ASTM D905-08e1

Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
It cannot be assumed that this test method measures the true shear strength of the adhesive bond. Many factors interfere or bias the measurement including the strength of the wood, the specimen, the shear tool designs themselves, and the rate of loading.
Wood failure is very common in joints made with strong adhesives. Although high wood failure is normally desired, when it occurs the measured strength is lower than the true adhesive bond strength.
Stress concentrations at the notches of the specimen tend to lower the measured strength. In a similar test for the shear strength of solid wood, Test Methods D 143, these effects are self correcting so that the measured strength is close to the true shear strength of the wood. By analogy the same may be true in this test method, however, other factors are also involved and may alter the relationship.
The rate of loading affects the strength of an adhesive bond according to the adhesive's rheological properties. The more viscoelastic or plastic the adhesive, the greater effect. Thermosetting adhesives like urea- and phenol-formaldehyde are elastic. Their bond strengths can be measured over a range of loading rate from 0.038 to 1.27 cm/min [0.015 to 0.5 in./min] with no apparent affect. Thermoplastic adhesives like polyvinyl acetate, hot melts, and elastomer-based adhesives exhibit a broad range of elastic, viscoelastic, and plastic behaviors. Their bond strengths will be affected to varying degrees by changing the loading rate. Generally, increasing the rate, increases the measured strength.
This test method is suitable for product research and development, qualifying adhesives in accordance with certain product or performance specifications, and monitoring bonding process control. This test method may be suitable for comparing and selecting adhesives, however, such comparisons must be made with caution since the measured strength of some adhesives may be different in different types of joints. Strength values obt...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strengths of adhesive bonds used for bonding wood and other similar materials, when tested on a standard specimen under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and loading in compression. This test method is intended primarily as an evaluation of adhesives for wood.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2008
• ICS: 83.180 - Adhesives
• Technical Committee: D14 - Adhesives
• Drafting Committee: D14.30 - Wood Adhesives

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D905-08 - Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D6464-03a(2017) - Standard Specification for Expandable Foam Adhesives for Fastening Gypsum Wallboard to Wood Framing
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D2559-12a(2018) - Standard Specification for Adhesives for Bonded Structural Wood Products for Use Under Exterior Exposure Conditions
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D3983-98(2019) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Strength and Shear Modulus of Nonrigid Adhesives by the Thick-Adherend Tensile-Lap Specimen
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D5574-94(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Establishing Allowable Mechanical Properties of Wood-Bonding Adhesives for Design of Structural Joints
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D5751-99(2019) - Standard Specification for Adhesives Used for Laminate Joints in Nonstructural Lumber Products
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D4680-98(2023) - Standard Test Method for Creep and Time to Failure of Adhesives in Static Shear by Compression Loading (Wood-to-Wood)
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D6465-99(2016) - Standard Guide for Selecting Aerospace and General Purpose Adhesives and Sealants
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D1995-92(2017) - Standard Test Methods for Multi-Modal Strength Testing of Autohesives (Contact Adhesives)
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D1037-12(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D7446-09(2017) - Standard Specification for Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) Adhesives for Laminating Oriented Strand Board (OSB) to Rigid Cellular Polystryene Thermal Insulation Core Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D3498-19a - Standard Specification for Adhesives for Field-Gluing Wood Structural Panels (Plywood or Oriented Strand Board) to Wood Based Floor System Framing
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D3930-08(2023) - Standard Specification for Adhesives for Wood-Based Materials for Construction of Manufactured Homes
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D4689-12(2018) - Standard Specification for Adhesive, Casein-Type
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D950-03(2020)e1 - Standard Test Method for Impact Strength of Adhesive Bonds
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D905 − 08
StandardTest Method for
Strength Properties of Adhesive Bonds in Shear by
1
Compression Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D905; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Added research report footnote to Section 13 editorially in May 2009.
INTRODUCTION
The accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive bonds will depend on the conditions under
which the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufacturer and the
purchaser, the bonding conditions shall be prescribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive. In order to
ensure that complete information is available to the individual conducting the tests, the manufacturer
of the adhesive shall furnish numerical values and other specific information for each of the following
variables:
(1) The moisture content of the wood at the time of bonding.
(2) Complete mixing directions for the adhesive.
(3) Conditions for applications of the adhesive including the rate of spread or thickness of film,
number of coats to be applied, whether to be applied to one or both surfaces, and the conditions of
drying where more than one coat is required.
