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ASTM D7143-17

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products

Standard Practice for Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Indoor materials/products are products or materials used for construction works or in the indoor environment. The area specific emission rates of volatile organic compounds from an indoor material/product may be used to estimate the expected contribution of emissions from that material/product to the atmosphere of a given indoor environment.  
5.2 Emission data may also be used to compare and categorize different indoor materials/products of similar function.  
5.3 Emission cell testing of area specific emissions may alternatively be used for studying secondary interactions (for example, sink effects (absorption and re-emission of volatile organics by the indoor material/product) or emissions generated by chemical degradation of the indoor material/product caused by specific atmospheric agents such as water, ozone or NOx).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended for determining volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from materials and products using emission cells. It can be applied in principle to most construction materials and many products used indoors. Objectives include:  
1.1.1 To provide manufacturers, builders, and end users with emission data useful for evaluating the impact of building products, new or old, on indoor air concentrations in a model room.  
1.1.2 To promote the development of products with lower VOC emissions.  
1.2 This practice is for identifying emitted VOCs and for determining the area specific emission rate of VOCs from newly produced building products under defined climate conditions. The method can also be applied to aged products.  
1.3 In accordance with the definition of an emission cell, it is also possible to perform nondestructive emission measurements on building products on-site in buildings. However, the procedure for such measurements is not described in this practice.  
1.4 This practice describes the design, construction, performance evaluation and use of emission cells for VOC emission testing. Sampling, transport and storage of materials to be tested, and preparation of test specimens are also described.  
1.5 Air sampling and analytical methods for the determination of VOCs are described in Practice D6196. Alternative sampling and analytical approaches for formaldehyde and other carbonyls are described in Test Method D5197.
Note 1: All volatile (vapor-phase) carbonyls except formaldehyde can be analyzed by either Practice D6196 or by Test Method D5197.
Note 2: Direct-reading instruments can also be applied for specific objectives.
Note 3: Some volatile inorganic compounds can, in principle, also be analyzed (for example, ammonia).  
1.6 An example of an emission cell is described in Appendix X2 of this practice.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
28-Feb-2017
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.05 - Indoor Air
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7143-11(2016) - Standard Practice for Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
Effective Date
01-Mar-2017
Refers
ASTM D1356-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
15-Mar-2020
Refers
ASTM D6196-15 - Standard Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling Parameters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions for Monitoring Volatile Organic Chemicals in Air
Effective Date
01-Nov-2015
Refers
ASTM D6670-18 - Standard Practice for Full-Scale Chamber Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
Effective Date
01-Sep-2018
Refers
ASTM D6330-20 - Standard Practice for Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (Excluding Formaldehyde) Emissions from Wood-Based Panels Using Small Environmental Chambers Under Defined Test Conditions
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020
Refers
ASTM D6330-98(2014) - Standard Practice for Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (Excluding Formaldehyde) Emissions from Wood-Based Panels Using Small Environmental Chambers Under Defined Test Conditions
Effective Date
01-Nov-2014
Refers
ASTM D1356-20a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Sep-2020
Refers
ASTM D1356-14b - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Dec-2014
Refers
ASTM D1356-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Refers
ASTM D1356-15a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
15-Oct-2015
Referred By
ASTM D7706-17 - Standard Practice for Rapid Screening of VOC Emissions from Products Using Micro-Scale Chambers
Effective Date
01-Mar-2017
Referred By
ASTM D7339-18 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Carpet using a Specific Sorbent Tube and Thermal Desorption / Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Mar-2017
Referred By
ASTM D8345-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of an Emission Parameter for Phthalate Esters and Other Non-Phthalate Plasticizers from Planar Polyvinyl Chloride Indoor Materials for Use in Mass Transfer Modeling Calculations
Effective Date
01-Mar-2017
Referred By
ASTM D5116-17 - Standard Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
Effective Date
01-Mar-2017
Referred By
ASTM D7911-19 - Standard Guide for Using Reference Material to Characterize Measurement Bias Associated with Volatile Organic Compound Emission Chamber Test
Effective Date
01-Mar-2017

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REDLINE ASTM D7143-17 - Standard Practice for Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/ProductsREDLINE ASTM D7143-17 - Standard Practice for Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7143 − 17
Standard Practice for
Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic
1
Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This practice complements Guide D5116 and Practice D6670.
