ASTM D8181-18b
(Specification)Standard Specification for Microemulsion Blendstock for Preparing Microemulsion Test Fuel Oils
Standard Specification for Microemulsion Blendstock for Preparing Microemulsion Test Fuel Oils
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes an alcohol-carboxylic acid blend, referred to as the microemulsion blendstock.
Note 1: Microemulsion blendstocks shall not include substances such as raw vegetable oil triglycerides. Refer to Appendix X2.1.2, Composition, for details.
1.1.1 Warning—The microemulsion blendstock should be stored in facilities and equipment designed for oxygenated and low flashpoint liquids.
1.2 The microemulsion blendstock is to be blended with fuel oils to produce a microemulsion test fuel oil that consists of inverse micelles.
Note 2: While no fuel standard currently exists for a microemulsion test fuel oil, work to develop one is underway.
Note 3: Typical fuel oils that could be used for blending with microemulsion blendstock are fuels that comply with Specifications D975 and D396 and may contain up to 5 % by volume biodiesel.
Note 4: Testing with test fuels containing 10 % microemulsion blendstock using B5 as a base fuel did not show any detrimental changes to specified fuel properties relative to B0 base fuels, but can impair measurement of microemulsion blendstock concentration.
1.2.1 The microemulsion test fuel oil (to be made from this blendstock) is to be used for testing and demonstration purposes only in specific equipment and vehicles that are suited for or have been equipped with safety precautions for use with low flashpoint fuels and oxygenated fuels such as ethanol. Minimum safety precautions may include flame arrestors and grounding straps.
Note 5: The low flash point of this blendstock relative to conventional diesel fuel increases certain hazards during storage and distribution.
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations, which may be more restrictive.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:D8181 −18b
Standard Specification for
Microemulsion Blendstock for Preparing Microemulsion
1
Test Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8181; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
1.1 This specification describes an alcohol-carboxylic acid
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
blend, referred to as the microemulsion blendstock.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOTE 1—Microemulsion blendstocks shall not include substances such
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
as raw vegetable oil triglycerides. Refer to Appendix X2.1.2,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Composition, for details.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1.1 Warning—The microemulsion blendstock should be
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
stored in facilities and equipment designed for oxygenated and
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
low flashpoint liquids.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2 The microemulsion blendstock is to be blended with
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
fuel oils to produce a microemulsion test fuel oil that consists
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of inverse micelles.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
NOTE 2—While no fuel standard currently exists for a microemulsion
test fuel oil, work to develop one is underway.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 3—Typical fuel oils that could be used for blending with
2
microemulsion blendstock are fuels that comply with Specifications D975 2.1 ASTM Standards:
and D396 and may contain up to5%by volume biodiesel.
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
NOTE 4—Testing with test fuels containing 10 % microemulsion
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
blendstock using B5 as a base fuel did not show any detrimental changes
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
to specified fuel properties relative to B0 base fuels, but can impair
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
measurement of microemulsion blendstock concentration.
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
1.2.1 The microemulsion test fuel oil (to be made from this
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
blendstock) is to be used for testing and demonstration
ity)
purposesonlyinspecificequipmentandvehiclesthataresuited
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
for or have been equipped with safety precautions for use with
by Potentiometric Titration
low flashpoint fuels and oxygenated fuels such as ethanol.
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of
Minimum safety precautions may include flame arrestors and
Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
grounding straps.
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
Indicator Titration
NOTE 5—The low flash point of this blendstock relative to conventional
diesel fuel increases certain hazards during storage and distribution. D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
of federal, state, or local regulations, which may be more
Petroleum Products
restrictive.
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
Fuels, and Lubricants
D4625 Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine
2
Fuels. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published January 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D8181 – 18a. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D8181-18B. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8181 − 18a D8181 − 18b
Standard Specification for
Microemulsion Blendstock for Preparing Microemulsion
1
Test Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8181; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification describes an alcohol-carboxylic acid blendstock which is to be blended with fuel oils to produce a
microemulsion of inverse micelles that is to be used as a test fuel oil.blend, referred to as the microemulsion blendstock.
NOTE 1—Microemulsion blendstocks shall not include substances such as raw vegetable oil triglycerides. Refer to Appendix X2.1.2, Composition, for
details.
1.1.1 Warning—The microemulsion blendstock shallshould be stored in special facilities and drums or tanks that are suited for
low flashpoint liquids and oxygenated products.facilities and equipment designed for oxygenated and low flashpoint liquids.
1.2 The microemulsion blendstock is to be blended with fuel oils to produce a microemulsion test fuel oil that is intended for
testing and demonstration purposes in specialty applications such as compression-ignition engine and burner fuel applications-
.consists of inverse micelles.
NOTE 2—While no fuel standard currently exists for a microemulsion test fuel oil, work to develop one is underway.
NOTE 3—Typical fuel oils that could be used for blending with microemulsion blendstock are fuels that comply with Specifications D975 and D396
and may contain up to 5 % by volume biodiesel.
NOTE 4—Testing with test fuels containing 10 % microemulsion blendstock using B5 as a base fuel did not show any detrimental changes to specified
fuel properties relative to B0 base fuels, but can impair measurement of microemulsion blendstock concentration.
1.2.1 The microemulsion test fuel oil (to be made from this blendstock) is to be used for testing and demonstration purposes
only in specific equipment and vehicles that are suited for or have been equipped with safety precautions for use with low
flashpoint fuels and oxygenated fuels such as ethanol. Minimum safety precautions may include flame arrestors and grounding
straps.
NOTE 5—The low flash point of this blendstock relative to conventional diesel fuel increases certain hazards during storage and distribution.
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations, which may be more restrictive.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018Dec. 1, 2018. Published October 2018January 2019. Originally approved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as
D8181 – 18.D8181 – 18a. DOI: 10.1520/D8181-18A.10.1520/D8181-18B.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
...
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