/E1030M-21 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings

Effective Date

01-Jan-2001

Referred By

ASTM E1742/E1742M-18 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination

Effective Date

01-Jan-2001

Referred By

ASTM E2446-23 - Standard Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Computed Radiography Systems

Effective Date

01-Jan-2001

Referred By

ASTM E2104-22 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Advanced Aero and Turbine Materials and Components

Effective Date

01-Jan-2001

Referred By

ASTM E1165-20 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Focal Spots of Industrial X-Ray Tubes by Pinhole Imaging

Effective Date

01-Jan-2001

Referred By

ASTM E592-20 - Standard Guide to Obtainable ASTM Equivalent Penetrameter Sensitivity for Film Radiography of Steel Plates <fraction><num>1</num><den>4 </den> </fraction> to 2 in. (6 to 51 mm) Thick with X-Rays and 1 to 6 in. (25 to 152 mm) Thick with <brk/>Cobalt-60

Effective Date

01-Jan-2001

Referred By

ASTM E2533-21 - Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Polymer Matrix Composites Used in Aerospace Applications

Effective Date

01-Jan-2001

Referred By

ASTM E2002-22 - Standard Practice for Determining Image Unsharpness and Basic Spatial Resolution in Radiography and Radioscopy

Effective Date

01-Jan-2001

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ASTM E1815-96(2001) - Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography

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ASTM E1815-96(2001) - Standard...

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 1815 – 96 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
1
Classiﬁcation of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation E1815; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ISO 5-2 Photography Density Measurements—Part 2: Geo-
metric Conditions for Transmission Density
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination
ISO 5-3 Photography Density Measurements—Part 3:
of the performance of ﬁlm systems used for industrial radiog-
Spectral Conditions
raphy.Thistestmethodestablishesminimumrequirementsthat
ISO 7004 Photography—Industrial Radiographic Film, De-
correspond to system classes.
termination of ISO Speed and Average Gradient When
1.2 This test method is to be used only for direct exposure-
Exposed to X and Gamma Radiation
type ﬁlm exposed with lead intensifying screens. The perfor-
mance of ﬁlms exposed with ﬂuorescent (light-emitting) inten-
3. Terminology
sifying screens cannot be determined accurately by this test
3.1 Deﬁnitions—For deﬁnitions of terms used in this test
method.
method, refer to Terminology E1316.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.2.1 ﬁlm system—the ﬁlm and associated ﬁlm-processing
only.
requirements according to the criteria established by the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
manufacturers of the ﬁlm and processing chemicals.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 gradient G—the slope of the characteristic curve at a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
certain density, D, and a measure of the contrast of the ﬁlm
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
system.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.3 granularity, s —the stochastic density ﬂuctuations in
D
2. Referenced Documents the radiograph that are superimposed to the object image.
3.2.4 ISO speed S—determinedbythedose K ,measuredin
s
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 gray at a speciﬁed optical density, D, in the radiograph.
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
E999 Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Ra-
4. Signiﬁcance and Use
2
diographic Film Processing
4.1 This test method provides a relative means for classiﬁ-
E1079 Practice for Calibration of Transmission Densitom-
2 cationofﬁlmsystemsusedforindustrialradiography.Theﬁlm
eters
2 system consists of the ﬁlm and associated processing system
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
3 (the type of processing and processing chemistry). Section 6
2.2 ANSI Standards:
describes speciﬁc parameters used for this test method. In
PH 2.18 Photography (Sensitometry)—Density Measure-
general, the classiﬁcation for hard X rays, as described in
ments, Spectral Conditions
Section 6, can be transferred to other radiation energies and
PH2.19 PhotographyDensityMeasurements—Part2:Geo-
metallic screen types, as well as screens without ﬁlms. The
metric Conditions for Transmission Density
usage of ﬁlm system parameters outside the energy ranges
PH 2.40 Root Mean Square (rms) Granularity of Film
speciﬁed may result in changes to a ﬁlm/system performance
(Images on One Side Only) Method of Measuring
3 classiﬁcation.
2.3 ISO Standards:
4.1.1 The ﬁlm performance is described by signal and noise
parameters.Thesignalisrepresentedbygradientandthenoise
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on by granularity.
Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on
4.1.2 Aﬁlm is assigned a particular class if it meets all four
Radiology (X and Gamma) Method.
of the minimum performance parameters: for Gradient G at D
Current edition approved May 10, 1996. Published July 1996.
2
=2.0 and D =4.0, granularity s at D=2.0, and gradient/
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03. D
3
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th noise ratio at D=2.0.
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E 1815 – 96 (2001)
4.2 This test method describes how the parameters shall be pressure cassettes may be used to ensure sufficient contact
measured and demonstrates how a classiﬁcation table can be between the ﬁlm and screen.
constructed. 6.2 X-ray Spectral Quality:
4.3 Manufacturers of industrial radiographic ﬁlm systems 6.2.1 Use the same X-ray sp
...