NOTE 2—Direct-reading instruments can also be applied for specific
1. Scope
objectives.
1.1 This practice is intended for determining volatile or-
NOTE 3—Some volatile inorganic compounds can, in principle, also be
ganiccompound(VOC)emissionsfrommaterialsandproducts
analyzed (for example, ammonia).
using emission cells. It can be applied in principle to most
1.6 An example of an emission cell is described in Appen-
construction materials and many products used indoors. Ob-
dix X2 of this practice.
jectives include:
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
1.1.1 To provide manufacturers, builders, and end users
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
withemissiondatausefulforevaluatingtheimpactofbuilding
standard.
products, new or old, on indoor air concentrations in a model
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
room.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1.2 To promote the development of products with lower
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
VOC emissions.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 This practice is for identifying emitted VOCs and for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
determining the area specific emission rate of VOCs from
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
newly produced building products under defined climate con-
ditions. The method can also be applied to aged products.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 In accordance with the definition of an emission cell, it
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
is also possible to perform nondestructive emission measure-
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
ments on building products on-site in buildings. However, the
Atmospheres
procedure for such measurements is not described in this
D1914PracticeforConversionUnitsandFactorsRelatingto
practice.
Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
1.4 This practice describes the design, construction, perfor-
D5116Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-
mance evaluation and use of emission cells for VOC emission
terminationsofOrganicEmissionsfromIndoorMaterials/
testing. Sampling, transport and storage of materials to be
Products
tested, and preparation of test specimens are also described.
D5197TestMethodforDeterminationofFormaldehydeand
OtherCarbonylCompoundsinAir(ActiveSamplerMeth-
1.5 Air sampling and analytical methods for the determina-
odology)
tion of VOCs are described in Practice D6196. Alternative
D5337Practice for Flow RateAdjustment of Personal Sam-
sampling and analytical approaches for formaldehyde and
pling Pumps
other carbonyls are described in Test Method D5197.
D6196Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling Param-
NOTE1—Allvolatile(vapor-phase)carbonylsexceptformaldehydecan
be analyzed by either Practice D6196 or by Test Method D5197.
eters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions for
Monitoring Volatile Organic Chemicals in Air
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD22onAirQuality
2
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published April 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7143–11 (2016). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI:10.1520/D7143-17. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7143 − 17
D6330Practice for Determination of Volatile Organic Com- EPA-600/4-89/017U.S. EPA Compendium of Methods for
pounds(ExcludingFormaldehyde)EmissionsfromWood- Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient
5
Based Panels Using Small Environmental Chambers Un- Air. This report contains U.S, EPA Method TO-17—
der Defined Test Conditions DeterminationofVolatileOrganicCompoundsinAmbient
D6670Practice for Full-Scale Chamber
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7143 − 11 (Reapproved 2016) D7143 − 17
Standard Practice for
Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic
1
Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This practice complements Guide D5116 and Practice D6670.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice is intended for determining volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from materials and products using
emission cells. It can be applied in principle to most construction materials and many products used indoors. Objectives include:
1.1.1 To provide manufacturers, builders, and end users with emission data useful for evaluating the impact of building
products, new or old, on indoor air concentrations in a model room.
1.1.2 To promote the development of products with lower VOC emissions.
1.2 This practice is for identifying emitted VOCs and for determining the area specific emission rate of VOCs from newly
produced building products under defined climate conditions. The method can also be applied to aged products.
1.3 In accordance with the definition of an emission cell, it is also possible to perform nondestructive emission measurements
on building products on-site in buildings. However, the procedure for such measurements is not described in this standard.practice.
1.4 This practice describes the design, construction, performance evaluation and use of emission cells for VOC emission testing.
Sampling, transport and storage of materials to be tested, and preparation of test specimens are also described.
1.5 Air sampling and analytical methods for the determination of VOCs are described in Practice D6196. Alternative sampling
and analytical approaches for formaldehyde and other carbonyls are described in Test Method D5197.
NOTE 1—All volatile (vapor-phase) carbonyls except formaldehyde can be analyzed by either Practice D6196 or by Test Method D5197.
NOTE 2—Direct-reading instruments can also be applied for specific objectives.
NOTE 3—Some volatile inorganic compounds can, in principle, also be analyzed (for example, ammonia).
