ASTM D6270-98(2004)

Standard Practice for Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended for use of scrap tires including tire chips or tire shreds comprised of pieces of scrap tires, tire chip/soil mixtures, tire sidewalls, and whole scarp tires in civil engineering applications. This practice includes the use of tire chips, tire shreds, and tire chip/soil mixtures as lightweight embankment fill, lightweight retaining wall backfill, drainage layers, thermal insulation to limit frost penetration beneath roads, insulating backfill to limit heat loss from buildings, and replacement for soil or rock in other fill applications. Use of whole scrap tires and tire sidewalls includes construction of retaining walls and drainage culverts, as well as use as fill when whole tires have been compressed into bales. It is the responsibility of the design engineer to determine the appropriateness of using scrap tires in a particular application and to select applicable tests and specifications to facilitate construction and environmental protection. This practice is intended to encourage wider utilization of scrap tires in civil engineering applications.
Three tire shred fills with thicknesses in excess of 7 m have experienced a serious heating reaction; however, more than 70 fills with a thickness less than 3 m have been constructed with no evidence of a deleterious heating reaction (1)6 . Guidelines have been developed to minimize internal heating of tire shred fills (2) as discussed in 6.10. The guidelines are applicable to fills less than 3 m thick; thus, this practice should be applied only to tire shred fills less than 3 m thick.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidance for testing the physical properties and gives data for assessment of the leachate generation potential of processed or whole scrap tires in lieu of conventional civil engineering materials, such as stone, gravel, soil, sand, or other fill materials. In addition, typical construction practices are outlined.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-1998
• ICS: 83.160.01 - Tyres in general
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D6270-98 - Standard Practice for Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1998
• Replaced By: ASTM D6270-08 - Standard Practice for Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D7760-18 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Materials Derived from Scrap Tires Using a Rigid Wall Permeameter
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D5681-22e1 - Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1998

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 6270 – 98 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Practice for
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Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice provides guidance for testing the physical 3.1 Definitions:
properties and gives data for assessment of the leachate 3.1.1 baling, n—a method of volume reduction whereby
generation potential of processed or whole scrap tires in lieu of tires are compressed into bales.
conventional civil engineering materials, such as stone, gravel, 3.1.2 bead,n—theanchoringpartofthetirewhichisshaped
soil, sand, or other fill materials. In addition, typical construc- to fit the rim and is constructed of bead wire wrapped by the
tion practices are outlined. plies.
3.1.3 bead wire, n—a high tensile steel wire surrounded by
2. Referenced Documents
rubber, which forms the bead of a tire that provides a firm
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2.1 ASTM Standards: contact to the rim.
C 127 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of
3.1.4 belt wire, n—abrassplatedhightensilesteelwirecord
Coarse Aggregate used in steel belts.
D 422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
3.1.5 buffıng rubber, n—vulcanized rubber usually obtained
D 698 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Character- from a worn or used tire in the process of removing the old
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istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft (600
tread in preparation for retreading.
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kN-m/m )) 3.1.6 carcass, n—see casing.
D 1557 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3.1.7 casing, n—the basic tire structure excluding the tread
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istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (Syn. carcass).
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(2,700 kN-m/m ))
3.1.8 granulated rubber, n—particulaterubbercomposedof
D 2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils mainly nonspherical particles that span a broad range of
(Constant Head)
maximumparticledimension,frombelow425µm(40mesh)to
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D 3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under
12 mm (also refer to particulate rubber).
Consolidated Drained Conditions 3.1.9 ground rubber, n—particulate rubber composed of
D 4253 TestMethodsforMaximumIndexDensityandUnit
mainly nonspherical particles that span a range of maximum
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table particle dimensions, from below 425 µm (40 mesh) to 2 mm
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2.2 AASHTO Standard:
(also refer to particulate rubber).
T 274 Standard Method of Test for Resilient Modulus of 3.1.10 nominal size, n—the average size product (chip) that
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Subgrade Soils
comprises 50 % or more of the through put in a scrap tire
2.3 USEPA Standard: processing operation; scrap tire processing operations generate
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Method 1311 Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure
products (chips) above and below the nominal size.
3.1.11 particulate rubber, n—raw, uncured, compounded or
vulcanized rubber that has been transformed by means of a
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Biotech-
mechanicalsizereductionprocessintoacollectionofparticles,
nology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.03 on Industrial
Recovery and Reuse. with or without a coating of a partitioning agent to prevent
Current edition approved June 10, 1998. Published August 1998.
agglomeration during production, transportation, or storage
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
(also see definition of buffing rubber, granulated rubber,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
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ground rubber, and powdered rubber).
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3.1.12 passenger car tire, n—atirewithlessthana457-mm
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Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling
rim diameter for use on cars only.
and Testing, Part II: Methods of Sampling and Testing, American Association of
State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C.
4 rd
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, 3 ed.,
Report No. EPA530/SW-846, U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, Washington,
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D.C. The defined term is the responsibility of Committee D11 on Rubber.
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D 6270 – 98 (2004)
3.1.13 powdered rubber, n—particulaterubbercomposedof whole scrap tires and tire sidewalls includes construction of
mainly nonspherical particles that have a maximum particle retainin
...