ASTM D1695-07(2012)
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives
Standard Terminology of Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard contains terms, definition of terms, descriptions of terms, nomenclature, and explanations of acronyms and symbols specifically associated with standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications; Subcommittee D01.36 on Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives.
1.2 This terminology is divided into three classes as follows:
Section
Cellulosic Materials and Constituents
3.1
Chemical Modifications and Derivatives of Cellulose
3.2
Properties of Cellulose and Associated Concepts that are
applicable to both Sections 3.1 and 3.2
3.3
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1695 − 07 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Terminology of
1
Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope alpha pulps—see chemical cellulose.
araban—a pentosan yielding essentially only arabinose on
1.1 This terminology standard contains terms, definition of
hydrolysis.
terms,descriptionsofterms,nomenclature,andexplanationsof
acronyms and symbols specifically associated with standards
arabinogalactan—a polysaccharide consisting of arabinose
under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
and galactose units, like the water-soluble polysaccharide of
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications; Subcommittee
larch.
D01.36 on Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives.
arabinose—a pentose that occurs as one of the sugar units in
1.2 This terminology is divided into three classes as fol-
some hemicelluloses.
lows:
arabinomethylglucuronoxylan—a hemicellulose containing
Section
Cellulosic Materials and Constituents 3.1 arabinose, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid, and xylose groups in
Chemical Modifications and Derivatives of Cellulose 3.2
its structure.
Properties of Cellulose and Associated Concepts that are
applicable to both Sections 3.1 and 3.2 3.3
beta-cellulose—(1) Historically, a term used to indicate impu-
rities of moderate chain lengths found in pulps, predomi-
2. Referenced Documents
nately degraded cellulose. (2) Beta-cellulose content, as
2.1 The numerous ASTM Standards to which this standard
measured by TAPPI Method T203 om-93, is the pulp
applies are found in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol
fraction soluble in caustic, which precipitates upon acidifi-
06.03.
cation.
2
2.2 TAPPI Standards:
carbohydrates not cellulose—the noncellulosic carbohy-
TAPPI Method T203 om-93Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-
drates of a cellulosic material.
Cellulose in Pulp
cellophane pulps—pulps used in the manufacture of
cellophane, and subject to various specifications by the
3. Terminology
manufacturers, including those of purity, moisture content,
3.1 Cellulosic Materials and Constituents
sheet properties, and viscosity.
acetylation pulps—pulpsusedinthemanufactureofcellulose
cellulose—(1) the main solid constituent of woody plants; it
acetate or other esters, and subject to various specifications
occurs widely elsewhere in the vegetable kingdom, and to a
by the manufacturers, including those of purity, moisture
smallextentintheanimalkingdom.(2)chemically,cellulose
content, sheet properties, and viscosity.
is β-1-4 glucan of high degree of polymerization. It is
desirable to apply “cellulose” to this material only and to
alpha-cellulose—(1) Historically, a term used to indicate the
designate the predominantly cellulosic residue obtained by
pure, relative undegraded cellulose found in pulps. (2)
subjecting woody tissues to various pulping processes as
Alpha-cellulosecontentisoftenmeasuredbyTAPPIMethod
“cellulosic residues,” “cellulosic pulps,” or the like.
T203 om-93 where alpha-cellulose is that portion of the
pulp which does not dissolve under the test conditions.
cellulose I—the crystalline modification of cellulose that
normally occurs in nature.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint cellulose II—the crystalline modification of cellulose that is
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
found in mercerized cellulose, in regenerated cellulose, and
Subcommittee D01.36 on Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives.
in cellulose produced by the hydrolysis of various cellulose
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
derivatives.
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1695- 07. DOI:
10.1520/D1695-07R12.
2
cellulose III—a crystalline modification of cellulose produced
Available from TechnicalAssociation of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI),
15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA 30092, http://www.tappi.org. by treatment, under certain conditions, with ammonia or
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1695 − 07 (2012)
sometimes by amines. The method of removing the reagent glucuronoxylan—a common designation for the xylose-
determines the modification produced. containing hardwood hemicelluloses. (see also methylglu-
curonoxylan)
cellulose IV—a crystalline modification of cellulose produced
by heat treatment of cellulose II. hemicellulose—any of a number of
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.