ASTM E438-92(2018)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Glasses in Laboratory Apparatus
Standard Specification for Glasses in Laboratory Apparatus
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the glasses commonly used to manufacture laboratory glass apparatus. Three types of glasses are included: Type I, Class A which is a low-expansion borosilicate glass, Type I, Class B which is an alumino-borosilicate glass, and Type II which is a soda-lime glass. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of glasses: linear coefficient of expansion, annealing point, softening point, density, and chemical durability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the glasses commonly used to manufacture laboratory glass apparatus.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E438 −92(Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
Glasses in Laboratory Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E438; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
1.1 This specification covers the glasses commonly used to
manufacture laboratory glass apparatus.
3. Classification
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1 Three types are included, as follows:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.1 Type I, Class A—A low-expansion borosilicate glass.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2 Type I, Class B—An alumino-borosilicate glass.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.3 Type II—A soda-lime glass.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Chemical Requirements
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 The Type I, Class A and B glasses shall have the major
2.1 ASTM Standards:
constituents and comply with the restrictions on trace constitu-
C225 Test Methods for Resistance of Glass Containers to
ents given in Table 1. The major constituents will be varied to
Chemical Attack
maintain the physical requirements as shown.
C338 Test Method for Softening Point of Glass
4.2 SuitableTypeIIglassesmayvarysomewhatinchemical
C598 Test Method for Annealing Point and Strain Point of
composition and still meet essential physical requirements.
Glass by Beam Bending
Two such compositions are shown in Table 2; both are readily
C729 Test Method for Density of Glass by the Sink-Float
available and are used for laboratory apparatus.
Comparator
5. Physical Requirements
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E41 on
5.1 The physical requirements for glasses shall be as pre-
Laboratory Apparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E41.01 on
Laboratory Ware and Supplies.
scribed in Table 3. The tolerances listed in Table 3 must be on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018. Published January 2018. Originally
the published values of the manufacturer’s specific glass
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E438 – 92 (2011).
compositions.
DOI: 10.1520/E0438-92R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6. Keywords
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 6.1 glasses; laboratory
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E438 − 92 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
Glasses in Laboratory Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E438; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope C729 Test Method for Density of Glass by the Sink-Float
Comparator
1.1 This specification covers the glasses commonly used to
E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
manufacture laboratory glass apparatus.
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3. Classification
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1 Three types are included, as follows:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 3.1.1 Type I, Class A—A low-expansion borosilicate glass.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.2 Type I, Class B—An alumino-borosilicate glass.
3.1.3 Type II—A soda-lime glass.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Chemical Requirements
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C225 Test Methods for Resistance of Glass Containers to
4.1 The Type I, Class A and B glasses shall have the major
Chemical Attack
constituents and comply with the restrictions on trace constitu-
C338 Test Method for Softening Point of Glass
ents given in Table 1. The major constituents will be varied to
C598 Test Method for Annealing Point and Strain Point of
maintain the physical requirements as shown.
Glass by Beam Bending
4.2 Suitable Type II glasses may vary somewhat in chemical
composition and still meet essential physical requirements.
Two such compositions are shown in Table 2; both are readily
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E41 on
available and are used for laboratory apparatus.
Laboratory Apparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E41.01 on
Laboratory Ware and Supplies.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018. Published January 2018. Originally
5. Physical Requirements
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E438 – 92 (2011).
DOI: 10.1520/E0438-92R18.
5.1 The physical requirements for glasses shall be as pre-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
scribed in Table 3. The tolerances listed in Table 3 must be on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the published values of the manufacturer’s specific glass
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
compositions.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E438 − 92 (Reapproved 2018)
6. Keywords
6.1 glasses; laboratory
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E438 − 92 (Reapproved 2011) E438 − 92 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
Glasses in Laboratory Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E438; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the glasses commonly used to manufacture laboratory glass apparatus.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C225 Test Methods for Resistance of Glass Containers to Chemical Attack
C338 Test Method for Softening Point of Glass
C598 Test Method for Annealing Point and Strain Point of Glass by Beam Bending
C729 Test Method for Density of Glass by the Sink-Float Comparator
E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
3. Classification
3.1 Three types are included, as follows:
3.1.1 Type I, Class A—A low-expansion borosilicate glass.
3.1.2 Type I, Class B—An alumino-borosilicate glass.
3.1.3 Type II—A soda-lime glass.
4. Chemical Requirements
4.1 The Type I, Class A and B glasses shall have the major constituents and comply with the restrictions on trace constituents
given in Table 1. The major constituents will be varied to maintain the physical requirements as shown.
4.2 Suitable Type II glasses may vary somewhat in chemical composition and still meet essential physical requirements. Two
such compositions are shown in Table 2; both are readily available and are used for laboratory apparatus.
5. Physical Requirements
5.1 The physical requirements for glasses shall be as prescribed in Table 3. The tolerances listed in Table 3 must be on the
published values of the manufacturer’s specific glass compositions.
6. Keywords
6.1 glasses; laboratory
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E41 on Laboratory Apparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E41.01 on
ApparatusLaboratory Ware and Supplies.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011Jan. 1, 2018. Published December 2011January 2018. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20062011
as E438 – 92 (2006).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/E0438-92R11.10.1520/E0438-92R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM In
...
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