1.6 An example of an emission cell is described in Appendix X2 of this practice.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D1914 Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
D5197 Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyl Compounds in Air (Active Sampler Methodology)
D5337 Practice for Flow Rate Adjustment of Personal Sampling Pumps
D6196 Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling Parameters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions for Monitoring
Volatile Organic Chemicals in Air
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016March 1, 2017. Published October 2016April 2017. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
D7143 – 11.D7143 – 11 (2016). DOI:10.1520/D7143-11R16.DOI:10.1520/D7143-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7143 − 17
D6330 Practice for Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (Excluding Formaldehyde) Emissions from Wood-Based
Panels Using Small Environmental Chambers
...

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Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation of Ambient Outdoor Air Quality Sensors and Sensor-based Instruments for Portable and Fixed-point Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1914-95(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 ASTM requires the use of SI units in all its publications and their use in reporting atmospheric measurement data. However, there are historic data and even data currently reported that are based on a variety of units of measurement. This practice tabulates factors that are necessary to convert such data to SI and other units of measurement.  
3.2 IEEE/ASTM SI-10 does not list all the conversion factors commonly used in air pollution and meteorological fields. This practice supplements IEEE/ASTM SI-10.  
3.3 The values reported here were obtained from a number of standard publications. They were adjusted to five figures and organized in a rational order. All values reflect the latest information from the 16th General Conference on Weights and Measurements held in 1979.  
3.4 The factors in Table 1 are provided to change units of measurement from one system to related units in other systems, as well as to smaller or larger units in the same system.  
3.5 Values of units in the left column may be converted to values of units in the right column merely by multiplying by the conversion factor provided in the center column.  (A) For specific applications and exceptions, see Terminology D1356.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities.  
1.2 This practice is used together with IEEE/ASTM SI-10, which discusses SI units and contains selected conversion factors for inter-relation of SI units and some commonly used non-metric units.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2914-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare.  
5.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has promulgated exposure limits for sulfur dioxide in workplace atmospheres (8).  
5.3 These methods have been found satisfactory for measuring sulfur dioxide in ambient and workplace atmospheres over the ranges pertinent in 5.1 and 5.2.  
5.4 Method A has been designed to correspond to the EPA-Designated Reference Method (7) for the determination of sulfur dioxide.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 μg/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 μg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 μg SO2/mL to 1.3 μg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 μg SO2/mL to 1.4 μg SO2/mL.  
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.  
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.  
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.  
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
Note 1: These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 μg/m3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
Note 2: Concentrations higher than 1000 μg/m3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.3.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4323-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere by Rate of Change of Reflectance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Hydrogen sulfide is an odorous substance which is offensive even at low concentrations in the atmosphere and toxic at higher levels. It may be a product of biological processes in the absence of oxygen, as may occur in municipal landfills. It is emitted from geothermal sources, occurs in oil and gas, and may be emitted from industrial processes. Measurement is required for air pollution studies, for pollution control, environmental justice based monitoring, and for plume characterization. This test method is intended for hydrogen sulfide content up to 3000 ppbv. Measurement of hydrogen sulfide above this concentration in gaseous fuels, carbon dioxide or other gaseous matrices is described in Test Method D4084. Equipment described is suitable for fixed site or for mobile monitoring.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the automatic continuous determination of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the atmosphere or in gaseous samples in the range from one part per billion by volume (1 ppb/v) to 3000 ppb/v. Information obtained may be used for air-pollution studies, fence-line monitoring, and other source emission monitoring.  
1.2 The range may be extended by appropriate dilution techniques or by equipment modification.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See Section 9 for specific safety precautionary statements.)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3162-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere (Continuous Measurement by Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometry)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Determination of carbon monoxide is essential to evaluation of many air pollution concerns and pollution control strategies. This test method derives significance from providing such determination.  
5.2 Carbon monoxide is formed in the process of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, and is a constituent of the exhaust of gasoline engines. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards for CO that are designed to protect the public health and welfare (3, 4).  
5.3 This test method is suitable for measurements appropriate for the purposes noted in 5.1 and 5.2.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration of the atmosphere between 0.6 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm(v)) and 115 mg/m3 (100 ppm(v)). The measuring principle is based on the absorption of infrared radiation by CO in the 4.7 μm region (1).2  
1.2 The test method has a limit of detection of about 0.6 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm(v)) carbon monoxide in air.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values and units in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for additional precautions.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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