ASTM F2004-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Alloys by Thermal Analysis
Standard Test Method for Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Alloys by Thermal Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Differential scanning calorimetry provides a rapid method for determining the transformation temperature(s) of nickel-titanium shape memory alloys.
5.2 This test method uses small, stress-free, annealed samples to determine whether a sample of nickel-titanium alloy containing nominally 54.5 to 56.5 % nickel by weight is austenitic or martensitic at a particular temperature. Since chemical analysis of these alloys does not have sufficient precision to determine the transformation temperature by measuring the nickel-to-titanium ratio of the alloy, direct measurement of the transformation temperature of an annealed sample of known thermal history is recommended.
5.3 This test method is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.
5.4 Transformation temperatures derived from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) may not agree with those obtained by other test methods due to the effects of strain and load on the transformation. For example, transformation temperatures measured in accordance with Test Method F2082 will differ from those measured by the current standard.
5.5 The use of this test method for finished or semi-finished components without annealing (as in 8.2) shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method defines procedures for determining the transformation temperatures of nickel-titanium shape memory alloys, produced in accordance with Specification F2063, by differential scanning calorimetry.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F2004 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Alloys by
1
Thermal Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys
by Bend and Free Recovery
1.1 This test method defines procedures for determining the
transformation temperatures of nickel-titanium shape memory
3. Terminology
alloys, produced in accordance with Specification F2063,by
3.1 Specific technical terms used in this test method are
differential scanning calorimetry.
found in Terminologies E473, E1142, and F2005.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4. Summary of Test Method
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
4.1 This test method involves heating and cooling a test
specimen at a controlled rate in a controlled environment
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
through the temperature interval of the phase transformation.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
The difference in heat flow between the test material and a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
reference material due to energy changes is continuously
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
monitored and recorded. Absorption of energy due to a phase
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
transformation in the specimen results in an endothermic peak
on heating. Release of energy due to a phase transformation in
2. Referenced Documents
the specimen results in an exothermic peak on cooling.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
5. Significance and Use
ASTM Test Methods
5.1 Differential scanning calorimetry provides a rapid
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
method for determining the transformation temperature(s) of
ology
nickel-titanium shape memory alloys.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
5.2 This test method uses small, stress-free, annealed
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
samplestodeterminewhetherasampleofnickel-titaniumalloy
E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differen-
containing nominally 54.5 to 56.5 % nickel by weight is
tial Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Ana-
austenitic or martensitic at a particular temperature. Since
lyzers
chemical analysis of these alloys does not have sufficient
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
precision to determine the transformation temperature by
F2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory
measuring the nickel-to-titanium ratio of the alloy, direct
Alloys
measurement of the transformation temperature of an annealed
F2063 Specification for Wrought Nickel-Titanium Shape
sample of known thermal history is recommended.
Memory Alloys for Medical Devices and Surgical Im-
plants
5.3 This test method is useful for quality control, specifica-
F2082 Test Method for Determination of Transformation
tion acceptance, and research.
5.4 Transformation temperatures derived from differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) may not agree with those obtained
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F04 on Medical
and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee byothertestmethodsduetotheeffectsofstrainandloadonthe
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
transformation. For example, transformation temperatures
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2017. Originally
F2082 will differ
measured in accordance with Test Method
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2004 – 05 (2010).
from those measured by the current standard.
DOI: 10.1520/F2004-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.5 The use of this test method for finished or semi-finished
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
components without annealing (as in 8.2) shall be agreed upon
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. between the purchaser and the supplier.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2004 − 16
6. Interferences 9. Calibration
6.1 Make sure the material to be tested is homogeneous 9.1 Calibrate the temperature axis of the instrument using
since milligram sample quantities are used. thesamehe
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2004 − 05 (Reapproved 2010) F2004 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Alloys by
1
Thermal Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method defines procedures for determining the transformation temperatures of nickel-titanium shape memory
alloys.alloys, produced in accordance with Specification F2063, by differential scanning calorimetry.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differential Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Analyzers
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
F2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys
F2063 Specification for Wrought Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys for Medical Devices and Surgical Implants
F2082 Test Method for Determination of Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys by Bend and
Free Recovery
3. Terminology
3.1 Specific technical terms used in this test method are found in Terminologies E473, E1142, and F2005.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method involves heating and cooling a test specimen at a controlled rate in a controlled environment through the
temperature interval of the phase transformation. The difference in heat flow between the test material and a reference material due
to energy changes is continuously monitored and recorded. Absorption of energy due to a phase transformation in the specimen
results in an endothermic peak on heating. Release of energy due to a phase transformation in the specimen results in an exothermic
peak on cooling.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Differential scanning calorimetry provides a rapid method for determining the transformation temperature(s) of nickel-
titanium shape memory alloys.
5.2 This test method uses small, stress-free, annealed samples to determine whether a sample of nickel-titanium alloy containing
nominally 54.5 to 56.5 % nickel by weight is austenitic or martensitic at a particular temperature. Since chemical analysis of these
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010Dec. 1, 2016. Published September 2010January 2017. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20052010
as F2004 – 05.F2004 – 05 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/F2004-05R10.10.1520/F2004-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2004 − 16
alloys does not have sufficient precision to determine the transformation temperature by measuring the nickel to titanium
nickel-to-titanium ratio of the alloy, direct measurement of the transformation temperature of an annealed sample of known thermal
history is recommended.
5.3 This test method is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.
5.4 Transformation temperatures derived from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) may not agree with those obtained by
other test methods due to the effects of strain and load on the transformation. For example, transformation temperatures measured
in accordance with Test Method F2082 will differ
...
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