(4) Assembly conditions before application of pressure, including the room temperature, length of
time, and whether open or closed assembly is to be used.
(5) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be applied, the length of time under
pressure and the temperature of assembly when under pressure. It should be stated whether this
temperature is that of the bond line, or of the atmosphere at which the assembly is to be maintained.
(6) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure is specified, including the
length of time, temperature, and relative humidity.
Arangemaybeprescribedforanyvariablebythemanufactureroftheadhesiveifitcanbeassumed
by the test operator that any arbitrarily chosen value within such a range or any combination of such
values for several variables will be acceptable to both the manufacturer and the purchaser of the
adhesive.
1. Scope wood and other similar materials, when tested on a standard
specimen under specified conditions of preparation,
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-
conditioning, and loading in compression. This test method is
parative shear strengths of adhesive bonds used for bonding
intended primarily as an evaluation of adhesives for wood.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
standard. The values given in brackets are provided for
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood
Adhesives.
information purposes only.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D905 – 03. DOI:
10.1520/D0905-08E01. safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D905 − 08
FIG. 1 Shearing Tool
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4.1.3 The rate of loading affects the strength of an adhesive
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bond according to the adhesive’s rheological properties. The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
more viscoelastic or plastic the adhesive, the greater effect.
Thermosetting adhesives like urea- and phenol-formaldehyde
2. Referenced Documents
are elastic. Their bond strengths can be measured over a range
2
of loading rate from 0.038 to 1.27 cm/min [0.015 to 0.5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber in./min] with no apparent affect. Thermoplastic adhesives like
D907 Terminology of Adhesives polyvinyl acetate, hot melts, and elastomer-based adhesives
D5266 Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood exhibit a broad range of elastic, viscoelastic, and plastic
Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints behaviors. Their bond strengths will be affected to varying
degrees by changing the loading rate. Generally, increasing the
3. Terminology
rate, increases the measured strength.
3.1 Definitions—Many terms in this test method are defined
4.2 This test method is suitable for product research and
in Terminology D907.
development,
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D905–03 Designation:D905–08
Standard Test Method for
Strength Properties of Adhesive Bonds in Shear by
1
Compression Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 905; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Added research report footnote to Section 13 editorially in May 2009.
INTRODUCTION
The accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive bonds will depend on the conditions under
which the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufacturer and the
purchaser, the bonding conditions shall be prescribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive. In order to
ensure that complete information is available to the individual conducting the tests, the manufacturer
of the adhesive shall furnish numerical values and other specific information for each of the following
variables:
(1) The moisture content of the wood at the time of gluing.bonding.
(2) Complete mixing directions for the adhesive.
(3) Conditions for applications of the adhesive including the rate of spread or thickness of film,
number of coats to be applied, whether to be applied to one or both surfaces, and the conditions of
drying where more than one coat is required.
(4) Assembly conditions before application of pressure, including the room temperature, length of
time, and whether open or closed assembly is to be used.
(5) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be applied, the length of time under
pressure and the temperature of assembly when under pressure. It should be stated whether this
temperature is that of the gluebond line, or of the atmosphere at which the assembly is to be
maintained.
(6) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure is specified, including the
length of time, temperature, and relative humidity.
Arange may be prescribed for any variable by the manufacturer of the adhesive if it can be assumed
by the test operator that any arbitrarily chosen value within such a range or any combination of such
values for several variables will be acceptable to both the manufacturer and the purchaser of the
adhesive.
1. Scope *
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strengths of adhesive bonds used for bonding wood and
other similar materials, when tested on a standard specimen under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and loading
in compression. This test method is intended primarily as an evaluation of adhesives for wood.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthesesbrackets are provided for
information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood Adhesives.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003.2008. Published October 2003.2008. Originally approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 19982003 as
D905–98.D 905 – 03.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D905–08
FIG. 1 Shearing Tool
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
D 907 Terminology of Adhesives Terminology of Adhesives
D 5266 Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Many terms in this test method are defined in Terminology D 907.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 It cannot be assumed that this test method measures the true shear strength of the adhesive bond. Many factors interfere or
bias the measurement including the strength of the wood, the specimen, the shear tool designs themselves, and the rate of loading.
4.1.1 Wood failure is very common in joints made with strong adhesives.Alt
...