ASTM C1131-10e1

Standard Practice for Least Cost (Life Cycle) Analysis of Concrete Culvert, Storm Sewer, and Sanitary Sewer Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The significance of the LCA method is that it is a comprehensive technique for taking into account all relevant monetary values over the project design life and provides a measure of the total cost of the material, system, or structure.
The LCA method can be effectively applied in both the preconstruction and bid stages of projects. After bids are taken, real costs can be used instead of estimates.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for least cost (life cycle) analysis (LCA) of materials, systems, or structures proposed for use in the construction of concrete culvert, storm sewer, and sanitary sewer systems.
Note 1—As intended in this practice, examples of analyses include, but are not limited to the following: (1) materials-pipe linings and coatings, concrete wall thicknesses, cements, additives, etc.; (2) systems-circular pipe, box sections, multiple lines, force mains, etc.; and (3) structures-wet and dry wells, pump and lift stations, etc.  
1.2 The LCA method includes costs associated with planning, engineering, construction (bid price), maintenance, rehabilitation, replacement, and cost deductions for any residual value at the end of the proposed project design life.
1.3 For each material, system, or structure, the LCA method determines in present value constant dollars, the total of all initial and future costs over the project design life, and deducts any residual value.  
1.4 Major factors in the LCA method include project design life, service life, and relevant interest and inflation rates.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2010
• ICS: 91.140.80 - Drainage systems
• Technical Committee: C13 - Concrete Pipe
• Drafting Committee: C13.05 - Special Projects

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1131-10 - Standard Practice for Least Cost (Life Cycle) Analysis of Concrete Culvert, Storm Sewer, and Sanitary Sewer Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Replaced By: ASTM C1131-10(2015) - Standard Practice for Least Cost (Life Cycle) Analysis of Concrete Culvert, Storm Sewer, and Sanitary Sewer Systems
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
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Designation: C1131 − 10
StandardPractice for
Least Cost (Life Cycle) Analysis of Concrete Culvert, Storm
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Sewer, and Sanitary Sewer Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1131; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in April 2011.
1. Scope 2.1.3 direct costs—the costs of excavation, removal, and
disposal of existing materials, systems, or structures; installa-
1.1 Thispracticecoversproceduresforleastcost(lifecycle)
tion and testing of replacements materials, systems, or struc-
analysis (LCA) of materials, systems, or structures proposed
tures; backfill; surface restoration, traffic rerouting, safety,
foruseintheconstructionofconcreteculvert,stormsewer,and
utility relocations; and additional future costs required by new
sanitary sewer systems.
land uses, population growth.
NOTE1—Asintendedinthispractice,examplesofanalysesinclude,but
2.1.4 discount rate—accounts for the time value of money
are not limited to the following: (1) materials-pipe linings and coatings,
andreflectstheimpartialityofpayingorreceivingadollarnow
concrete wall thicknesses, cements, additives, etc.; (2) systems-circular
pipe, box sections, multiple lines, force mains, etc.; and (3) structures-wet or at a future time.
and dry wells, pump and lift stations, etc.
2.1.4.1 Discussion—The discount rate is used to convert
costs occurring at different times to equivalent costs at a
1.2 The LCA method includes costs associated with
common time. Discount rates may be expressed in nominal or
planning, engineering, construction (bid price), maintenance,
real terms.
rehabilitation, replacement, and cost deductions for any re-
sidual value at the end of the proposed project design life.
2.1.5 future costs—costs incurred after a project has been
constructed and operating, such as maintenance, rehabilitation,
1.3 For each material, system, or structure, the LCAmethod
and replacement costs.
determines in present value constant dollars, the total of all
initial and future costs over the project design life, and deducts
2.1.6 indirect costs—the costs to the owner that users pay in
any residual value.
terms of delayed time.
1.4 Major factors in the LCAmethod include project design 2.1.7 inflation rate—an increase in the volume of money
life, service life, and relevant interest and inflation rates. and credit relative to available goods and services resulting in
a continuing rise in the general price level.
2. Terminology
2.1.7.1 Discussion—In this practice, inflation refers to
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yearly change in the Producer Price Index (1).
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 constant dollars—dollars of uniform purchasing
2.1.8 interest rate—the cost of borrowed money.
power exclusive of inflation or deflation.
2.1.9 maintenance costs—the annual or periodic direct and
2.1.1.1 Discussion—Constant dollars are costs stated at
indirect costs of keeping a material, system, or structure
price levels for a specific reference year, usually the particular
functioning for the project design life; such maintenance does
time that the LCA is being conducted.
not extend the service life of the material, system, or structure.
2.1.2 current dollars—dollars of purchasing power in which
2.1.10 nominal discount rate—adiscountratethattakesinto
actual prices are stated, including inflation or deflation.
account both the effects of inflation and the real earning
2.1.2.1 Discussion—Current dollars are costs stated at price
potential of money invested over time.
levels in effect whenever the costs are incurred. In the absence
2.1.10.1 Discussion—When future costs and values are
of inflation or deflation, current dollars are equal to constant
expressed in current dollars, after having been adjusted for
dollars.
inflation, a nominal discount rate is used to convert the future
costs and values to present value constant dollars. Users of this
1 practice should consult with their accountant or client to
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete
Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.05 on Special Projects. determine the appropriate discount rate for a given project.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C1131 – 95 (2007).
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DOI: 10.1520/C1131–10E01. The boldface numbers refer to the list of references at the end of the standard.
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