ASTM D653-02
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 653 – 02
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
These definitions were prepared jointly by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Society for Testing and Materials.
INTRODUCTION
A number of the definitions include symbols and indicate the units of measurement. The symbols
appear in italics immediately after the name of the term, followed by the unit in parentheses. No
significance should be placed on the order in which the symbols are presented where two or more are
given for an individual term. The applicable units are indicated by capital letters, as follows:
F—Force, such as pound-force, ton-force, newton
L—Length, such as inch, foot, centimetre
T—Time, such as second, minute
D—Dimensionless
Positive exponents designate multiples in the numerator. Negative exponents designate multiples in
the denominator. Degrees of angle are indicated as “degrees.”
Expressing the units either in SI or the inch-pound system has been purposely omitted in order to
leave the choice of the system and specific unit to the engineer and the particular application, for
example:
−2
FL —may be expressed in pounds-force per square inch, kilopascals, tons per square foot, etc.
−1
LT —may be expressed in feet per minute, centimetres per second, etc.
Where synonymous terms are cross-referenced, the definition is usually included with the earlier
term alphabetically. Where this is not the case, the later term is the more significant.
Definitions marked with (ISRM) are taken directly from the publication in Ref 42 and are included
for the convenience of the user.
For a list of ISRM symbols relating to soil and rock mechanics, refer to Appendix X1.
A list of references used in the preparation of these definitions appears at the end.
AASHTO compaction—see compaction test. abrasive—any rock, mineral, or other substance that, owing to
88A” Horizon—see horizon. its superior hardness, toughness, consistency, or other prop-
abandonment—see decommissioning. D 5299 erties, is suitable for grinding, cutting, polishing, scouring,
abrasion—a rubbing and wearing away. (ISRM) or similar use.
abrasion—the mechanical wearing, grinding, scraping or rub- abrasiveness—the property of a material to remove matter
bing away (or down) of rock surfaces by friction or impact, when scratching and grinding another material. (ISRM)
or both. absorbed water—water held mechanically in a soil or rock
mass and having physical properties not substantially differ-
ent from ordinary water at the same temperature and
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil pressure.
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.93 on Terminology
absorption—the assimilation of fluids into interstices.
for Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids.
absorption loss—that part of transmitted energy (mechanical)
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2002. Published May 2002. Originally
lost due to dissipation or conversion into other forms (heat,
published as D 653 – 42 T. Last previous edition D 653 – 01.
This extensive list of definitions represents the joint efforts of Subcommittee etc.).
D18.93 on Terminology for Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids of ASTM Committee
accelerator—a material that increases the rate at which
D-18 on Soil and Rock, and the Committee on Definitions and Standards of the
chemical reactions would otherwise occur.
Geotechnical Engineering Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers.
activator—a material that causes a catalyst to begin its
These two groups function together as the Joint ASCE/ASTM Committee on
Nomenclature in Soil and Rock Mechanics. This list incorporates some terms from
function.
ASTM Definitions D 1707, Terms Relating to Soil Dynamics, which were discon-
active earth pressure—see earth pressure.
tinued in 1967.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 653
active state of plastic equilibrium—see plastic equilibrium. movement of such magnitude that the structure is endan-
additive—any material other than the basic components of a gered.
grout system.
alluvium—soil, the constituents of which have been trans-
adhesion—shearing resistance betwe
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