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ASTM E751-01

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Resistance Spot-Welding

Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Resistance Spot-Welding

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for the measurement, processing, and interpretation of the acoustic emission (AE) response associated with selected stages of the resistance spot-welding process.  
1.2 This practice also provides guidelines for feedback control by utilizing the measured AE response signals during the spot-welding process.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jul-2001
ICS
17.140.20 - Noise emitted by machines and equipment
25.160.10 - Welding processes
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.04 - Acoustic Emission Method
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E751-96 - Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Resistance Spot-Welding
Effective Date
10-Jul-2001
Replaced By
ASTM E751-07 - Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Resistance Spot-Welding
Effective Date
15-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM E543-21 - Standard Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
Effective Date
10-Jul-2001

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ASTM E751-01 - Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Resistance Spot-WeldingASTM E751-01 - Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Resistance Spot-Welding
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ASTM E751-01 - Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Resistance Spot-Welding
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E751–01
Standard Practice for
Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Resistance Spot-
1
Welding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice describes procedures for the measurement, 4.1 The AE produced during the production of a spot-weld
processing, and interpretation of the acoustic emission (AE) can be related to weld quality parameters such as the strength
response associated with selected stages of the resistance and size of the nugget, the amount of expulsion, and the
spot-welding process. amount of cracking. Therefore, in-process AE monitoring can
1.2 This practice also provides guidelines for feedback be used both as an examination method, and as a means for
control by utilizing the measured AE response signals during providing feedback control.
the spot-welding process.
5. Basis of Application
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.1 Personnel Qualification—
5.1.1 If specified in the contractual agreement, personnel
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- performing examinations to this standard shall be qualified in
accordance with a nationally recognized NDT personnel quali-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
fication practice or standard such as ANSI/ASNT CP-189,
2. Referenced Documents
SNT-TC-1A, MIL-STD-410, NAS-410 or a similar document
2.1 ASTM Standards: and certified by the employer or certifying agency, as appli-
E 543 Practice for Agencies Performing Nondestructive cable. The practice or standard used and its applicable revision
2
Testing shall be specified in the contractual agreement between the
2
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations using parties.
3
2.2 ASNT Standards: 5.2 Qualification of Nondestructive Agencies—If specified
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive in the contractual agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification and evaluated in accordance with Practice E 543. The appli-
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certi- cable edition of Practice E 543 shall be specified in the
fication of Nondestructive Testing Personnel contractual agreement.
2.3 Military Standard: 5.3 Procedures and Techniques—The procedures and tech-
MIL-STD-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualifica- niques to be used shall be as described in this practice unless
4
tion and Certification otherwisespecified.Specifictechniquesmaybespecifiedinthe
contractual agreement.
3. Terminology
6. Ordering Information
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoacoustic
emission testing, see Section B of Terminology E 1316. 6.1 If the spot-weld monitoring or process control methods
described in this practice are performed as a service, the
following items should be addressed in the purchase specifi-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
cation, and are subject to agreement between the purchaser and
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on
the supplier:
Acoustic Emission.
Current edition approved July 10, 2001. Published September 2001. Originally 6.1.1 Description of the welded parts in terms of geometry,
published as E 751 – 80. Last previous edition E 751 – 96.
dimensions, number and position of welds, and materials.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate
Plaza, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.
4
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E751–01
6.1.2 Description of the welding machine, type and dimen- current initiation can be related to the initial resistance, and the
sions of the electrodes, type of weld controller, welding cleanliness of the part. For example, burning through of certain
schedule, and distance between the welding head and the oxide layers contributes to the acoustic emission response
controller. during this time.
6.1.3 Location and mounting method for the acoustic emis- 7.2.1 During current flow, plastic deformation, nugget ex-
sion sensors, and design of the mounting fixture, as appropri- pansion, friction, melting,
...

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Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Resistance Spot-Welding

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The AE produced during the production of a spot-weld can be related to weld quality parameters such as the strength and size of the nugget, the amount of expulsion, and the amount of cracking. Therefore, in-process AE monitoring can be used both as an examination method, and as a means for providing feedback control.
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1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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4.1 Detection and location of AE sources in weldments during fabrication may provide information related to the integrity of the weld. Such information may be used to direct repair procedures on the weld or as a guide for application of other nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods. A major attribute of applying AE for in-process monitoring of welds is the ability of the method to provide immediate real-time information on weld integrity. This feature makes the method useful to lower weld costs by repairing defects at the most convenient point in the production process. The AE activity from discontinuities in the weldment is stimulated by the thermal stresses from the welding process. The AE activity resulting from this stimulation is detected by AE sensors in the vicinity of the weldment, which convert the acoustic waves into electronic signals. The AE instrumentation processes signals and provides means for immediate display or indication of AE activity and for permanent recordings of the data.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides recommendations for acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of weldments during and immediately following their fabrication by continuous welding processes.  
1.2 The procedure described in this practice is applicable to the detection and location of AE sources in weldments and in their heat-affected zone during fabrication, particularly in those cases where the time duration of welding is such that fusion and solidification take place while welding is still in progress.  
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1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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5.1 The AE produced during the production of a spot-weld can be related to weld quality parameters such as the strength and size of the nugget, the amount of expulsion, and the amount of cracking. Therefore, in-process AE monitoring can be used both as an examination method, and as a means for providing feedback control.
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1.1 This practice describes procedures for the measurement, processing, and interpretation of the acoustic emission (AE) response associated with selected stages of the resistance spot-welding process.  
1.2 This practice also provides recommendations for feedback control by utilizing the measured AE response signals during the spot-welding process.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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