ASTM A478-97(2019)

Standard Specification for Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Weaving and Knitting Wire

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the commonly used types of round stainless steel wire intended especially for weaving and knitting. The steel shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition specified. Wire shall be furnished in one of the following conditions: annealing, bright annealing, or cold drawing. The material shall conform to the requirements as to mechanical properties. The types of finish procurable are as follows: pickled finish and bright finish.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the more commonly used types of round stainless steel wire intended especially for weaving and knitting.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2019
• ICS: 77.140.20 - Stainless steels
• ICS: 77.140.65 - Steel wire, wire ropes and link chains
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.17 - Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A478-97(2013) - Standard Specification for Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Weaving and Knitting Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019
• Refers: ASTM A555/A555M-16 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Refers: ASTM A555/A555M-05(2014) - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Refers: ASTM A751-14 - Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Refers: ASTM A555/A555M-05(2009) - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
• Effective Date: 01-May-2009
• Refers: ASTM A751-08 - Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Refers: ASTM A751-07a - Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2007
• Refers: ASTM A751-07 - Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Refers: ASTM A751-01(2006) - Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-May-2006
• Refers: ASTM A555/A555M-05 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2005
• Refers: ASTM A751-01 - Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Refers: ASTM A751-96 - Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Refers: ASTM A555/A555M-97(2002) - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997
• Refers: ASTM A555/A555M-97 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F1217-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Cooker, Steam
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019

Overview

ASTM A478-97(2019) is the standard specification developed by ASTM International for chromium-nickel stainless steel wire, specifically intended for weaving and knitting applications. This standard covers commonly used types of round stainless steel wire, addressing requirements for chemical composition, mechanical properties, wire conditions, finishes, and applicable dimensions. ASTM A478 supports consistent material quality and performance in industries relying on stainless steel weaving and knitting wire, such as filtration, textiles, and other engineered mesh products.

Key Topics

• Material Types: ASTM A478 details the types of chromium-nickel stainless steel wire, including popular grades like 302, 304, 304L, 305, 309S, 316, and their variants.
• Chemical Requirements: The standard specifies the maximum allowable content for elements such as carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon, and prescribes essential ranges for chromium and nickel, ensuring corrosion resistance and ductility.
• Mechanical Properties: Minimum elongation and tensile strength requirements are provided based on wire diameter and condition (annealed, bright annealed, or cold drawn). These criteria help guarantee the wire's formability and strength during the weaving and knitting processes.
• Wire Conditions and Finishes: ASTM A478 wire can be supplied in annealed, bright annealed, or cold drawn conditions, with a choice of pickled or bright finish, as appropriate for the intended end use.
• Ordering Information: Purchasers are responsible for specifying detailed requirements, including quantity, type, condition, finish, dimensions, and any special use cases to ensure the supplied wire meets their needs.

Applications

Chromium-nickel stainless steel weaving and knitting wires produced in accordance with ASTM A478 are widely used in:

• Industrial Filtration: For manufacturing wire cloth used in liquid or gas filtration, where corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity are critical.
• Textile and Knitwear Industry: In knitting machines and woven fabric production, where consistent wire softness, diameter, and finish are important for performance.
• Sieves and Screens: For laboratory, food processing, chemical handling, and mining applications that demand precision and durability.
• Architectural and Mesh Products: In decorative and functional mesh panels or fencing, requiring stable mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.

Related Standards

• ASTM A555/A555M: Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods - This standard supplements ASTM A478 with general delivery, packaging, and quality provisions.
• ASTM A751: Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products - Provides methodologies for chemical analysis referenced by ASTM A478.

Other related notable keywords include: stainless steel wire, weaving wire, knitting wire, chromium-nickel steel, ASTM specifications, mesh wire, wire cloth fabrication, and industrial screening materials.

Practical Benefits

• Quality Assurance: Strict conformance to chemical and mechanical property requirements ensures dependable product performance and long-term reliability.
• Customization and Flexibility: Multiple grades, finishes, and conditions allow users to select the optimal wire for unique weaving and knitting demands.
• International Acceptance: Developed in line with WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) principles, ASTM A478 supports global sourcing and product standardization.

By specifying ASTM A478-97(2019) for chromium-nickel stainless steel weaving and knitting wire, manufacturers and end-users ensure product quality, consistency, and compliance across a broad array of industrial and commercial applications.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A478 −97 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Specification for
Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Weaving and Knitting
Wire
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A478; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.7 Applicable dimensions (diameter),
3.1.8 Type designation (see Table 1),
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversthemorecommonlyusedtypes
3.1.9 ASTM designation and date of issue, and
of round stainless steel wire intended especially for weaving
3.1.10 Special requirements.
and knitting.
3.2 If possible, the intended end use of the item should be
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
givenonthepurchaseorderespeciallywhentheitemisordered
as the standard.
for a specific end use or uses.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
NOTE 1—Atypical ordering description is as follows: 1000 lb; stainless
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
steel,deadsoft,brightannealedwire,0.015in.diameter,spools,Type304,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ASTM Specification A478 dated ______, End Use Wire Screen.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. Chemical Composition
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
chemical composition specified in Table 1.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis
2.1 ASTM Standards:
required by this specification shall be in accordance with Test
A555/A555M Specification for General Requirements for
Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
5. Conditions
cal Analysis of Steel Products
5.1 Wire may be furnished in one of the following condi-
3. Ordering Information
tions:
5.1.1 Annealed,
3.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this 5.1.2 Bright annealed, or
5.1.3 Cold drawn.
specification. Such requirements may include, but are not
limited to, the following:
6. Mechanical Requirements
3.1.1 Quantity (weight),
3.1.2 Name of material (stainless steel),
6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to
3.1.3 Condition (see Section 5),
mechanical properties specified in Table 2.
3.1.4 Finish (see Section 7),
7. Finish
3.1.5 Cross section (round),
3.1.6 Form (wire),
7.1 The types of finish procurable are as follows:
7.1.1 Pickled finish and
7.1.2 Bright finish.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.17 on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel.
8. General Requirements for Delivery
Current edition approved March 1, 2019. Published March 2019. Originally
8.1 In addition to the requirements of this specification, all
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as A478 – 97 (2013).
DOI: 10.1520/A0478-19.
requirements of the current edition of Specification A555/
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
A555M shall apply. Failure to comply with the general
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
requirements of Specification A555/A555M constitutes non-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. conformance with this specification.
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