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ASTM C198-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar

Standard Test Method for Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bonding strength of air-setting refractory mortar by determining the flexural strength (modulus of rupture) at room temperature of oven-dried brick-mortar joints.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in SI units are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2002
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.01 - Strength
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C198-91(2001) - Standard Test Method for Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Replaced By
ASTM C198-02(2008) - Standard Test Method for Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM F1097-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Mortar, Refractory (High-Temperature, Air-Setting)
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002

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ASTM C198-02 - Standard Test Method for Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory MortarASTM C198-02 - Standard Test Method for Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar
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ASTM C198-02 - Standard Test Method for Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C 198–02
Standard Test Method for
1
Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope determine this compatibility. Only brick and mortar combina-
tions known or intended to be compatible for a particular use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bond-
should be tested.
ing strength of air-setting refractory mortar by determining the
3.3 Properties of the brick, including its strength, apparent
flexural strength (modulus of rupture) at room temperature of
porosity, and pore size distribution, can affect the measurement
oven-dried brick-mortar joints.
of both the bonding strength of the brick-mortar composite and
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
the intrinsic strength of the mortar. The average modulus of
as the standard. The values stated in SI units are for informa-
rupture of the test brick, as determined by Test Method C 133,
tion only.
should exceed that expected for the mortar being tested. The
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
testing of specific brands or lots of brick and mortar is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
preferred.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.4 Three modes of failure are available: the break may
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
occur within the brick itself, at the brick-mortar interface, or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
within the mortar itself. The latter provides a practical mea-
2. Referenced Documents
surement of the strength of the mortar itself and is the
2
predominant mode of failure with the four-point flexure test
2.1 ASTM Standards:
described. The three-point flexure test measures the failure
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using
strengthofthebrick-mortarcomposite.Failurewithinthebrick
Simple Beam With Third-Point Loading)
itself suggests that either the particular brick contained a
C 133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modu-
serious flaw, or that the mortar joint strength is of the same
lus of Rupture of Refractories
magnitude or greater than that of the refractory brick. The
C 651 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured
mode of failure should always be reported in the final report.
Carbon and GraphiteArticles Using Four-Point Loading at
3
3.5 A ruggedness test for this test method performed in
Room Temperature
1985foundthefollowingvariablestoberugged:specimensize
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
(2.5 to 3.0 in.), mortared surface (cut versus uncut), joint
1 1
3. Significance and Use
thickness ( ⁄16 to ⁄8 in.), pulling of rods (fast versus slow), the
loading rate (500 to 1000 lbf/min), the method of load
3.1 The data developed by this test method show the
application (3- versus 4-point), and the operator.
bonding strength and intrinsic strength of different qualities of
3.6 The cold bonding strengths of refractory mortars ob-
air-setting mortar.The procedures described in this test method
tained by this test method are suitable for use in research and
measure the bonding strength and intrinsic strength of air-
development, quality control, and for establishing and evalu-
setting mortars when used with specific brands or lots of
ating compliance with specifications between producers and
refractory brick.
consumers.
3.2 Note that it is possible to obtain results with these
methods for brick and mortar combinations which are incom-
4. Apparatus
patible for use at high operating temperatures. The user must
1 1
4.1 Brick—At least five 9 by 4 ⁄4 by 2 ⁄2-in. (230 by 114 by
65-mm) straight brick having plane surfaces and true rectan-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
gular shape and an average modulus of rupture higher than that
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.
expected from the mortar under test, when determined in
Current edition approved Nov 10, 2002. Published June 2003. Originally
accordance with Test Methods C 133, compose a sample.
approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C 198 – 91 (2001).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Supporting data on ruggedness testing is available from ASTM International.
the ASTM website. Request RR:C-8-
...

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3.1 The data developed by this test method show the bonding strength and intrinsic strength of different qualities of air-setting mortar. The procedures described in this test method measure the bonding strength and intrinsic strength of air-setting mortars when used with specific brands or lots of refractory brick.  
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These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Specific chemical test methods are grouped as reference test methods and alternative test methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements and are also required for referee analysis in those cases where conformance to chemical specification requirements are questioned. Apparatus and materials for the test method include balance, weights, glassware and laboratory containers, desiccators, filter paper, crucibles, and muffle furnace. Standard reagents for the test method shall be used within the limits of the specification. These reagents shall include purity agents, water, repackaged reagents, concentrated acids and ammonium hydroxide, nonstandardized solutions, and indicator solutions. Sample preparation and general test procedures shall be followed according to the specification. General procedures include sample weighing, taring of crucibles, weighing of ignited residues, volatilization of platinum, chemical analyses, and calculation. Reporting of analyses shall be of the following order: major components, minor components, and separate determinations. Reference test methods and procedures include determination of insoluble residue, silicon dioxide, ammonium hydroxide group, ferric oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur, loss on ignition, sodium and potassium oxides, manganic oxide, chloride, chloroform-soluble organic substances. Alternative test methods and procedures include determination of calcium oxide, calcium dioxide, magnesium oxide, loss on ignition, titanium dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, manganic oxide, and free calcium oxide. The standardization used for qualification and for analysis of each constituent shall be determined by valid curve-fitting procedures.
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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Any test methods of demonstrated acceptable precision and bias may be used for analysis of hydraulic cements, including analyses for referee and certification purposes, as explained in Section 4. Specific chemical test methods are provided for ease of reference for those desiring to use them. They are grouped as Reference Test Methods and Alternative Test Methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements. The alternative test methods generally provide individual determination of specific analytes and may be used alone or as alternates and determinations within the basic scheme at the option of the analyst and as indicated in the individual method.  
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Section  
Subject    
2  
Referenced Documents  
4  
Description of Referee Analyses  
4.1  
Referee Analyses  
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Qualification for Different Analyses  
5.1  
Certified Reference Materials  
5.2  
Requirements for Qualification Testing  
5.3  
Alternative Analyses  
5.4  
Performance Requirements for Rapid Test Methods  
6  
General  
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Interferences and Limitations  
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General Procedures  
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Recommended Order for Reporting Analyses    
Reference Test Methods    
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Cements with Insoluble Residue Less Than 1 %  
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Cements with Insoluble Residue Greater Than 1 %  
9  
Ammonium Hydroxide Group  
10  
Ferric Oxide  
11  
Phosphorus Pentoxide  
12  
Titanium Dioxide  
13  
Zinc Oxide  
14  
Aluminum Oxide  
15  
Calcium Oxide  
16  
Magnesium Oxide  
17  
Sulfur  
17.1  
Sulfur Trioxide  
17.2  
Sulfide  
18  
Loss On Ignition  
18.1  
Portland Cement  
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4.1 The results of mortar mixture tests can be suitable for comparing the relative performance of combinations of concrete-making materials such as fine aggregate, chemical admixtures, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), water, and hydraulic cement. Furthermore, this guide can be useful to identify unexpected performances due to combination of various materials. The relative trends in performance observed with the mortar method may suggest relative performance in concrete mixtures batched with the same materials and relative mixture proportions.  
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