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Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a relative means for classification of film systems used for industrial radiography. The film system consists of the film and associated processing system (the type of processing and processing chemistry). Section 9 describes specific parameters used for this test method. In general, the classification for hard X-rays, as described in Section 9, can be transferred to other radiation energies and metallic screen types, as well as screens without films. The usage of film system parameters outside the energy ranges specified may result in changes to a film/system performance classification.
4.1.1 The film performance is described by contrast and noise parameters. The contrast is represented by gradient and the noise by granularity.
4.1.2 A film system is assigned a particular class if it meets the minimum performance parameters: for Gradient G at  D – D0 = 2.0 and D – D0 = 4.0, and gradient/noise ratio at D – D0 = 2.0, and the maximum performance parameter: granularity σD at  D = 2.0.
4.2 This test method describes how the parameters shall be measured and demonstrates how a classification table can be constructed.
4.3 Manufacturers of industrial radiographic film systems and developer chemistry will be the users of this test method. The result is a classification table as shown by the example given in Table 2. Another table also includes speed data for user information. Users of industrial radiographic film systems may also perform the tests and measurements outlined in this test method, provided that the required test equipment is used and the methodology is followed strictly. (A) Family of films ranging in speed and image quality.
4.4 The publication of classes for industrial radiography film systems will enable specifying bodies and contracting parties to agree to particular system classes, which are capable of providing known image qualities. See 8.2.
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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the performance of film systems used for industrial radiography. This test method establishes minimum requirements that correspond to system classes.
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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5.1 The use of RQIs is a significant departure from normal practice in industrial radiology because it is not a standard design and is dependent on the application, material, and process and therefore cannot be a simple plaque or wire. The use of an RQI provides documented evidence that radiologic images have the level of quality necessary to reveal those nonconformances for which the parts are being examined by ensuring adequate spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity in the areas of interest.
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FIG. 1 Refraction
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FIG. 2 Mode of Vibration
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SCOPE
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4.1 Eddy-current probes may be used for the nondestructive examination of parts or structures made of electrically conducting materials. Many of these examinations are intended to discover material defects, such as cracks, that may cause the part or structure to be unsafe or unfit for service. Eddy-current probes that fail to meet the performance level requirements of this practice shall not be used for the examination of material or hardware unless the probe is qualified by some other system or an agreement has been reached by the probe manufacturer and the purchaser, or both.
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SCOPE
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1.3.1 DoD contracts.
1.3.2 Personnel qualification, 5.1.1.
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1.3.4 Digitizing techniques, 5.4.5.
1.3.5 Alternate image quality indicator (IQI) types, 5.5.3.
1.3.6 Examination sequence, 6.6.
1.3.7 Non-film techniques, 6.7.
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1.3.12 Examination coverage for welds, A2.2.2.
1.3.13 Electron beam welds, A2.3.
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1.3.15 Responsibility for examination, 6.27.1.
1.3.16 Examination report, 6.27.2.
1.3.17 Retention of radiographs, 6.27.8.
1.3.18 Storage of radiographs, 6.27.9.
1.3.19 Reproduction of radiographs, 6.27.10 and 6.27.10.1.
1.3.20 Acceptable parts, 6.28.1.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.