ASTM D4321-04

Standard Test Method for Package Yield of Plastic Film

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Actual yield is important to the film converter as this determines the actual number of units or packages that he can derive in a particular conversion from any given mass of film.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of yield (area per unit mass) of plastic film.
1.2 Also described in this test method is the means for calculating nominal yield, given values for nominal density, and nominal thickness. This is needed since, in material specifications, limits for yield are normally stated in terms of the percent deviation of actual yield from nominal yield.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 4591.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2004
• ICS: 83.140.10 - Films and sheets
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.19 - Film, Sheeting, and Molded Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4321-99 - Standard Test Method for Package Yield of Plastic Film
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM D4321-09 - Standard Test Method for Package Yield of Plastic Film
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D3981-09a(2016) - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films Made from Medium-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D4635-16 - Standard Specification for Plastic Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D2103-15 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Film and Sheeting
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D2673-14(2022) - Standard Specification for Oriented Polypropylene Film
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F99-21 - Standard Guide for Writing a Specification for Flexible Barrier Rollstock Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D4649-20 - Standard Guide for Use of Stretch Films and Wrapping Application
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F2097-20 - Standard Guide for Design and Evaluation of Primary Flexible Packaging for Medical Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4321–04
Standard Test Method for
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Package Yield of Plastic Film
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4321; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.2.1.1 Discussion—The measured density is not the value
used to classify the material in accordance with a standard
1.1 This test method covers the determination of yield (area
material specification. The measured value will depend on the
per unit mass) of plastic film.
manufacturing process of the film.
1.2 Also described in this test method is the means for
3.2.2 measured thickness—the thickness of the fabricated
calculating nominal yield, given values for nominal density,
film as determined by actual measurement.
and nominal thickness. This is needed since, in material
3.2.3 nominal density—an estimated value of density of
specifications, limits for yield are normally stated in terms of
film as agreed upon between the user and the supplier.
the percent deviation of actual yield from nominal yield.
3.2.4 nominal thickness—the target value of film thickness
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
as agreed upon between the user and the supplier.
standard.Thevaluesgiveninbracketsareforinformationonly.
3.2.5 nominal yield—the target value of yield as agreed
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
upon between the user and the supplier.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.6 package yield—the calculated value of yield as deter-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mined by this test method.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Significance and Use
NOTE 1—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 4591.
4.1 Actual yield is important to the film converter as this
determines the actual number of units or packages that he can
2. Referenced Documents
derive in a particular conversion from any given mass of film.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
5. Apparatus
lation
5.1 Meansforpreparingtestspecimensofaccuratelyknown
D 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
area and weighing at least 1 g.
Gradient Technique
5.1.1 When film width and thickness are such that a
E 252 Test Method for Thickness of Thin Foil and Film by
specimen weighing at least 1 g will be produced, a rectangular
Weighing
metal template, nominally 100-mm [4-in.] wide, having a
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
length greater than the width of the film from which the
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
specimens are to be taken and having accurately parallel edges
in the length direction, is to be used for preparing specimens.
3. Terminology
The width is to be accurately measured for subsequent use in
3.1 Definitions:
calculating the specimen area. If slippage of film beneath the
3.1.1 density, apparent—the weight in air of a unit volume
template during the cutting operation is a problem, cement a
of a material.
thin layer of cork, felt, or other suitable material onto the
3.1.2 yield—the area per unit mass of a material.
contact face of the template.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.1.2 For narrower, thinner films for which the above
3.2.1 measured density—the density of the fabricated film
template would not produce a specimen weighing at least 1 g,
as determined by actual measurement.
a steel straightedge may be used. Using the steel straightedge,
make cuts as far apart as necessary to produce a specimen
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weighing at least 1 g.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting.
5.2 Horizontal Flat Surface, of a size large enough to
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approved
accommodate film samples from which test specimens are to
in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 4321 - 99.
2 be cut.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.3 Sharp Utility Knife or Razor Blade, or equivalent.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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D4321–04
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